Latest Coastal Weather Observations for Gabo Island
Issued at 6:02 am EDT Tuesday 18 March 2025 (issued every 10 minutes, with the page automatically refreshed every 10 minutes)

Station Details | ID: 084016 | Name: GABO ISLAND LIGHTHOUSE | Lat: -37.57 | Lon: 149.92 | Height: 15.0 m |
Date/Time EDT |
Wind | Sea Height m |
Swell | Vis km |
Cloud | Weather | Temp °C |
Press MSL hPa |
Rain since 9am mm |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dir | Spd kts |
Gust kts |
Height m |
Period s |
Dir | |||||||||
18/06:00am | WNW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.8 | 1023.4 | 0.2 | |
18/05:30am | NW | 9 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.9 | 1023.3 | 0.2 | |
18/05:00am | NW | 9 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.6 | 1023.1 | 0.2 | |
18/04:30am | NW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.8 | 1023.1 | 0.2 | |
18/04:00am | NW | 8 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.8 | 1023.2 | 0.2 | |
18/03:30am | NW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.0 | 1023.4 | 0.2 | |
18/03:00am | NW | 9 | 12 | 2 | 1.5 | 9 | S | 25 | Mostly clear | Fine | 12.7 | 1023.4 | 0.2 | |
18/02:30am | NW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.5 | 1023.5 | 0.2 | |
18/02:00am | NW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.7 | 1023.7 | 0.2 | |
18/01:30am | NW | 8 | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.7 | 1023.6 | 0.2 | |
18/01:00am | NW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.8 | 1023.7 | 0.2 | |
18/12:30am | W | 10 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.2 | 1024.1 | 0.2 | |
18/12:00am | WNW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.2 | 1024.2 | 0.2 | |
Date/Time EDT |
Wind | Sea Height m |
Swell | Vis km |
Cloud | Weather | Temp °C |
Press MSL hPa |
Rain since 9am mm |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dir | Spd kts |
Gust kts |
Height m |
Period s |
Dir | |||||||||
17/11:30pm | NW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.2 | 1024.1 | 0.2 | |
17/11:00pm | NW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.3 | 1024.2 | 0.2 | |
17/10:30pm | NW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.4 | 1024.3 | 0.2 | |
17/10:00pm | WNW | 9 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.8 | 1024.4 | 0.2 | |
17/09:30pm | WNW | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.4 | 1024.3 | 0.2 | |
17/09:00pm | W | 12 | 16 | 2 | 2.0 | 9 | S | 25 | Partly cloudy | Fine | 14.9 | 1024.0 | 0.2 | |
17/08:30pm | W | 11 | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.0 | 1023.9 | 0.2 | |
17/08:00pm | WSW | 16 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.6 | 1023.5 | 0.2 | |
17/07:30pm | SW | 19 | 23 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.3 | 1023.3 | 0.2 | |
17/07:00pm | SW | 21 | 26 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.5 | 1023.0 | 0.2 | |
17/06:30pm | SW | 23 | 28 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.9 | 1022.7 | 0.2 | |
17/06:00pm | SW | 24 | 28 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.9 | 1022.4 | 0.2 | |
17/05:30pm | SW | 27 | 32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.9 | 1022.0 | 0.2 | |
17/05:00pm | SW | 26 | 31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17.1 | 1021.5 | 0.2 | |
17/04:30pm | SW | 30 | 35 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.9 | 1021.1 | 0.2 | |
17/04:00pm | SW | 27 | 32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17.4 | 1021.6 | 0.2 | |
17/03:30pm | SW | 27 | 31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17.3 | 1021.7 | 0.2 | |
17/03:00pm | SW | 25 | 31 | 3 | 3.0 | 9 | S | 40 | Partly cloudy | Fine | 17.4 | 1021.7 | 0.2 | |
17/02:30pm | SW | 27 | 33 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.9 | 1021.6 | 0.2 | |
17/02:00pm | SW | 27 | 31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.7 | 1021.4 | 0.2 | |
17/01:30pm | SW | 26 | 31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.3 | 1021.5 | 0.2 | |
17/01:00pm | SW | 22 | 32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.7 | 1021.7 | 0.2 | |
17/12:57pm | SSW | 22 | 32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.0 | 1021.6 | 0.2 | |
17/12:30pm | SSW | 27 | 32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.0 | 1021.5 | 0.2 | |
17/12:22pm | SW | 21 | 30 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.6 | 1021.6 | 0.2 | |
17/12:14pm | WSW | 18 | 30 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.2 | 1021.5 | 0.2 | |
17/12:00pm | WSW | 18 | 26 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.7 | 1021.6 | 0.2 | |
