Friday, 1 February 2008 - Monthly Climate Summary for Victoria - Product code IDCKGC16R0
January 2008 was warmer than average across Victoria, with both daytime and overnight temperatures consistently above average. Rainfall varied greatly across the state, with areas in the north receiving above average totals whilst the south received below average totals.
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Rainfall varied across the state, with most of northern Victoria receiving above average falls whilst southern Victoria received below average rainfall. The variation in rainfall across the state was the result of several low pressure troughs over northern Victoria providing rainfall in the north, but not the south.
The wettest overall was 169.6 mm at Mt Buffalo Chalet. The driest overall was 0.8 mm at Cerberus AWS. The wettest single day 106.4 mm at Mt Buffalo Chalet on the 20th.
Some sites had their highest total January rainfall for at least 20 years.
Some sites had their lowest total January rainfall on record.
Some sites had their lowest total January rainfall for at least 20 years.
There is a map of rainfall deciles below.
Maximum temperatures were between 1 and 3 degrees above average across Victoria. Several very hot days at the start of the month brought the monthly average up, but in general, temperatures were near to or above average throughout the period.
The hottest day was 44.1°C at Longerenong on the 1st. The warmest days on average were 33.8°C at Yarrawonga. The coolest days on average were 17.7°C at Mt Hotham. The coldest day was 8.2°C at Mt Baw Baw on the 21st.
A record hot spell was recorded in Bendigo, with 17 days in a row between the 27th December 2007 and 12 January 2008 recording maximum temperatures greater than or equal to 30°C.
There is a map of maximum temperature anomalies below.Minimum temperatures were generally between 1 and 3 degrees above average across Victoria, with a small region in the northeast recording temperatures up to 4 degrees above average.
The coldest night was 0.1°C at Mt Baw Baw on the 14th. The coolest nights on average were 9.6°C at Mt Hotham. The warmest nights on average were 18.5°C at Yarrawonga. The warmest night was 30.6°C at Hopetoun Airport on the 11th.
Some sites had their warmest January night (highest daily minimum temperature) on record.
Some sites had their highest January mean daily minimum temperature on record.
Some sites had their highest January mean daily minimum temperature for at least 20 years.
There is a map of minimum temperature anomalies below.The strongest wind gust was 102 km/h at Yarrawonga on the 11th.
| Hottest day Highest temperature | 44.1°C at Longerenong on the 1st |
|---|---|
| Warmest days on average Highest mean daily maximum temperature | 33.8°C at Yarrawonga |
| Coolest days on average Lowest mean daily maximum temperature | 17.7°C at Mt Hotham |
