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Climate statistics for Australian locations
Monthly climate statistics
All years of record
TOORAK RESEARCH STATION
An extended list of climate statistics recorded is provided below. There is also a summary table for printing with the commonly requested statistics and a map showing the location of this site. Monthly statistics are only included if there are more than 10 years of suitable data.
Note: Many statistics are updated quarterly and recent weather events may not be represented in the statistics below. For more current information on recent extreme values, please refer to the corresponding Daily rainfall, Maximum temperature and Minimum temperature data tables for this site, and our Australian Climate and Weather Extremes Monitoring System. Missing observations associated with the observer being unavailable (where observations are undertaken manually), a failure in the observing equipment, or when an event has produced suspect data may result in an extreme event not being recorded.Site details
| Site name: TOORAK RESEARCH STATION | Site number: 029090 | Commenced: 1886 | Map | |
| Latitude: 21.03° S | Longitude: 141.80° E | Elevation: 144 m | Operational status: Closed 01 Feb 2013 | |
| Statistics | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual | Years | Plot | Map | |
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| Temperature | |||||||||||||||||
| Maximum temperature | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean maximum temperature (°C) | 37.0 | 35.8 | 35.5 | 33.1 | 29.3 | 26.2 | 26.1 | 28.6 | 32.5 | 36.1 | 38.1 | 38.9 | 33.1 | 31 | 1968 2008 |
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| Highest temperature (°C) | 45.0 | 45.7 | 41.8 | 39.6 | 38.8 | 35.1 | 35.2 | 37.6 | 41.5 | 45.0 | 45.3 | 46.5 | 46.5 | 32 | 1968 2008 |
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| Date | 05 Jan 1982 | 20 Feb 1998 | 09 Mar 2004 | 01 Apr 1998 | 03 May 2007 | 15 Jun 2002 | 17 Jul 1995 | 30 Aug 2000 | 30 Sep 2005 | 27 Oct 2005 | 30 Nov 2006 | 01 Dec 2006 | 01 Dec 2006 | ||||
| Lowest maximum temperature (°C) | 22.4 | 26.0 | 23.0 | 15.5 | 16.5 | 11.5 | 14.0 | 14.5 | 15.0 | 21.0 | 25.2 | 21.5 | 11.5 | 32 | 1968 2008 |
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| Date | 13 Jan 1991 | 04 Feb 1976 | 30 Mar 1973 | 26 Apr 1983 | 23 May 1974 | 20 Jun 2007 | 23 Jul 2008 | 06 Aug 1995 | 07 Sep 1973 | 17 Oct 1974 | 11 Nov 1998 | 20 Dec 1976 | 20 Jun 2007 | ||||
| Decile 1 maximum temperature (°C) | 31.3 | 31.0 | 32.0 | 29.3 | 25.4 | 21.5 | 21.9 | 24.3 | 28.0 | 31.5 | 34.0 | 34.4 | 28 | 1968 2008 |
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| Decile 9 maximum temperature(°C) | 41.5 | 40.0 | 38.9 | 36.5 | 33.0 | 30.5 | 30.0 | 32.7 | 36.6 | 40.0 | 41.5 | 43.0 | 28 | 1968 2008 |
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| Mean number of days ≥ 30 °C | 25.3 | 23.0 | 23.8 | 20.2 | 11.5 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 9.7 | 20.1 | 24.9 | 23.0 | 23.6 | 212.0 | 32 | 1968 2008 |
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| Mean number of days ≥ 35 °C | 20.7 | 16.1 | 16.4 | 7.3 | 0.4 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 6.7 | 18.3 | 20.2 | 21.3 | 127.8 | 32 | 1968 2008 |
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| Mean number of days ≥ 40 °C | 6.7 | 2.6 | 0.9 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 2.7 | 7.1 | 11.0 | 31.1 | 32 | 1968 2008 |
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| Minimum temperature | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean minimum temperature (°C) | 23.0 | 22.8 | 20.6 | 16.9 | 12.8 | 9.2 | 8.3 | 9.8 | 13.8 | 17.8 | 20.3 | 22.2 | 16.5 | 30 | 1968 2008 |
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| Lowest temperature (°C) | 13.5 | 13.0 | 10.0 | 6.0 | 2.0 | -0.5 | -1.0 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 4.5 | 7.0 | 11.5 | -1.0 | 31 | 1968 2008 |
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| Date | 03 Jan 1970 | 08 Feb 1979 | 24 Mar 1975 | 30 Apr 1999 | 30 May 1974 | 28 Jun 1977 | 11 Jul 1983 | 13 Aug 1976 | 11 Sep 1976 | 18 Oct 1974 | 04 Nov 1974 | 02 Dec 1974 | 11 Jul 1983 | ||||
| Highest minimum temperature (°C) | 30.3 | 29.5 | 27.0 | 28.0 | 22.2 | 19.1 | 20.8 | 22.6 | 29.1 | 28.0 | 30.0 | 31.0 | 31.0 | 31 | 1968 2008 |
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| Date | 10 Jan 2003 | 15 Feb 1983 | 05 Mar 2006 | 13 Apr 1973 | 08 May 1992 | 07 Jun 2001 | 25 Jul 1993 | 25 Aug 1995 | 27 Sep 2003 | 20 Oct 1980 | 18 Nov 1990 | 24 Dec 1996 | 24 Dec 1996 | ||||