17/11:34am | WSW | 21 | 30 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.8 | 1021.3 | 0.2 | |
17/11:30am | WSW | 20 | 27 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.8 | 1021.1 | 0.2 | |
17/11:00am | W | 19 | 24 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.0 | 1021.1 | 0.2 | |
17/10:30am | WSW | 19 | 25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.3 | 1020.7 | 0.0 | |
17/10:27am | WSW | 20 | 25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.6 | 1020.8 | 0.0 | |
17/10:00am | W | 20 | 26 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.2 | 1020.0 | 0.0 | |
17/09:30am | W | 20 | 27 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.0 | 1019.3 | 0.0 | |
17/09:25am | WNW | 19 | 29 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.9 | 1019.3 | 0.0 | |
17/09:08am | WSW | 24 | 36 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.9 | 1019.0 | 0.0 | |
17/09:04am | SW | 27 | 37 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.5 | 1019.0 | 0.0 | |
17/09:00am | SW | 29 | 37 | 3 | 3.0 | 9 | S | 25 | Partly cloudy | Fine | 15.8 | 1018.7 | 13.6 | |
17/08:55am | WSW | 24 | 33 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.6 | 1018.6 | 13.6 | |
17/08:52am | WSW | 21 | 31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.3 | 1018.5 | 13.6 | |
17/08:30am | W | 21 | 26 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.8 | 1018.4 | 13.6 | |
17/08:00am | WSW | 24 | 31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.4 | 1017.5 | 13.6 | |
17/07:30am | WSW | 23 | 32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.5 | 1016.7 | 13.6 | |
17/07:00am | W | 23 | 31 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.6 | 1016.3 | 13.6 | |
17/06:39am | W | 27 | 37 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.5 | 1016.1 | 13.4 | |
17/06:30am | W | 31 | 39 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.9 | 1015.8 | 13.4 | |
17/06:21am | W | 29 | 39 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.8 | 1015.7 | 13.4 | |
17/06:00am | W | 26 | 33 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.6 | 1015.6 | 13.2 | |
17/05:30am | W | 24 | 30 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.3 | 1015.8 | 13.2 | |
17/05:00am | W | 26 | 34 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.4 | 1015.0 | 13.2 | |
17/04:30am | WSW | 28 | 33 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.5 | 1015.0 | 13.2 | |
17/04:00am | WSW | 28 | 35 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.6 | 1014.7 | 12.6 | |
17/03:33am | WSW | 31 | 41 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.4 | 1013.9 | 12.0 | |
17/03:30am | WSW | 30 | 41 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.5 | 1013.8 | 11.8 | |
17/03:26am | WSW | 26 | 37 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 11.6 | 1013.6 | 11.8 | |
17/03:15am | WSW | 21 | 32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.0 | 1013.9 | 11.6 | |
17/03:00am | WSW | 25 | 33 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.3 | 1013.8 | 11.2 | |
17/02:30am | WSW | 27 | 32 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.6 | 1013.1 | 11.2 | |
17/02:00am | WSW | 33 | 41 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 12.9 | 1012.8 | 11.2 | |
17/01:30am | WSW | 27 | 40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.4 | 1012.3 | 11.2 | |
17/01:28am | WSW | 26 | 40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.3 | 1012.4 | 11.2 | |
17/01:00am | W | 21 | 27 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.4 | 1012.0 | 11.2 | |
17/12:41am | WSW | 25 | 35 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.6 | 1011.6 | 11.2 | |
17/12:30am | WSW | 29 | 37 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.7 | 1011.7 | 11.2 | |
17/12:00am | WSW | 27 | 40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.0 | 1011.0 | 11.0 | |
Date/Time EDT |
Wind | Sea Height m |
Swell | Vis km |
Cloud | Weather | Temp °C |
Press MSL hPa |
Rain since 9am mm |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dir | Spd kts |
Gust kts |
Height m |
Period s |
Dir | |||||||||
16/11:53pm | WSW | 26 | 40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.0 | 1010.8 | 11.0 | |
16/11:30pm | WSW | 30 | 38 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.1 | 1010.8 | 11.0 | |
16/11:00pm | WSW | 31 | 39 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 13.9 | 1011.0 | 11.0 | |
16/10:45pm | SW | 30 | 40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.9 | 1010.5 | 10.6 | |
16/10:30pm | SW | 33 | 40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.6 | 1010.2 | 10.6 | |
16/10:00pm | WSW | 35 | 45 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.5 | 1010.5 | 10.4 | |