| Coldest day Lowest daily maximum temperature | 8.2°C at Mt Baw Baw on the 21st |
| Coldest night Lowest temperature | 0.1°C at Mt Baw Baw on the 14th |
| Coolest nights on average Lowest mean daily minimum temperature | 9.6°C at Mt Hotham |
| Warmest nights on average Highest mean daily minimum temperature | 18.5°C at Yarrawonga |
| Warmest night Highest daily minimum temperature | 30.6°C at Hopetoun Airport on the 11th |
| Wettest overall Highest total rainfall |
169.6 mm at Mt Buffalo Chalet |
| Driest overall Lowest total rainfall |
0.8 mm at Cerberus AWS |
| Wettest day Highest daily rainfall |
106.4 mm at Mt Buffalo Chalet on the 20th |
| Highest wind gust | 102 km/h at Yarrawonga on the 11th |
Jump to: Extremes Maps Records Summaries Notes the top
Jump to: Extremes Maps Records Summaries Notes the top
| Highest total January rainfall for at least 20 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total rainfall for January 2008 (mm) |
Most recent higher for January |
Years since higher |
Normal for January |
||
| Echuca Aerodrome | 99.4 | 100.4 | in 1984 | 24 | 27.8 |
| Kyabram DPI | 110.8 | 114.9 | in 1984 | 24 | 32.6 |
| Mangalore Airport | 102.8 | 116.2 | in 1984 | 24 | 38.3 |
| Record lowest total January rainfall | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total rainfall for January 2008 (mm) |
Previous lowest for January |
Years of record |
Normal for January |
||
| Heywood Forestry | 4.2 | 8.4 | in 2001 | 58 | 35.1 |
| Phillip Island Penguin Reserve | 4.5 | 6.4 | in 2004 | 22 | 32.4 |
| Lowest total January rainfall for at least 20 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Total rainfall for January 2008 (mm) |
Most recent lower for January |
Years since lower |
Normal for January |
||
| Scoresby Research Institute | 19.6 | 5.3 | in 1964 | 41 | 53.5 |
| Record highest January daily minimum temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Highest daily minimum temperature in January 2008 (°C) |
Previous highest for January |
Years of record |
Normal for January |
|||
| Horsham Polkemmet Rd | 29.2 | on the 1st | 28.0 | on the 3rd in 1991 | 48 | 13.1 |
| Walpeup Research | 29.0 | on the 11th | 28.9 | on the 24th in 2001 | 41 | 15.2 |
| Melbourne Airport | 27.3 | on the 1st | 27.3 | on the 21st in 1997 | 38 | 13.6 |
| Bundoora (Latrobe University) | 28.5 | on the 1st | 28.1 | on the 21st in 1997 | 25 | 14.0 |
| Record highest January mean daily minimum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mean daily minimum temperature for January 2008 (°C) |
Previous highest for January |
Years of record |
Normal for January |
||
| Essendon Airport | 16.0 | 15.6 | in 2007 | 39 | 13.2 |
| Highest January mean daily minimum temperature for at least 20 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mean daily minimum temperature for January 2008 (°C) |
Most recent higher for January |
Years since higher |
Normal for January |
||
