Canberra: Supporting information
- Rainfall during the 2021–22 year was the third highest on record, contributing to extremely high runoff and storage inflows across the region.
- Total storage at 30 June 2022 was 100% full for the second consecutive year.
- 8% of surface water allocations and 7% of groundwater allocations were taken in 2021-22, all for individual users.
For further information on the region's water accounting statements scroll down this page or click on the links below:
Water assets

- Total water asset volumes in the region at 30 June 2022 were 328 GL, 86% of which is water held in surface water storages.
- Around 13% of the water assets are held in rivers, lakes and wetlands, while the remaining 1% of water assets are part of the urban water supply system.
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | |
Bendora | 11,446 | 11,446 | 9,506 | 5,038 | 9,094 | 8,111 | 8,101 | 10,508 | 9,841 | 8,119 | 9,319 |
Corin | 70,787 | 70,787 | 30,332 | 16,827 | 23,478 | 43,554 | 27,436 | 26,905 | 42,891 | 42,333 | 70,787 |
Cotter | 76,196 | 76,196 | 57,487 | 62,067 | 72,762 | 74,366 | 75,033 | 63,850 | 41,759 | 6,360 | 3,844 |
Googong | 119,409 | 119,409 | 55,439 | 73,147 | 86,395 | 107,950 | 119,409 | 119,409 | 119,409 | 119,409 | 119,409 |
Accessible total | 277,838 | 277,838 | 152,764 | 157,079 | 191,729 | 233,981 | 229,979 | 220,672 | 213,900 | 176,221 | 203,359 |
Dead storage | 5,058 | 5,058 | 5,058 | 5,058 | 5,058 | 5,058 | 5,058 | 5,058 | 5,058 | 5,058 | 1,880 |
Total storage | 282,896 | 282,896 | 157,822 | 162,137 | 196,787 | 239,039 | 235,037 | 225,730 | 218,958 | 181,279 | 205,239 |
Total capacity | 282,898 | 282,898 | 282,898 | 282,898 | 282,898 | 282,898 | 282,898 | 282,898 | 282,898 | 282,898 | 207,380 |
% full | 100.0% | 100.0% | 55.8% | 57.3% | 69.6% | 84.5% | 83.1% | 79.8% | 77.4% | 64.1% | 99.0% |
- Storage volumes remained stable at 100% from 30 June 2021 to 30 June 2022.
- This is the second year running that end-of-year storages have remained stable at 100%.
- In 2013, the Cotter Dam was enlarged, increasing the region's total storage capacity to better deal with water demand during periods of drought (see 2013 Account).
- Due to extraordinary rainfall and flooding in March 2012, the Cotter Dam spilled during construction. In July 2016, the newly constructed dam spilled for the first time.
Figure S1 Percentage-full volume on 30 June 2022
for each storage and total daily storage volume from 2009–2022 (inset)
- Storage volume remained at, or near, 100% for the 2021-22 year following the region's third wettest year on record.
- None of the storages fell below 95% throughout the entire year, reflecting the continuous rainfall events which occurred over the region during the 2021-22 year.
- More detailed information on the individual storages within the region is available on the Bureau of Meteorology's Water Storage website.
Water liabilities

- Water liabilities in the Canberra region refer to the volume of allocation remaining on licence entitlements at the end of the 2021-22 year.
Description | Surface water (ML) | |
Opening balance at 1 July 2021 | 0 | |
add | Allocation | 9,255 |
less | Allocated diversion | 782 |
less | Adjustment and forfeiture | 8,473 |
Closing balance at 30 June 2022 | 0 |
Description | Groundwater (ML) | |
Opening balance at 1 July 2021 | 0 | |
add | Allocation | 4,646 |
less | Allocated extraction | 319 |
less | Adjustment and forfeiture | 4,327 |
Closing balance at 30 June 2022 | 0 |
- The water supply licences for the region have a water management year that ends on 30 June. The portion of water allocation that has not been abstracted at the end of the water year is either forfeited or is carried over into the next water year.
- For individual users and the urban licence entitlement the unused portion of the allocation is assumed to be forfeited and the allocation remaining at the end of the year was 0 ML.
- A more detailed description of water allocations in the Canberra region is given in the Water use section below.
Water flows