16/09:50pm | WSW | 33 | 45 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.1 | 1009.8 | 9.8 | |
16/09:30pm | WSW | 32 | 39 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.7 | 1009.8 | 8.2 | |
16/09:02pm | SW | 35 | 45 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 14.5 | 1008.8 | 7.8 | |
16/09:00pm | SW | 35 | 43 | 2 | 2.0 | 7 | S | 10 | Cloudy | Rain | 14.2 | 1009.0 | 7.8 | |
16/08:30pm | WSW | 28 | 36 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.3 | 1008.8 | 7.6 | |
16/08:00pm | SW | 33 | 41 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.2 | 1008.6 | 7.4 | |
16/07:30pm | SW | 33 | 40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.6 | 1008.3 | 6.4 | |
16/07:00pm | SW | 30 | 37 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 15.9 | 1007.4 | 5.6 | |
16/06:30pm | SW | 32 | 43 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.0 | 1007.2 | 4.2 | |
16/06:02pm | SW | 34 | 51 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.7 | 1005.5 | 1.6 | |
16/06:00pm | SW | 32 | 40 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 18.4 | 1005.8 | 1.0 | |
16/05:54pm | SW | 29 | 35 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 18.6 | 1005.2 | 1.0 | |
16/05:32pm | SW | 20 | 30 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 19.4 | 1004.7 | 0.6 | |
16/05:30pm | SW | 19 | 23 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20.2 | 1004.4 | 0.6 | |
16/05:23pm | SW | 11 | 22 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20.4 | 1004.6 | 0.6 | |
16/05:00pm | ENE | 5 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20.9 | 1003.3 | 0.2 | |
16/04:30pm | NE | 4 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 20.8 | 1002.6 | 0.2 | |
16/04:00pm | SSE | 4 | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.1 | 1002.9 | 0.0 | |
16/03:30pm | NNE | 9 | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.1 | 1002.5 | 0.0 | |
16/03:00pm | NNE | 5 | 7 | <0.5 | 0.5 | 6 | NE | 40 | Cloudy | Fine | 22.3 | 1002.9 | 0.0 | |
16/02:30pm | WSW | 2 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.8 | 1003.3 | 0.0 | |
16/02:00pm | NNE | 5 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.0 | 1003.8 | 0.0 | |
16/01:30pm | WSW | 5 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.2 | 1004.1 | 0.0 | |
16/01:00pm | WSW | 6 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.0 | 1005.0 | 0.0 | |
16/12:30pm | WSW | 6 | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.7 | 1005.4 | 0.0 | |
16/12:00pm | WSW | 10 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.6 | 1006.0 | 0.0 | |
16/11:30am | W | 9 | 10 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.2 | 1006.2 | 0.0 | |
16/11:00am | WSW | 10 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.6 | 1006.6 | 0.0 | |
16/10:30am | WSW | 11 | 15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.0 | 1007.0 | 0.0 | |
16/10:00am | WSW | 14 | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.7 | 1006.6 | 0.0 | |
16/09:30am | WSW | 13 | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.0 | 1006.9 | 0.0 | |
16/09:00am | WNW | 8 | 11 | <0.5 | 0.5 | 6 | NE | 40 | Mostly cloudy | Fine | 24.4 | 1006.5 | 0.0 | |
16/08:30am | SW | 11 | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.9 | 1006.2 | 0.0 | |
16/08:00am | WSW | 9 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.2 | 1005.4 | 0.0 | |
16/07:30am | SW | 12 | 15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.7 | 1005.3 | 0.0 | |
16/07:00am | SW | 9 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.6 | 1004.8 | 0.0 | |
16/06:30am | NNE | 11 | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.2 | 1004.1 | 0.0 | |
16/06:00am | NNE | 11 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.1 | 1004.4 | 0.0 | |
16/05:30am | NNE | 10 | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.9 | 1004.6 | 0.0 | |
16/05:00am | NNE | 15 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.8 | 1004.5 | 0.0 | |
16/04:30am | NNE | 16 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 25.3 | 1005.0 | 0.0 | |
16/04:00am | NNE | 18 | 22 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 27.5 | 1005.5 | 0.0 | |
16/03:30am | N | 21 | 25 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 27.6 | 1005.9 | 0.0 | |
16/03:00am | NNE | 19 | 23 | 1 | 1.0 | 7 | E | 25 | Mostly cloudy | Fine | 25.1 | 1006.4 | 0.0 | |
16/02:30am | NE | 19 | 21 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.5 | 1006.9 | 0.0 | |
16/02:00am | NNE | 19 | 22 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.3 | 1007.8 | 0.0 | |