| Rutherglen Research | 17.0 | 17.1 | in 1973 | 35 | 13.6 |
| Mangalore Airport | 16.4 | 16.7 | in 1981 | 27 | 14.1 |
| Bundoora (Latrobe University) | 16.1 | 16.2 | in 1981 | 23 | 14.0 |
Jump to: Extremes Maps Records Summaries Notes the top
In this table, key sites have been highlighted to make them easier to find. This table is very wide and may not fit if printed.
| Summary statistics for January 2008 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum temperatures for January (°C) |
Minimum temperatures for January (°C) |
Rainfall for January (millimetres) |
||||||||||
| Mean for January 2008 |
Diff from normal |
Highest for January 2008 |
Mean for January 2008 |
Diff from normal |
Lowest for January 2008 |
Total for January 2008 |
Normal for January |
Rank of January 2008 |
Fraction of January normal |
|||
| North Mallee (district 76) | ||||||||||||
| Mildura Airport | 33.7 | +1.6 | 42.1 | 10th | 18.3 | +1.7 | 12.7 | 17th | 17.4 | 21.0 | normal | 83% |
| Ouyen | 33.2 | +1.0 | 42.4 | 10th | 17.3 | +1.9 | 11.9 | 21st | 29.1 | 20.7 | high | 141% |
| Walpeup Research | 32.9 | +1.2 | 42.1 | 1st | 16.9 | +1.7 | 11.6 | 14th | 42.6 | 21.6 | high | 197% |
| South Mallee (district 77) | ||||||||||||
| Hopetoun Airport | 33.1 | 43.2 | 1st | 16.3 | 10.6 | 14th | 29.0 | |||||
| Swan Hill Aerodrome | 33.3 | +0.7 | 42.1 | 11th | 17.3 | +1.4 | 12.0 | 21st | 23.8 | 24.2 | normal | 98% |
| North Wimmera (district 78) | ||||||||||||
| Nhill | 31.2 | +1.5 | 41.5 | 10th | 14.1 | +1.3 | 8.5 | 7th | ||||
| Nhill Aerodrome | 31.9 | 43.0 | 1st | 14.7 | 7.2 | 14th | 16.6 | |||||
| Warracknabeal Museum | 32.1 | +1.5 | 42.8 | 1st | 15.9 | +1.9 | 9.5 | 14th | 30.2 | 25.2 | high | 120% |
| South Wimmera (district 79) | ||||||||||||
| Edenhope Airport | 29.5 | 41.2 | 10th | 13.2 | 6.5 | 14th | 15.8 | |||||
| Grampians | 20.7 | 33.2 | 1st | 10.3 | 2.3 | 21st | 57.2 | |||||
| Horsham Aerodrome | 31.6 | +0.8 | 44.0 | 1st | 13.7 | +1.3 | 6.0 | 14th | 44.2 | 25.0 | high | 177% |
| Horsham Polkemmet Rd | 31.4 | +1.6 | 43.5 | 1st | 14.0 | +0.9 | 6.5 | 14th | 42.6 | 23.8 | high | 179% |
| Kanagulk | 29.7 | 42.2 | 1st | 13.5 | 7.7 | 14th | 32.0 | |||||
| Longerenong | 31.8 | +1.9 | 44.1 | 1st | 13.9 | +1.0 | 4.6 | 14th | 48.4 | 23.6 | high | 205% |
| Pyrenees | 25.1 | 37.6 | 1st | 13.0 | 4.7 | 21st | 24.4 | |||||
| Stawell Aerodrome | 29.4 | +0.4 | 41.9 | 1st | 14.4 | +1.0 | 8.0 | 15th | 33.0 | 34.8 | normal | 95% |
| Lower North (district 80) | ||||||||||||
| Charlton | 32.3 | 41.7 | 1st | 17.0 | 10.9 | 14th | 25.0 | |||||
| Echuca Aerodrome | 32.9 | +2.2 | 41.3 | 10th | 16.6 | +1.5 | 10.3 | 15th | 99.4 | 27.8 | very high | 358% |
| Kerang | 33.5 | +2.0 | 42.0 | 10th | 17.7 | +2.7 | 12.1 | 21st | 24.8 | 23.9 | normal | 104% |
| Kyabram DPI | 32.1 | +2.3 | 40.5 | 1st | 17.2 | +3.0 | 10.3 | 15th | 110.8 | 32.6 | very high | 340% |
| Upper North (district 81) | ||||||||||||
