Sydney
Urban Water - Sydney Water Corporation
Summary of the water distribution system
Figure 1 and tables 1–7 summarise the water distribution for Sydney Water Corporation (SWC) for 2009-10. The tables provide a breakdown for values shown in Figure 1. Notes for the values provided in tables 1–7 are available after Table 7.
Figure1. Diagram of water distribution summary for Sydney Water Corporation for 2009–10
| Item | Sources of water | Volume (ML) | Note identifier | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Delivered via the water supply system | Water sourced from external entity | Not applicable | |
| 2 | Water sourced from surface water | 485,698 | SWC_U1 | |
| 3 | Water sourced from groundwater | Not applicable | ||
| 4 | Water sourced from desalination | 19,952 | SWC_U3 | |
| 5 | Water sourced from recycling | Not applicable | ||
| 6 | Total water sourced | 505,650 | Items (2+4) |
| Item | Water usage | Volume (ML) | Note identifier |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Residential – potable water | 326,826 | SWC_U9 |
| 2 | Residential – nonpotable water | 0 | |
| 3 | Commercial, industrial, municipal – potable water | 108,738 | SWC_U10 |
| 4 | Commercial, industrial, municipal – nonpotable water | 0 | |
| 5 | Agricultural – potable water | 5,336 | SWC_U11 for agriculture |
| 6 | Other supplies – potable water | 29,427 | SWC_U11 for other |
| 7 | Total water use | 470,327 | Sum of items 1 to 6 |
| Item | Losses | Volume (ML) | Note identifier |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Losses from potable, nonpotable water supplies | 35,323 | SWC_U15 & U17 |
| 2 | Losses from recycled water supplies | Not available | |
| 3 | Total water losses | 35,323 | Item 1 |
| Item | Wastewater collected and treated | Volume (ML) | Note identifier |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Wastewater collected within the entity | 480,551 | SWC_U19a* |
| 2 | Wastewater collected from external entity | 0 | |
| 3 | Total wastewater collected and treated | 480,551 | Item 1 |
| Item | Wastewater discharged | Volume (ML) | Note identifier |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Treated wastewater discharged to surface water | 51,834 | SWC_U22 |
| 2 | Treated wastewater discharged to ocean | 395,034 | SWC_U23 |
| 3 | Total volume discharged | 446,868 | Items (1 + 2) |
| Item | Recycled water produced and supplied | Volume (ML) | Note identifier |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Total recycled water produced | 33,683 | SWC_U30 |
| 2 | Recycled water supplied to residential | 2,209 | SWC_U31 |
| 3 | Recycled water supplied to commercial, industrial, municipal | 7,537 | SWC_U32 |
| 4 | Recycled water supplied to agricultural | 5,643 | SWC_U33 for agriculture |
| 5 | Recycled water supplied to environment | 1,980 | SWC_U33 for irrigation |
| 6 | Recycled water use on-site / in-process | 16,314 | SWC_U34 |
| 7 | Total recycled water supplied | 17,369* | Items (2+3+4+5)* |
| Item | Component | Volume (ML) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Water use from potable and nonpotable water supply | 470,327 | Table 2 |
| 2 | Water use from recycled water supply | 17,369 | Table 6 |
| 3 | Total water use | 487,696 | Items (1 + 2) |
U1 Volume of water taken from surface water for water supply
SWC_U1 See the following table for volumes
Data source
Data managed and maintained in an internal data management system by Sydney Water Corporation’s Operations Division (Hydraulic Systems Services).
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
This item represents the total volume of surface water taken for water supply. The following table presents volumes of potable water produced at water treatment plants. The table presents volumes recorded by the bulk supplier, the Sydney Catchment Authority (SCA), to the water treatment plants and received volumes recorded by Sydney Water Corporation. Supplies to North Richmond Water Treatment Plant (WTP), as well as water delivery from the plant, are made by Sydney Water Corporation.
| Surface water taken at water treatment plants | Volume recorded by the Sydney Catchment Authority (ML) | Volume recorded by Sydney Water Corporation (ML) |
|---|---|---|
| Cascade | 3,897 | 3,496 |
| Illawarra | 29,912 | 30,857 |
| Macarthur | 25,883 | 25,343 |
| Nepean | 3,770 | 3,536 |
| Orchard Hills | 21002 | 21,332 |
| Prospect | 374,505 | 376,007 |
| Warragamba | 1,145 | 1,103 |
| Woronora | 18,108 | 17,959 |
| Subtotal | 478,222 | 479,633 |
| North Richmond (volume recorded by Sydney Water Corporation) | 6,065 | |
| Total volume | 484,287 | 485,698 |
Volumes from SCA are based on full-bore magnetic flow meter readings to measure water diverted to urban utilities from the storage reservoirs. Sources of SCA data include invoices to retail water utilities, the daily returns system database and Integrated Instrumentation Control Automation and Telemetry System (IICATS) meter readings.