- Total water inflows into the Canberra urban region was 2,337 GL, 81% more than last year.
- Surface water inflows contributed 2,143 GL (92%) of total water inflows. Inflow from outside the region contributed to 57% of the total surface water inflows.
- Groundwater inflows contributed 99 GL (4%) of total water inflows. Recharge from surface water contributed to 97% of the total groundwater inflows.
- Urban water inflows contributed 95 GL (4%) of total water inflows. Wastewater collected contributed to 52% of the total urban water inflows.
- Total water outflows from the Canberra urban region was 2,824 GL, 102% more than last year.
- Surface water outflows contributed 2,734 GL (97%) of total water outflows. Outflow contributed to 91% of the total surface water outflows.
- Groundwater outflows contributed 1 GL (<1%) of total water outflows. Extraction of statutory rights contributed to 58% of the total groundwater outflows.
- Urban water outflows contributed 90 GL (3%) of total water outflows. Treated wastewater discharge to surface water contributed to 49% of the total urban water outflows.
- A more detailed breakdown of inflows and outflows is given in the Statement of Changes in Water Assets and Water Liabilities for the Canberra urban region.
Water availability
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | |
Water availability | 1,151,902 | 902,532 | 321,694 | 350,229 | 465,387 | 654,598 | 645,710 | 596,252 | 575,622 | 537,565 |
Water accessible | 55,140 | 59,069 | 65,131 | 61,554 | 60,164 | 56,205 | 56,838 | 54,360 | 54,497 | 49,670 |
Water taken | 46,667 | 50,747 | 58,662 | 56,148 | 55,300 | 52,765 | 53,824 | 49,735 | 51,260 | 49,486 |
- Physical surface water availability is calculated as the sum of storage volumes at the start of the year (see Water assets) and estimated inflows into storages and rivers during the year.
- Surface water availability in the Canberra region in 2021-22 was the highest on record, reflecting the region's wettest 24-month period since records began in 1900. As physical water availability is much higher than the region's water needs, water allocations vary little between years.
- Surface water accessible is calculated as the sum of surface water allocations and other statutory rights, plus carryover at the start of the year.
- Water taken during the year is influenced by the physical water available. Typically, water taken from surface water resources is lower than water availability and water accessible.
- During the 2021-22 year, surface water accessible for take and water taken from surface water resources was at its lowest since 2013-14, likely influenced by the region's saturated catchments, meaning there was less demand for consumptive use during the year.
Water use

Consumptive use
Surface water | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
Individual users | 782 | 933 | 2,784 | 2,890 |
Urban system | 45,390 | 49,319 | 55,383 | 52,961 |
Statutory rights | 495 | 495 | 495 | 297 |
Total | 46,667 | 50,747 | 58,662 | 56,148 |
Groundwater | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
Individual users | 319 | 549 | 1,064 | 763 |
Statutory rights | 434 | 434 | 435 | 435 |
Total | 753 | 983 | 1,499 | 1,198 |
- Water taken from surface water and groundwater resources for consumptive use was 47,420ML
- Total surface water diverted in the region was 46,667 ML, a slight decrease from the previous year.
- 97% of the total surface water diverted was for the urban system, while the remaining 3% was supplied to individual users under allocated diversions and statutory rights.
- Total groundwater extracted in the region was 753 ML, a slight decrease from the previous year.
- All groundwater extractions were for individual users; 42% of the extractions were allocated extractions while 58% was made under a statutory right.
Allocations and diversions
Surface water | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
Individual users | ||||
Carryover | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Allocated announcements | 9,255 | 9,255 | 9,253 | 8,296 |
Allocated diversions | 782 | 933 | 2,784 | 2,890 |
% used | 8% | 10% | 30% | 35% |
- In 2021-22, total surface water allocation (not including urban water supply) was 9,255 ML, with 8% of the allocated surface water taken.
- Allocated diversions were less than the previous year. This could be attributed to the increase in rainfall and soil moisture.
Groundwater | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 |
Individual users | ||||
Carryover | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Allocated announcements | 4,646 | 4,698 | 2,448 | 2,537 |
Allocated extractions | 319 | 549 | 1,064 | 763 |
% used | 7% | 12% | 43% | 30% |
- In 2021-22, total groundwater allocation was 4,646 ML, all for private and commercial use.
- 7% of the allocated groundwater was taken.
- Allocated extractions for individual users were less than the previous year.
Urban supply system
2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | |
Surface water | 45,390 | 49,319 | 55,383 | 52,961 | 52,198 | 49,958 | 50,403 | 47,115 | 48,695 | 47,838 | 41,790 | 40,944 |
Total urban water supplied | 45,390 | 49,319 | 55,383 | 52,961 | 52,198 | 49,958 | 50,403 | 47,115 | 48,695 | 47,838 | 41,790 | 40,944 |
- Total inflow to the urban water supply system was 45,390 ML, approximately 8% less than the previous year.
- Surface water diversions from the region's storages made up 100% of the urban supply.
Water restrictions

- Icon Water introduced permanent water conservation measures for potable water use in November 2010, which govern how water can be used on gardens and lawns and for pool filling, car washing, and cleaning.
- For more information, refer to the Bureau of Meteorology's Water Restrictions website.