Friday 7 November 2025 - Monthly Climate Summary for Remote Islands and Antarctica - Product code IDCKGC1RR0
Remote Islands and Antarctica in October 2025
Jump to a map of the areas covered in this summary
Australia's Indian Ocean islands
- The monthly rainfall total at Christmas Island Aero was 113.0 mm, this was 152% of the average October rainfall for the station of 74.2 mm. Most of the monthly rainfall total was recorded on the 3rd, when the station had 66.8 mm.
- At Christmas Island Aero, the mean maximum temperature was 0.4 °C above average and the mean minimum temperature was 0.6 °C above average.
- The monthly rainfall total at Cocos Island Airport was 107.4 mm, this was above the average October rainfall for the station of 78.7 mm.
- At Cocos Island Airport, the mean maximum temperature was 0.3 °C above average and the mean minimum temperature was 0.5 °C above average.
- On the 27th, Cocos Island Airport had its equal highest daily maximum temperature on record at 31.0 °C. The October average for the station is 28.7 °C.
Australia's Pacific Ocean islands
- Monthly total rainfall at Norfolk Island Aero was 108.6 mm, this was above the average October rainfall of 83.5 mm.
- It was the warmest October on record for Norfolk Island Aero, with a mean temperature of 19.7 °C, the previous record was 19.6 °C in 1988.
- The October mean maximum and minimum temperature for Norfolk Island Aero were 2.0 °C and 2.3 °C above average, respectively. For the station it was the equal warmest October mean maximum temperature on record and the warmest October mean minimum temperature on record.
- Norfolk Island Aero had its highest daily maximum temperature on record on the 23rd at 24.9 °C, and on the 28th the station had its equal highest daily minimum temperature on record at 20.7 °C.
- Total October rainfall at Lord Howe Island Aero was 15.4 mm, this is the second lowest October rainfall for the station, the lowest October rainfall was 14.6 mm in 2015. The average October rainfall for the station is 140.1 mm
- It was the warmest October on record for Lord Howe Island Aero, with a mean temperature of 20.1 °C.
- Both the mean maximum and minimum temperatures were 1.6 °C above average at Lord Howe Island Aero. The station had its warmest October mean maximum temperature on record at 22.7 °C, and warmest minimum temperature on record for October at 17.4 °C.
Australia's Antarctic and sub-Antarctic territories
- The strongest wind gust recorded at the Australian Antarctic stations during October was 172 km/h at Mawson on the evening of the 21st.
- Mean maximum temperatures for October were above average at all Australian Antarctic stations, and mean minimum temperatures were below average at Casey, but above average at Davis and Mawson.
- Monthly precipitation at Macquarie Island was 99.4 mm, this was above the October average rainfall of 77.9 mm.
- At Macquarie Island, the mean maximum temperature was 0.1 °C above average and the mean minimum temperature was 0.7 °C below average.
- The strongest wind gust recorded in October at Macquarie Island was 109 km/h on the evening of the 6th.