Sydney Water Corporation volumes are derived from metered outflow data from water treatment plants. The flow meter data are continually monitored and recorded using IICATS. The data are stored within an internal data management system. Adjustments are made to the data (if necessary) to correct any interruptions, errors and so on. Data have been extracted for the reporting period from the data management system.
Although this UrbanSAT note is based on data provided by Sydney Water Corporation the accounting statements for the Sydney Region show the volumes recorded by the bulk supplier, to maintain consistency in calculating (see Line item 14.7.4). The data suppliers suggest limits of meter accuracy as the cause for the difference.
Uncertainty
Volumes for both SCA and Sydney Water Corporation have been based on measured data. Estimated accuracy based on meter accuracy is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
The output volume recorded by Sydney Water Corporation at the Illawarra WTP includes an unfiltered component of 4,660 ML.
U3 Volume of water taken (import) from desalination for water supply
SWC_U3 19,952 ML
Data source
Data managed and maintained in an internal data management system by Sydney Water Corporation’s Operations Division (Hydraulic Systems Services).
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
This item represents the total volume of desalinated water taken for water supply from the Kurnell Desalination Plant. The volume is derived from metered data on output volume of desalinated water from the plant.
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
In order to produce and supply 19,952 ML of desalinated water, an estimated volume of 67,061 ML of salt water was drawn from the sea. The residual hypersaline concentrate (approximately 47,109 ML) was returned to the sea.
U9 Volume of potable water supplied for residential use
SWC_U9 326,826 ML
Data source
Table 13 of Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
This item represents the total volume of potable water supplied for residential use. Sydney Water Corporation uses a water balance approach to determine volume of potable water supplied from the potable water supply system (Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10). The water balance is a reconciliation of the volume of water produced by the water treatment plants with all known and estimated end uses.
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data and the water balance. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy and professional judgment is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
Nil.
U10 Volume of potable water supplied for commercial, industrial and municipal uses
SWC_U10 108,738 ML
Data source
Table 13 of Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
This item represents the total volume of potable water supplied for commercial, industrial and municipal use. The volume derived is based on the water balance method described in Table 13 of the Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10. The water balance is a reconciliation of the volume of water produced by the water treatment plants with all known and estimated end uses.
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data and the water balance. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy and professional judgment is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
Nil.
U11 Volume of potable water supplied other than for residential, commercial, municipal and industrial uses
SWC_U11 34,763 ML
The volume comprises 5,336 ML for agriculture and29,427 ML for other uses, including non-metered, unbilled components (see the table below for the details).
Data source
Tables 12 and 13 of Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
This item represents the total volume of potable water supplied other than for residential, commercial, industrial and municipal use. The volume includes the following components derived from water balance calculations and the measured data at each water treatment plant. The water balance is a reconciliation of the volume of water produced by the water treatment plants with all known and estimated end uses.
| Component | Volume (ML) | Source* |
|---|---|---|
| Billed metered primary producers | 5,336 | Derived from water balance in Table 13 |
| Billed metered other | 8,756 | Derived from water balance in Table 13 |
| Billed unmetered | 2,545 | Estimate used in water balance in the water balance in Table 13 |
| Unbilled metered and unbilled | 4,693 | Estimate used in water balance in the water balance in Table 13 |
| Unauthorised | 502 | Estimate used in water balance in the water balance in Table 12 |
| Meter under-registration | 9,180 | Estimate used in water balance in the water balance in Table 12 |
| Water balance—billing cycle | 3,586 | Measured data at each water treatment plant and Table 12 |
| Unexplained difference | 165 | Unexplained difference based on a reconciliation of the volume of water produced by the water treatment plants with all known and estimated end uses |
| Total | 34,763 |
* All tables are from the Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Uncertainty
Ungraded.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
The component ‘billed primary producers’ (5,336 ML) is taken as ‘supply to agriculture’, and total of the remaining components (29,427 ML) is taken as ‘other supplies including non-metered, unbilled components’.
U15 Background leakage from potable water supply system
and
U17 Other losses (e.g. pipe bursts) from potable water supply system
Background leakage represents water loss from the system in slow, diffuse or continuous egress forms. A burst is a rupture at a point in the system that generally results in loss of water in fast, point-based, or event-based egress forms.
