Design tips for cool temperate
	climate (warm summer, cool winter)

In a cool temperate climate, we need strategies as per temperate zone, PLUS: -

• more north-facing glass than is required in the temperate zone. The area of north-facing windows should be 20 - 35% of the floor area of the room they are in - use 20% in buildings of low heat storage capacity and 35% in structures with high heat storage capacity.
• east-facing windows (with external shading to restrict summer sun) to provide morning sunlight during the cooler months;
• even more effort to block heat loss via drafts;
• all outer doors opening on to a small entry hall, which acts as an air-lock between inside and outside;
• edge insulation for concrete slabs;
• insulation for timber floors;
• thicker insulation from external walls and very thick ceiling insulation;
• thermal insulation of metal framing, if used;
• precautions against frost damage to water pipes and solar water heaters;
• pitched roofs where snow falls occur (a flat roof leaks, when melting snow collects on it);
• consider a sun-porch, glasshouse or conservatory, to trap the sun's heat and/or double-glazed windows, to reduce heat loss.

Condensation will be a problem in uninsulated houses in this climate. It occurs when moist air comes into contact with surfaces which are cold enough to cause water vapour to condense into liquid form. In well-insulated buildings, surfaces are warmer, so condensation is less likely.

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