| Bendigo Airport | 30.5 | +1.3 | 40.7 | 1st | 15.9 | +2.0 | 8.7 | 15th | 34.4 | 32.2 | normal | 107% |
| Shepparton Airport | 32.5 | +0.8 | 40.2 | 6th | 17.0 | +2.0 | 10.6 | 15th | 45.2 | 22.2 | high | 204% |
| Tatura Inst Sustainable Ag | 31.3 | +1.9 | 39.9 | 1st | 16.3 | +2.3 | 9.4 | 15th | 55.6 | 32.9 | high | 169% |
| Yarrawonga | 33.8 | +1.8 | 40.0 | 11th | 18.5 | +3.0 | 12.5 | 14th | 45.6 | 29.6 | high | 154% |
| Lower Northeast (district 82) | ||||||||||||
| Beechworth Woolshed | 32.7 | +2.3 | 38.8 | 2nd | 15.7 | +2.4 | 8.2 | 14th | 58.4 | 46.4 | high | 126% |
| Benalla Airport | 32.9 | 38.8 | 1st | 17.2 | 11.9 | 15th | 51.6 | |||||
| Corryong Airport | 32.6 | 37.7 | 2nd | 15.3 | 11.1 | 29th | 48.0 | |||||
| Dartmouth Reservoir | 31.5 | +2.5 | 37.7 | 2nd | 15.9 | +2.4 | 12.5 | 15th | 77.4 | 61.8 | high | 125% |
| Hunters Hill | 27.0 | +1.6 | 33.0 | 2nd | 16.2 | +2.4 | 9.9 | 22nd | 84.4 | 62.2 | normal | 136% |
| Rutherglen Research | 33.6 | +2.3 | 40.1 | 2nd | 17.0 | +3.4 | 11.1 | 14th | 50.4 | 36.2 | high | 139% |
| Strathbogie | 28.8 | +1.8 | 35.9 | 1st | 13.8 | +2.3 | 7.6 | 15th | 76.0 | 47.0 | high | 162% |
| Wangaratta Aero | 33.6 | +2.1 | 39.7 | 1st | 16.1 | +2.1 | 10.7 | 14th | 63.0 | 41.8 | high | 151% |
| Upper Northeast (district 83) | ||||||||||||
| Dinner Plain | 22.8 | 29.1 | 1st | 9.7 | 1.3 | 17th | 79.6 | |||||
| Edi Upper | 31.2 | +1.5 | 36.8 | 2nd | 15.9 | +2.0 | 11.0 | 14th | 81.8 | 56.9 | high | 144% |
| Falls Creek | 19.4 | +2.1 | 25.1 | 2nd | 10.4 | +2.1 | 3.4 | 14th | 138.6 | 102.6 | high | 135% |
| Mount Buller | 19.0 | +2.2 | 24.1 | 1st | 11.5 | +3.0 | 5.5 | 14th | 114.4 | 72.4 | high | 158% |
| Mt Hotham | 17.7 | +1.8 | 23.2 | 2nd | 9.6 | +2.0 | 2.9 | 22nd | 137.6 | 99.7 | high | 138% |
| Omeo | 27.2 | 35.3 | 10th | 12.1 | 6.7 | 15th | 53.0 | |||||
| Omeo Comparison | 26.9 | +1.1 | 35.0 | 10th | 12.1 | +2.5 | 6.2 | 15th | 56.2 | 53.5 | normal | 105% |
| East Gippsland (district 84) | ||||||||||||
| Combienbar AWS | 26.9 | +2.0 | 37.5 | 11th | 14.3 | +1.0 | 7.2 | 22nd | 41.0 | 79.3 | low | 52% |
| Gabo Island Lighthouse | 22.5 | +1.6 | 27.9 | 6th | 16.9 | +1.2 | 13.1 | 15th | 33.2 | 72.6 | normal | 46% |
| Gelantipy | 25.2 | +1.7 | 34.6 | 10th | 12.6 | +1.2 | 7.1 | 22nd | 60.8 | 65.1 | normal | 93% |
| Lakes Entrance | 24.9 | 40.9 | 11th | 15.3 | 9.6 | 22nd | 37.1 | |||||
| Mallacoota | 24.8 | +1.0 | 34.2 | 11th | 16.2 | +0.7 | 10.9 | 15th | 47.4 | 66.0 | normal | 72% |
| Mt Nowa Nowa | 25.9 | +1.5 | 39.4 | 1st | 15.3 | +1.3 | 10.6 | 22nd | 48.4 | 63.1 | normal | 77% |
| Orbost | 26.9 | 41.0 | 11th | 15.5 | 9.9 | 22nd | 43.4 | |||||
| Orbost | 27.0 | +1.6 | 40.2 | 11th | 15.0 | +1.8 | 9.0 | 15th | 40.6 | 67.0 | normal | 61% |
| Point Hicks | 25.7 | +2.1 | 33.0 | 1st | 16.4 | +0.7 | 8.5 | 14th | 43.8 | 63.9 | normal | 69% |
| West Gippsland (district 85) | ||||||||||||
| Bairnsdale Airport | 26.6 | +0.9 | 40.2 | 11th | 14.1 | +1.4 | 8.4 | 17th | 92.2 | 52.0 | high | 177% |