Data provided as U15 and U17 are used for representing the total loss due to background leakage and pipe bursts from the potable water supply system. A breakdown on these items is not available. The total volume of leakage and loss is taken as an input to the ‘Landscape’ water store as the breakdown of the component entering ‘groundwater’ is not available separately.
SWC_U15 and SWC_U17 35,323 ML
Data source
Tables 12 and 13 of Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
Sydney Water Corporation uses a global water balance approach to determine leakage and loss from the potable water supply system. The water balance is a reconciliation of the volume of water produced by the water treatment plants with all known and estimated end uses. The remainder is classified as leakage.
Uncertainty
Measured and estimated data used in the water balance calculation contribute to uncertainty of leakage volumes. As leakage volumes calculated via a water balance are proportionally small, residual errors tend to be magnified. The uncertainty band on leakage as calculated by an annual water balance is estimated to be about +/–25% with a 95% confidence limit.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
Nil.
U19a Volume of wastewater collected
Note: Information used in U19b is assumed to be applicable to U19a, losses from wastewater treatment process is assumed to be negligible.
U19b Volume of wastewater treated
The item represents wastewater collected and treated at Sydney Water Corporation’s wastewater treatment plants and water recycling plants. The item comprises two components:
- U19b Component 1 is the volume derived from the addition of the total volume of (treated) wastewater discharged to surface water, to the sea and the volume of recycled water produced for supply (464,237 ML)
- U19b Component 2 is the volume derived from measured data on recycled water used on-site (16 314 ML; see U34).
- SWC_U19b (Component 1) + SWC_U19b (Component 2) = 480,551 ML.
Data source
Component 1: Data managed and maintained in an internal data management system by Sydney Water Corporation’s Operations Division (Systems Assurance).
Component 2: Data sourced from DataMart data management system and presented in Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
The total volume of wastewater collected and treated at Sydney Water Corporation’s wastewater treatment plants and water recycling plants is derived as follows:
- Component 1 (see the following table for the breakdown based on Component 1) = 464,237 ML, which is an estimated volume derived from the addition of :
-
- total volume of (treated) wastewater discharged to surface water
- total volume of (treated) wastewater discharged to the sea
- volume of recycled water produced for supply.
- Component 2 = 16,314 ML, which is the volume derived from measured data, sourced from DataMart, on recycled water used on-site (see U34 for the breakdown).
| Plant type | Wastewater treatment plant | Volume of effluent treated (excluding volume treated for on-site use)(ML) | Where the treated effluent was discharged to |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water recycling | Bombo | 1,412 | Sea |
| Castle Hill | 2,745 | Surface water | |
| Gerroa | 289 | Sea | |
| Glenfield | 101 | Surface water | |
| Liverpool | 1,501 | Surface water | |
| Penrith | 8,376 | Surface water | |
| Picton | 466 | Surface water | |
| Quakers Hill | 11,568 | Surface water | |
| Richmond | 576 | Surface water | |
| Rouse Hill | 5,722 | Surface water | |
| St Marys | 12,546 | Surface water | |
| West Camden | 3,578 | Surface water | |
| Wollongong | 18,948 | Sea | |
| Wastewater treatment | Bellambi* | 356 | Sea |
| Bondi | 44,548 | Sea | |
| Brooklyn | 75 | Surface water | |
| Cronulla | 18,865 | Sea | |
| Fairfield* | 872 | Surface water | |
| Hornsby Heights | 2,106 | Surface water | |
| Malabar | 171,557 | Sea | |
| North Head | 133,570 | Sea | |
| North Richmond | 292 | Surface water | |
| Port Kembla* | 505 | Sea | |
| Riverstone | 600 | Surface water | |
| Shellharbour | 6,056 | Sea | |
| Wallacia | 211 | Surface water | |
| Warriewood | 5,811 | Sea | |
| West Hornsby | 4,520 | Surface water | |
| Winmalee | 6,465 | Surface water | |
| Total |
464,237 |
||
* A wet-weather wastewater treatment plant, which is only used during major storms.
Volumes for both components have been derived from metered outflow data from the plants. The flow meter data are continually monitored and recorded using the Integrated Instrumentation Control Automation and Telemetry System (IICATS). The data are stored within an internal data management system. Adjustments are made to the data (if necessary) to correct any interruptions, errors and so on. From the data management system, data have been extracted for the reporting period.