| Decile 1 minimum temperature (°C) | 19.8 | 20.0 | 16.5 | 13.0 | 7.5 | 3.8 | 3.0 | 4.9 | 8.7 | 12.9 | 15.5 | 18.0 | 28 | 1968 2008 |
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| Decile 9 minimum temperature (°C) | 26.0 | 25.5 | 24.2 | 21.5 | 18.0 | 15.0 | 13.9 | 14.9 | 18.7 | 23.0 | 25.1 | 26.5 | 28 | 1968 2008 |
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| Mean number of days ≤ 2 °C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 1.1 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 2.1 | 31 | 1968 2008 |
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| Mean number of days ≤ 0 °C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 31 | 1968 2008 |
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| Ground surface temperature | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean daily ground minimum temperature (°C) | 20.8 | 21.0 | 18.9 | 15.2 | 10.8 | 7.0 | 6.0 | 7.5 | 11.4 | 15.2 | 17.8 | 20.1 | 14.3 | 18 | 1968 2008 |
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| Lowest ground temperature (°C) | 7.5 | 10.0 | 6.3 | 1.5 | 1.0 | -6.0 | -5.0 | -4.5 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 8.5 | -6.0 | 20 | 1968 2008 |
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| Date | 24 Jan 1972 | 01 Feb 1977 | 23 Mar 2003 | 18 Apr 1977 | 30 May 1974 | 28 Jun 1994 | 25 Jul 1971 | 09 Aug 1992 | 10 Sep 1976 | 12 Oct 1992 | 23 Nov 2006 | 08 Dec 2006 | 28 Jun 1994 | ||||
| Mean number of days ground min. temp. ≤ -1 °C | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 20 | 1968 2008 |
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| Statistics | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual | Years | Plot | Map | |
| Rainfall | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean rainfall (mm) | 116.5 | 94.4 | 59.1 | 17.4 | 14.2 | 13.5 | 8.2 | 3.7 | 6.1 | 15.2 | 26.3 | 59.4 | 435.1 | 125 | 1886 2013 |
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| Highest rainfall (mm) | 761.4 | 344.2 | 295.4 | 210.5 | 181.6 | 177.5 | 88.9 | 70.1 | 57.4 | 157.7 | 200.7 | 286.5 | 1105.8 | 125 | 1886 2013 |
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| Date | 1974 | 1940 | 1971 | 2006 | 1955 | 1935 | 1956 | 1966 | 1947 | 1930 | 1925 | 1903 | 1891 | ||||
| Lowest rainfall (mm) | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 92.9 | 125 | 1886 2013 |
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| Date | 2013 | 1931 | 1992 | 2008 | 2011 | 2012 | 2007 | 2012 | 2011 | 2006 | 2007 | 1951 | 1905 | ||||
| Decile 1 rainfall (mm) | 12.0 | 8.8 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 7.2 | 126 | n/a n/a |
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| Decile 5 (median) rainfall (mm) | 77.6 | 83.5 | 29.3 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 4.5 | 14.1 | 46.7 | 126 | n/a n/a |
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| Decile 9 rainfall (mm) | 272.4 | 211.8 | 172.1 | 54.0 | 42.3 | 42.5 | 27.7 | 12.7 | 18.3 | 44.5 | 72.6 | 128.4 | 126 | n/a n/a |
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| Highest daily rainfall (mm) | 209.2 | 135.8 | 152.4 | 99.0 | 77.4 | 66.7 | 80.0 | 25.0 | 17.0 | 78.0 | 63.8 | 134.0 | 209.2 | 49 | 1954 2013 |
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| Date | 12 Jan 2007 | 03 Feb 1992 | 03 Mar 1957 | 05 Apr 2006 | 22 May 1990 | 18 Jun 2007 | 10 Jul 1978 | 06 Aug 1995 | 13 Sep 1982 | 23 Oct 1986 | 18 Nov 1993 | 20 Dec 1977 | 12 Jan 2007 | ||||
| Mean number of days of rain | 9.6 | 7.9 | 4.8 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 1.0 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 5.9 | 41.0 | 49 | 1886 2013 |
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| Mean number of days of rain ≥ 1 mm | 2.8 | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.9 | 12.3 | 49 | 1954 2013 |
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| Mean number of days of rain ≥ 10 mm | 1.2 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.7 | 4.8 | 49 | 1954 2013 |
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| Mean number of days of rain ≥ 25 mm | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 1.9 | 49 | 1954 2013 |
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| Statistics | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual | Years | Plot | Map | |
| Other daily elements | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean daily wind run (km) | |
