Friday 30 January 2026 - Annual Climate Summary for Remote Islands and Antarctica - Product code IDCKGC5RL0
Remote Islands and Antarctica in 2025
Jump to a map of the areas covered in this summary
Australia's Indian Ocean islands
- The annual rainfall total at Cocos Island Airport was 2332.8 mm, this was 119 % of the annual average of 1966.8 mm.
- It was Cocos Island Airport's equal-fifth warmest year on record at 27.5 °C. The warmest year on record was 2024 at 28.0 °C.
- At Cocos Island Airport the mean maximum temperature was 29.8 °C, 0.7 °C above the annual average and the mean maximum temperature was 23.4 °C, 0.5 °C above the annual average.
- The total annual rainfall at Christmas Island Aero in 2025 was 2639.8 mm, this was 120% of the annual average of 2205.8 mm.
- The mean temperature for Christmas Island Aero in 2025 was 25.6 °C, the equal fifth-warmest on record. The warmest year on record was 2024 at 26.0 °C.
- The mean maximum temperature at Christmas Island Aero was 0.4 °C above the annual average at 27.8 °C and the mean minimum temperature was 0.5 °C above the annual average at 23.2 °C.
Australia's Pacific Ocean islands
- Norfolk Island Aero recorded 1529.2 mm of rainfall during the year, which was above the annual average of 1282.7 mm and the stations highest rainfall total since 2022.
- This was the second consecutive year that Norfolk Island Aero had its warmest year on record with a mean annual temperature in 2025 of 20.3 °C. The previous record was 20.1 °C in 2004. The mean temperature in April, May July, October and November was the warmest on record.
- It was Norfolk Island Arero's warmest annual maximum temperature on record at 22.9 °C. The previous record was 22.8 °C in 2024.
- The annual mean minimum temperature at Norfolk Island was 17.8 °C, this was the warmest annual minimum temperature on record. The previous record was 17.7 °C in 2022.
- At Lord Howe Island Aero the annual rainfall total was 1441.4 mm which was close to its annual average of 1477.6 mm.
- It was Lord Howe Island Aero's second-warmest year on record at 20.5 °C, this followed the warmest year on record in 2024 at 20.7 °C.
- The annual mean maximum temperature at Lord Howe Island Aero was 0.8 °C above average at 23.1 °C and the mean annual minimum temperature was 0.6 °C above average at 17.8 °C.
Australia's Antarctic and sub-Antarctic territories
- The strongest wind gust recorded at an Australian Antarctic station during the year was 207 km/h at Casey on the evening of 11 August
- The mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures at Casey were close or equal to the annual average respectively while at Davis and Mawson, both the mean maximum and minimum temperature were above the long-term average.
- Macquarie Island recorded 1215.0 mm of precipitation during the year, which was above its annual average of 1007.5 mm.
- The annual mean maximum temperature at Macquarie Island was 0.7 °C above average at 7.3 °C and the annual mean minimum temperature was 0.6 °C above average at 3.7 °C.
- The strongest wind gust this year at Macquarie Island was 128 km/hr on the morning of 3 February.
Extremes Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Record highest year mean maximum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for year |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 22.9 | 22.8 | in 2024 | 85 | 21.6 |
| Record highest year mean minimum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for year |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 17.8 | 17.7 | in 2022 | 85 | 16.4 |
| Record highest year mean temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for year |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 20.3 | 20.1 | in 2024 | 85 | 19.0 |
Extremes Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Summary statistics for 2025 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum temperatures (°C) |
Minimum temperatures (°C) |
Rainfall (millimetres) |
||||||||||
| Mean for year 2025 |
Diff from average |
Highest for year 2025 |
Mean for year 2025 |
Diff from average |
Lowest for year 2025 |
Total for year 2025 |
Average for year |
Rank of year 2025 |
Fraction of year average |
|||
| Offshore Islands | ||||||||||||
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 23.1 | +0.8 | 28.7 | 16 Feb 2025 | 17.8 | +0.6 | 7.8 | 26 Jul 2025 | 1441.4 | 1477.6 | average | 98% |
| Norfolk Island Aero | 22.9 | +1.3 | 27.9 | 24 Jan 2025 | 17.8 | +1.4 | 11.6 | 10 Sep 2025 | 1529.2 | 1282.7 | high | 119% |
| Christmas Island Aero | 27.8 | +0.4 | 30.6 | 25 Dec 2025 | 23.4 | +0.5 | 19.5 | 1 Dec 2025 | 2639.8 | 2205.8 | high | 120% |
| Cocos Island Airport | 29.8 | +0.7 | 33.1 | 27 Jan 2025 | 25.2 | +0.5 | 22.2 | 17 Nov 2025 | 2332.8 | 1966.8 | high | 119% |
| Antarctica and Macquarie Island | ||||||||||||
| Casey | -6.0 | -0.1 | 6.4 | 14 Jan 2025 | -12.6 | 0.0 | -32.4 | 5 Jul 2025 | 231.2 | 215.6 | average | 107% |
| Davis | -6.9 | +0.4 | 8.2 | 30 Dec 2025 | -12.8 | +0.2 | -33.7 | 11 Jul 2025 | 35.1 | 69.7 | v low | 50% |
| Macquarie Island | 7.3 | +0.7 | 12.1 | 3 Feb 2025 | 3.7 | +0.6 | -4.3 | 10 Sep 2025 | 1215.0 | 1007.5 | high | 121% |
| Mawson | -7.6 | +0.7 | 5.9 | 20 Jan 2025 | -13.6 | +0.6 | -30.7 | 9 Jul 2025 | ||||
Extremes Records Summaries Important notes the top
Notes
The Annual climate summary, usually published in the first week of the following month, lists the main features of the weather in Remote Islands and Antarctica using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated.
This statement has been prepared based on information available on Friday 30 January 2026. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases, the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.
Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from
all available years of record, excluding the current year. The length of record can
vary widely from site to site. Averages are not shown for sites with fewer than
10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
mean
of long-term average rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.
Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.
Information about Australian Indigenous seasonal calendars is available at the Indigenous Weather Knowledge website.
Unless otherwise noted, all maps, graphs and diagrams in this page are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