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
The volume does not include water losses in the treatment process including biosolid removal, de-watering and evaporation.
Total wastewater treated can include net ingress from stormwater and groundwater.
At wet-weather wastewater treatment plants, wastewater treated usually also includes a certain volume of stormwater.
U22 Volume of (treated) wastewater discharged to surface water
SWC_U22 51,834 ML
Data source
Data managed and maintained in an internal data management system by the Sydney Water Corporation’s Operations Division (Systems Assurance).
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
The item represents the total metered volume of treated wastewater discharge to surface water from wastewater treatment plants and water recycling plants managed by Sydney Water Corporation.
The flow of wastewater from the plants is measured using flow meters. These measured data are continually monitored and recorded using the Integrated Instrumentation Control Automation and Telemetry System (IICATS). The data is stored within an internal data management system. Adjustments are made to the data (if necessary) to correct any interruptions, errors and so on. From the data management system, data have been extracted for the reporting period.
| Plant type | Name of the plant | Discharging to watercourse | Volume discharged during 2009–10 (ML) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water recycling | Castle Hill | Cattai Creek | 2,645 |
| Glenfield | Georges River | 101 | |
| Liverpool | Georges River | 1,361 | |
| Penrith | Boundary Creek | 8,356 | |
| Picton | Stonequarry Creek | 0 | |
| Quakers Hill | Breakfast Creek | 11,369 | |
| Richmond | Rickabys Creek | 223 | |
| Rouse Hill | Second Ponds Creek | 3,513 | |
| St Marys | South Creek | 7,999 | |
| West Camden | Matahil Creek | 1,126 | |
| Wastewater treatment | Brooklyn | Hawkesbury River | 75 |
| Fairfield | Orphan School Creek | 872 | |
| Hornsby Heights | Calna Creek | 2,106 | |
| North Richmond | Redbank Creek | 292 | |
| Riverstone | Eastern Creek | 600 | |
| Wallacia | Warragamba River | 211 | |
| West Hornsby | Waitara Creek | 4,520 | |
| Winmalee | Nepean River | 6,465 | |
| Total | 51,834 |
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
The discharges from Sydney Water Corporation’s treatment plants must comply with licences issued by the Australian Government Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (DECCW). These licences specify the quantity and quality of treated wastewater that can be released to rivers and the ocean. The level of treatment ranges from primary to tertiary.
U23 Volume of (treated) wastewater discharged to sea or out of entity
SWC_U23 395,034 ML
Data source
Data managed and maintained in an internal data management system by the Sydney Water Corporation’s Operations Division (Systems Assurance).
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
The value represents the total volume of treated wastewater discharged to the sea from wastewater treatment plants and water recycling plants managed by Sydney Water Corporation. The value is based on flow meter readings.
The flow of wastewater from the plants is measured using flow meters. These measured data are continually monitored and recorded using the Integrated Instrumentation Control Automation and Telemetry System (IICATS). The data are stored within an internal data management system. Adjustments are made to the data (if necessary) to correct any interruptions, errors and so on. From the data management system, data have been extracted for the reporting period.
| Plant type | Name of the plant | Discharge to sea volume (ML) |
|---|---|---|
| Wastewater treatment | Bellambi | 356 |
| Port Kembla | 505 | |
| Warriewood | 5,811 | |
| Shellharbour | 6,056 | |
| Cronulla | 18,865 | |
| Bondi | 44,548 | |
| North Head | 133,570 | |
| Malabar | 171,557 | |
| Water recycling | Gerroa | 148 |
| Bombo | 1,327 | |
| Wollongong | 12,291 | |
| Total | 395,034 |
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
The discharges from Sydney Water Corporation’s treatment plants must comply with licences issued by the Australian Government Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water (DECCW). These licences specify the quantity and quality of treated wastewater that can be released to rivers and the ocean. The level of treatment ranges from primary to tertiary.
U30 Volume of recycled water produced from sewage
SWC_U30 33,683 ML
Data source
Metered data reported in Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
This item represents the total volume of recycled water produced at water recycling plants managed by Sydney Water Corporation. The total is derived by the addition of:
- the metered volume of 17,369 ML recycled water produced for supplies as specified in U31, U32 and U33 (see the table below)
- an estimated volume of 1,314 ML recycled water used on-site (see U34).
| Water recycling plant | Recycled water Volume (ML) |
|---|---|
| Bombo | 85 |
| Castle Hill | 100 |
| Gerroa | 141 |
| Glenfield | 0 |
| Liverpool | 140 |
| Picton | 466 |
| Penrith | 20 |
| Quakers Hill | 199 |
| Richmond | 353 |
| Rouse Hill | 2,209 |
| St Marys | 4,547 |
| West Camden | 2,452 |
| Wollongong | 6,657 |
| Total (excluding on-site use) | 17,369 |
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
Total volume of recycled water produced from sewage is assumed to be equal to the volume of recycled water supplied for use (metered) and the estimated volume of recycled water used on-site.