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| Maximum wind gust speed (km/h) | |
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| Date | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean daily sunshine (hours) | |
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| Mean daily solar exposure (MJ/m2) | 25.3 | 24.9 | 23.2 | 20.4 | 17.4 | 16.1 | 17.2 | 20.1 | 23.1 | 25.8 | 26.5 | 26.4 | 22.2 | 36 | 1990 2026 |
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| Mean number of clear days | 0 | 2002 2004 |
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| Mean number of cloudy days | 0 | 2002 2004 |
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| Mean daily evaporation (mm) | 9.6 | 8.2 | 8.4 | 8.1 | 6.4 | 5.4 | 5.6 | 6.9 | 8.9 | 11.2 | 12.0 | 12.5 | 8.6 | 23 | 1971 2008 |
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| Statistics | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual | Years | Plot | Map | |
| 9 am conditions | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean 9am temperature (°C) | 29.3 | 28.6 | 27.7 | 25.1 | 20.6 | 16.7 | 16.1 | 18.9 | 23.7 | 28.0 | 30.2 | 30.9 | 24.6 | 32 | 1968 2008 |
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| Mean 9am wet-bulb temperature (°C) | 24.0 | 24.1 | 22.0 | 18.8 | 15.3 | 11.9 | 11.0 | 12.8 | 15.9 | 18.5 | 21.1 | 22.6 | 18.2 | 27 | 1968 2008 |
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| Mean 9am dew-point temperature (°C) | 21.0 | 21.8 | 18.2 | 13.9 | 10.2 | 6.6 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 8.5 | 10.8 | 14.5 | 17.6 | 12.9 | 25 | 1969 2008 |
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| Mean 9am relative humidity (%) | 64 | 69 | 58 | 53 | 55 | 54 | 53 | 46 | 42 | 39 | 44 | 50 | 52 | 25 | 1969 2008 |
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| Mean 9am cloud cover (oktas) | 3.6 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.3 | 1.0 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.1 | 27 | 1968 2008 |
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| Mean 9am wind speed (km/h) | 12.8 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 15.3 | 15.2 | 16.0 | 17.9 | 17.9 | 16.2 | 13.8 | 14.8 | 25 | 1969 2008 |
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| 9am wind speed vs direction plot |  |
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| Statistics | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Annual | Years | Plot | Map | |
| 3 pm conditions | |||||||||||||||||
| Mean 3pm temperature (°C) | 1 | 1972 2004 |
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| Mean 3pm wet-bulb temperature (°C) | 1 | 1991 2004 |
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| Mean 3pm dew-point temperature (°C) | 1 | 1991 2004 |
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| Mean 3pm relative humidity (%) | 1 | 1991 2004 |
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| Mean 3pm cloud cover (oktas) | 0 | 2001 2004 |
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| Mean 3pm wind speed (km/h) | 0 | 1972 2004 |
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| 3pm wind speed vs direction plot | |
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red = highest value
blue = lowest value
Product IDCJCM0036 Prepared at Thu 04 Jun 2026 01:33:30 AM AEST
Monthly statistics are only included if there are more than 10 years of data. The number of years (provided in the 2nd last column of the table) may differ between elements if the observing program at the site changed. More detailed data for individual sites can be obtained by contacting the Bureau.
Related Links
- This page URL: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_029090_All.shtml
- Summary statistics and locational map for this site:
http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_029090.shtml - About climate averages: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/cdo/about/about-stats.shtml
- Data file (csv): http://www.bom.gov.au/clim_data/cdio/tables/text/IDCJCM0036_029090.csv
- Climate averages home page URL: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/data/index.shtml
- Bureau of Meteorology website: http://www.bom.gov.au
Related information
Maps
- Long term climatology maps for selected elements
- Rainfall maps and temperature maps based on recent observations
Recent observations for this site
Climate outlooks
- Monthly and seasonal climate outlooks
Additional climate information
Page created: Thu 04 Jun 2026 01:33:30 AM AEST