| East Sale Airport | 26.9 | +1.6 | 41.0 | 1st | 14.4 | +1.6 | 8.2 | 14th | 59.6 | 46.3 | high | 129% |
| Morwell | 28.5 | +2.5 | 39.3 | 10th | 13.6 | +1.0 | 5.6 | 14th | 20.8 | 52.8 | very low | 39% |
| Mt Baw Baw | 18.4 | +0.9 | 27.0 | 1st | 9.9 | +1.3 | 0.1 | 14th | 114.2 | 99.8 | normal | 114% |
| Mt Moornapa | 26.0 | +1.0 | 39.2 | 1st | 14.2 | +1.0 | 9.4 | 22nd | 134.8 | 67.3 | high | 200% |
| Noojee | 27.0 | +2.2 | 37.4 | 10th | 12.2 | +1.0 | 6.5 | 15th | 36.4 | 69.6 | low | 52% |
| Pound Creek | 25.6 | 37.5 | 11th | 12.7 | 6.3 | 23rd | 4.6 | |||||
| Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse | 21.7 | +1.7 | 35.0 | 11th | 16.2 | +2.1 | 13.3 | 21st | 8.4 | 52.9 | very low | 16% |
| Yarram Airport | 26.0 | 40.3 | 1st | 13.6 | 6.8 | 15th | 31.8 | |||||
| East Central (district 86) | ||||||||||||
| Bundoora | 28.1 | +1.9 | 41.2 | 1st | 16.1 | +2.1 | 10.1 | 15th | 11.4 | 47.7 | low | 24% |
| Cerberus | 25.5 | +1.5 | 39.1 | 10th | 14.9 | +1.1 | 9.4 | 7th | 0.8 | 40.8 | very low | 2% |
| Coldstream | 28.9 | +1.5 | 39.4 | 10th | 13.0 | +1.3 | 4.7 | 15th | 28.2 | 48.7 | very low | 58% |
| Cranbourne Botanic Gardens | 26.4 | +1.4 | 39.5 | 10th | 14.1 | +0.7 | 9.0 | 14th | 15.9 | 56.5 | very low | 28% |
| Essendon Airport | 28.0 | +1.8 | 41.2 | 1st | 16.0 | +2.9 | 10.0 | 15th | 20.6 | 44.1 | normal | 47% |
| Ferny Creek | 23.7 | +1.7 | 35.2 | 1st | 13.1 | +1.1 | 8.2 | 14th | 43.8 | 69.5 | low | 63% |
| Frankston AWS | 25.6 | +1.1 | 38.9 | 10th | 16.7 | +1.3 | 12.7 | 15th | ||||
| Melbourne Airport | 27.7 | +1.6 | 40.4 | 1st | 15.5 | +1.9 | 9.9 | 15th | 37.6 | 42.6 | normal | 88% |
| Melbourne Regional Office | 27.9 | +2.0 | 41.2 | 10th | 17.6 | +2.5 | 12.8 | 15th | 32.2 | 47.1 | normal | 68% |
| Moorabbin Airport | 27.1 | +1.6 | 40.5 | 10th | 15.9 | +1.8 | 9.8 | 15th | 15.0 | 45.2 | low | 33% |
| Phillip Island Penguin Reserve | 24.7 | +1.0 | 34.6 | 26th | 15.3 | +1.6 | 9.7 | 23rd | 4.5 | 32.4 | lowest | 14% |
| Rhyll | 25.3 | +2.0 | 37.2 | 10th | 16.9 | +1.9 | 14.2 | 15th | 7.4 | 38.6 | very low | 19% |
| Scoresby Research Institute | 28.0 | +2.0 | 39.4 | 10th | 14.8 | +1.7 | 7.6 | 15th | 19.6 | 53.5 | very low | 37% |
| Viewbank | 28.9 | 41.1 | 1st | 15.9 | 9.1 | 15th | 30.4 | |||||
| Wallan | 25.6 | +1.4 | 37.1 | 1st | 13.3 | +1.2 | 8.1 | 14th | 65.0 | 49.6 | high | 131% |
| Wonthaggi | 25.9 | +2.2 | 38.5 | 10th | 14.6 | +1.7 | 9.3 | 15th | 4.8 | 48.8 | very low | 10% |
| West Central (district 87) | ||||||||||||
| Avalon Airport | 27.3 | +1.5 | 41.6 | 10th | 15.1 | +1.1 | 9.3 | 15th | 9.2 | 31.6 | low | 29% |
| Geelong Airport | 26.1 | +1.9 | 40.6 | 10th | 14.6 | +1.7 | 8.9 | 15th | 9.4 | 35.6 | low | 26% |
| Laverton RAAF | 27.3 | +1.7 | 41.4 | 10th | 15.8 | +2.2 | 9.8 | 15th | 10.2 | 39.9 | low | 26% |
| Point Wilson | 23.6 | +0.3 | 35.8 | 1st | 16.8 | +0.5 | 12.3 | 21st | ||||
| Sheoaks | 27.2 | +2.0 | 40.5 | 1st | 13.2 | +1.1 | 4.8 | 14th | 24.6 | 35.4 | normal | 69% |