U31 Volume of recycled water supplied for residential uses
SWC_U31 2,209 ML
Data source
Metered data reported in Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
This item represents the total metered volume of recycled water supplied for residential use.
| Water recycling plant | Recycled water supplied volume (ML) |
|---|---|
| Rouse Hill | 2,209 |
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
Nil.
U32 Volume of recycled water supplied for commercial, industrial and municipal uses
SWC_U32 7,537 ML
Data source
Metered data reported in Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
This item represents the total metered volume of recycled water supplied for commercial, industrial and municipal uses. The total volume includes:
- 6,605 ML supplied for industrial uses
- 880 ML used for municipal uses.
| Water recycling plant | Volume supplied (ML) | Recycled water use |
|---|---|---|
| Wollongong | 6,657 | Industrial |
| Bombo | 85 | Municipal |
| Castle Hill | 100 | |
| Liverpool | 140 | |
| Penrith | 20 | |
| Quakers Hill | 98 | |
| Richmond | 353 | |
| St Marys | 84 | |
| Total | 7,537 |
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
Nil.
U33 Volume of recycled water supplied other than for residential, commercial, municipal and industrial uses
SWC_U33: 7,623 ML (including 5,643 ML as SWC_U33 for agriculture; and 1,980 ML as SWC_U33 for environment).
Data source
Metered data reported in Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
This item represents the total metered volume of recycled water supplied other than for residential, commercial, industrial and municipal uses. The total volume includes:
- 5,643 ML supplied for agricultural uses
- 1,980 ML of recycled water released from St Marys Water Recycling Plant to Boundary Creek (a tributary of the Nepean River).
The volumes have been extracted from measured data used in Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10. Measured data are based on flow meter readings at water recycling plants.
The flow meter data are continually monitored and recorded using the Integrated Instrumentation Control Automation and Telemetry System (IICATS). The data are stored within an internal data management system. Adjustments are made to the data (if necessary) to correct any interruptions, errors and so on. Data have been extracted for the reporting period from the data management system.
| Water recycling plant | Volume supplied (ML) | Recycled water end use |
|---|---|---|
| Gerroa | 141 | Agriculture |
| Picton | 466 | |
| Quakers Hill | 101 | |
| St Mary’s | 2,483 | |
| West Camden | 627 | |
| West Camden | 1,825 | |
| St Marys | 1,980 | Environment |
| Total | 7,623 |
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
Nil.
U34 Volume of recycled water used on-site or in-process
SWC_U34 16,314 ML
Data source
Data sourced from DataMart data management system and presented in Sydney Water Corporation’s Water Conservation and Recycling Implementation Report 2009–10.
Data provider
Sydney Water Corporation.
Method
This item represents the total metered volume of recycled water used on-site. The total volume has been derived from measured data, sourced from DataMartdata management system, on recycled water used on-site at each treatment plant.
| Wastewater treatment plant/water recycling plant | Recycled water use on-site (ML) |
|---|---|
| Bellambi | 0 |
| Bombo | 85 |
| Bondi | 1,464 |
| Brooklyn | 46 |
| Castle Hill | 294 |
| Cronulla | 1,076 |
| Fairfield | 0 |
| Gerroa | 102 |
| Glenfield | 3,028 |
| Hornsby Heights | 483 |
| Liverpool | 1,215 |
| Malabar | 607 |
| North Head | 2,583 |
| North Richmond | 5 |
| Penrith | 301 |
| Picton | 3 |
| Port Kembla | 0 |
| Quakers Hill | 133 |
| Richmond | 101 |
| Riverstone | 399 |
| Rouse Hill | 553 |
| Shellharbour | 486 |
| St Marys | 1,022 |
| Wallacia | 23 |
| Warriewood | 567 |
| West Camden | 424 |
| West Hornsby | 215 |
| Winmalee | 86 |
| Wollongong | 1,013 |
| Total | 16,314 |
Uncertainty
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy is +/–2%.
Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations
Information is not available to clarify whether this volume of recycled water was used for either on-site indoor purposes, or on-site outdoor or irrigation purposes.