16/01:30am | NNE | 17 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.9 | 1008.4 | 0.0 | |
16/01:00am | NNE | 14 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.6 | 1009.2 | 0.0 | |
16/12:30am | NNE | 16 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.4 | 1010.2 | 0.0 | |
16/12:00am | NNE | 12 | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.8 | 1011.2 | 0.0 | |
Date/Time EDT |
Wind | Sea Height m |
Swell | Vis km |
Cloud | Weather | Temp °C |
Press MSL hPa |
Rain since 9am mm |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dir | Spd kts |
Gust kts |
Height m |
Period s |
Dir | ||||||||
15/11:30pm | NNE | 9 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.1 | 1011.8 | 0.0 |
15/11:00pm | NNE | 8 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.6 | 1012.1 | 0.0 |
15/10:30pm | NNE | 10 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.1 | 1012.3 | 0.0 |
15/10:00pm | NNE | 9 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.5 | 1012.8 | 0.0 |
15/09:30pm | N | 9 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.7 | 1013.1 | 0.0 |
15/09:00pm | NNE | 10 | 11 | <0.5 | 0.5 | 7 | SE | 25 | Cloudy | Fine | 21.5 | 1013.0 | 0.0 |
15/08:30pm | NNE | 9 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.7 | 1012.9 | 0.0 |
15/08:00pm | NNE | 10 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.5 | 1012.9 | 0.0 |
15/07:30pm | NNE | 9 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.0 | 1012.8 | 0.0 |
15/07:00pm | NNE | 11 | 13 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.9 | 1012.8 | 0.0 |
15/06:30pm | NNE | 12 | 14 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.4 | 1012.9 | 0.0 |
15/06:00pm | NNE | 13 | 15 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 22.5 | 1012.8 | 0.0 |
15/05:30pm | NNE | 13 | 16 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.0 | 1013.0 | 0.0 |
15/05:00pm | NNE | 15 | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.5 | 1013.0 | 0.0 |
15/04:30pm | NNE | 15 | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.0 | 1013.3 | 0.0 |
15/04:00pm | NNE | 15 | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.5 | 1013.6 | 0.0 |
15/03:30pm | NE | 16 | 19 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.5 | 1013.9 | 0.0 |
15/03:00pm | NNE | 17 | 19 | 1 | 1.0 | 7 | SE | 25 | Mostly cloudy | Fine | 24.1 | 1014.3 | 0.0 |
15/02:30pm | NNE | 15 | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 24.1 | 1014.7 | 0.0 |
15/02:00pm | NE | 15 | 17 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.5 | 1015.2 | 0.0 |
15/01:30pm | NE | 18 | 21 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.3 | 1015.4 | 0.0 |
15/01:00pm | NNE | 18 | 20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 24.2 | 1015.6 | 0.0 |
15/12:30pm | NE | 15 | 18 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 24.0 | 1015.9 | 0.0 |
15/12:00pm | NNE | 17 | 20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.2 | 1016.4 | 0.0 |
15/11:30am | NNE | 18 | 21 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.5 | 1016.8 | 0.0 |
15/11:00am | NNE | 15 | 21 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.4 | 1016.8 | 0.0 |
15/10:57am | NNE | 15 | 20 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.1 | 1016.9 | 0.0 |
15/10:30am | NNE | 6 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 23.2 | 1017.3 | 0.0 |
15/10:00am | WSW | 4 | 6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.1 | 1018.0 | 0.0 |
15/09:30am | NNE | 9 | 12 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 21.9 | 1017.9 | 0.0 |
15/09:00am | NNE | 8 | 10 | <0.5 | 0.5 | 7 | SE | 20 | Mostly cloudy | Fine | 19.8 | 1018.0 | 0.0 |
15/08:30am | NNE | 8 | 11 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 19.1 | 1018.3 | 0.0 |
15/08:00am | NNE | 6 | 9 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17.9 | 1018.4 | 0.0 |
15/07:30am | NNE | 4 | 5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 17.3 | 1018.6 | 0.0 |
15/07:00am | N | 7 | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.9 | 1018.4 | 0.0 |
15/06:30am | N | 7 | 8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 16.3 | 1018.3 | 0.0 |
Other formats
Comma delimited format used in spreadsheet applications
http://www.bom.gov.au/fwo/IDV60701/IDV60701.94933.axf
JavaScript Object Notation format (JSON) in row-major order
http://www.bom.gov.au/fwo/IDV60701/IDV60701.94933.json
Data quality
Most of these data are generated automatically and are frequently updated. Quality checks on data are not normally performed. It is possible for incorrect values to appear. Refer to information at About Latest Weather Observations and please check the disclaimer before using these data.