| North Central (district 88) | ||||||||||||
| Castlemaine Prison | 29.5 | +1.6 | 40.1 | 1st | 14.9 | +2.0 | 5.5 | 14th | 15.5 | 39.0 | low | 40% |
| Eildon Fire Tower | 29.0 | +2.0 | 36.6 | 1st | 14.5 | +1.2 | 8.1 | 14th | 4.8 | 30.5 | very low | 16% |
| Lake Eildon | 31.2 | +2.7 | 39.1 | 1st | 14.6 | +2.1 | 8.5 | 17th | 57.2 | 46.3 | normal | 124% |
| Mangalore Airport | 31.3 | +1.8 | 41.0 | 1st | 16.4 | +2.3 | 11.5 | 15th | 102.8 | 38.3 | very high | 268% |
| Maryborough | 30.4 | +1.8 | 41.0 | 1st | 15.0 | +2.1 | 8.0 | 14th | 17.0 | 31.0 | normal | 55% |
| Redesdale | 30.3 | +1.7 | 40.8 | 1st | 15.0 | +2.0 | 6.9 | 14th | 21.6 | 32.9 | normal | 66% |
| Western Plains (district 89) | ||||||||||||
| Ararat Prison | 28.4 | +1.8 | 40.5 | 1st | 12.8 | +1.8 | 6.9 | 14th | 41.0 | 38.9 | normal | 105% |
| Ballarat Aerodrome | 27.2 | +2.3 | 38.0 | 1st | 12.8 | +2.0 | 5.5 | 14th | 17.8 | 38.6 | low | 46% |
| Westmere | 28.2 | 40.0 | 10th | 11.9 | 3.5 | 14th | 50.8 | |||||
| West Coast (district 90) | ||||||||||||
| Aireys Inlet | 23.3 | +1.0 | 37.2 | 5th | 15.1 | +1.3 | 11.7 | 28th | 9.8 | 34.3 | very low | 29% |
| Cape Nelson Lighthouse | 20.9 | +0.1 | 38.0 | 4th | 15.0 | +0.5 | 8.6 | 12th | 9.8 | 33.8 | very low | 29% |
| Cape Otway Lighthouse | 21.0 | +0.1 | 31.6 | 10th | 14.7 | +1.4 | 10.6 | 12th | 22.0 | 43.4 | low | 51% |
| Casterton | 27.9 | 40.5 | 10th | 12.1 | 5.5 | 12th | 17.8 | |||||
| Casterton Showgrounds | 27.8 | +0.7 | 40.2 | 10th | 12.6 | +0.8 | 6.1 | 14th | 19.6 | 30.0 | normal | 65% |
| Colac | 26.6 | 39.4 | 10th | 13.3 | 8.6 | 21st | 19.0 | |||||
| Hamilton Airport | 27.5 | +1.4 | 40.2 | 10th | 11.8 | +1.0 | 5.4 | 12th | 24.4 | 34.3 | normal | 71% |
| Heywood Forestry | 24.9 | +0.7 | 39.8 | 10th | 11.8 | +0.6 | 5.9 | 15th | 4.2 | 35.1 | lowest | 12% |
| Mortlake Racecourse | 26.6 | +1.3 | 39.7 | 10th | 11.1 | +0.3 | 4.0 | 15th | 23.2 | 32.8 | normal | 71% |
| Port Fairy AWS | 22.3 | 0 | 39.1 | 4th | 14.6 | +0.7 | 8.5 | 12th | 15.2 | 33.6 | low | 45% |
| Portland | 22.0 | +0.4 | 36.8 | 4th | 12.5 | +0.3 | 3.6 | 12th | 13.2 | 35.2 | low | 38% |
| Warrnambool Airport Ndb | 23.8 | −0.4 | 39.2 | 10th | 11.6 | −0.1 | 4.4 | 15th | 16.4 | |||
| Weeaproinah | 21.5 | +1.9 | 34.8 | 10th | 11.8 | +1.1 | 7.1 | 7th | 30.8 | 87.3 | low | 35% |
Jump to: Extremes Maps Records Summaries Notes the top
This statement has been prepared based on information available at 1 pm on Friday 1 February 2008. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
Normals are long-term means based on observations from
the years 1895 to present.
They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record in that time, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
mean
of "normal" rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
normal in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of normal shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.