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
| Record highest October temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for October |
|||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 24.9 | on the 23rd | 24.5 | on 26 Oct 2024 | 87 | 20.3 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 26.9 | on the 21st | 25.4 | on 31 Oct 2020 | 37 | 21.1 |
| Cocos Island Airport | 31.0 | on the 27th | =31.0 | on 25 Oct 1998 | 74 | 28.7 |
| Record highest October mean maximum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for October |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 22.3 | =22.3 | in 1988 | 87 | 20.3 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 22.7 | =22.7 | in 2020 | 37 | 21.1 |
| Record highest October daily minimum temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for October |
|||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 20.7 | on the 28th | =20.7 | on 28 Oct 1998 | 87 | 14.9 |
| Record highest October mean minimum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for October |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 17.2 | 16.9 | in 1988 | 87 | 14.9 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 17.4 | 17.3 | in 2017 | 37 | 15.8 |
| Record highest October mean temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for October |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 19.7 | 19.6 | in 1988 | 87 | 17.6 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 20.1 | 19.8 | in 2020 | 37 | 18.4 |
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
| Summary statistics for October 2025 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum temperatures (°C) |
Minimum temperatures (°C) |
Rainfall (millimetres) |
||||||||||
| Mean for October 2025 |
Diff from average |
Highest for October 2025 |
Mean for October 2025 |
Diff from average |
Lowest for October 2025 |
Total for October 2025 |
Average for October |
Rank of October 2025 |
Fraction of October average |
|||
| Offshore Islands | ||||||||||||
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 22.7 | +1.6 | 26.9 | 21st | 17.4 | +1.6 | 8.9 | 15th | 15.4 | 104.1 | v low | 15% |
| Norfolk Island Aero | 22.3 | +2.0 | 24.9 | 23rd | 17.2 | +2.3 | 13.7 | 17th | 108.6 | 83.5 | high | 130% |
| Christmas Island Aero | 27.3 | +0.4 | 28.5 | 19th | 23.4 | +0.6 | 21.3 | 3rd | 113.0 | 74.2 | high | 152% |
| Cocos Island Airport | 29.0 | +0.3 | 31.0 | 27th | 24.8 | +0.5 | 22.4 | 12th | 107.4 | 78.7 | high | 136% |
| Antarctica and Macquarie Island | ||||||||||||
| Casey | -5.9 | +1.9 | 0.3 | 25th | -14.9 | -0.1 | -21.5 | 9th | 27.8 | 15.3 | high | 182% |
| Davis | -4.2 | +4.6 | 2.1 | 12th | -10.0 | +5.2 | -18.7 | 8th | 2.0 | 4.6 | low | 44% |
| Macquarie Island | 5.9 | +0.1 | 8.3 | 3rd | 1.3 | -0.7 | -2.6 | 26th | 99.4 | 77.9 | high | 128% |
| Mawson | -5.2 | +4.5 | -0.2 | 23rd | -11.1 | +5.1 | -18.7 | 5th | ||||
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
| Daily maximum temperatures for October 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offshore Islands | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 23.7 | 24.4 | 20.4 | 19.7 | 20.2 | 22.6 | 22.1 | 23.2 | 23.8 | 24.1 | 22.9 | 24.2 | 23.6 | 20.5 | 20.9 | 22.4 | 22.5 | 23.8 | 22.7 | 23.3 | 26.9 | 23.7 | 23.1 | 22.5 | 23.0 | 24.6 | 26.1 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 21.9 | 22.3 |
| Norfolk Island Aero | 23.3 | 21.6 | 21.8 | 21.6 | 19.5 | 20.8 | 22.3 | 22.8 | 22.0 | 21.8 | 22.1 | 23.8 | 24.4 | 21.3 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 21.9 | 20.7 | 22.3 | 23.3 | 23.4 | 24.9 | 23.6 | 22.3 | 22.7 | 22.9 | 22.5 | 22.6 | 23.0 | 23.7 | |
| Christmas Island Aero | 26.3 | 26.1 | 26.8 | 27.7 | 27.1 | 26.7 | 27.2 | 27.0 | 27.1 | 27.1 | 27.3 | 26.2 | 27.0 | 27.2 | 28.4 | 28.2 | 28.1 | 26.7 | 28.5 | 27.5 | 26.1 | 27.0 | 27.8 | 27.7 | 28.1 | 27.5 | 27.7 | 27.7 | 27.5 | 28.0 | |
| Cocos Island Airport | 28.4 | 30.1 | 28.6 | 29.1 | 27.8 | 29.1 | 30.7 | 29.9 | 28.9 | 29.0 | 29.5 | 29.2 | 29.3 | 29.3 | 29.7 | 29.6 | 29.5 | 29.1 | 29.0 | 28.9 | 28.3 | 27.2 | 26.4 | 28.2 | 29.0 | 29.5 | 31.0 | 28.1 | Antarctica and Macquarie Island | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
| Casey | -12.1 | -10.3 | -3.4 | -2.9 | -5.8 | -7.8 | -8.2 | -10.9 | -9.6 | -8.8 | -6.5 | -5.8 | -7.9 | -8.6 | -8.8 | -9.3 | -8.5 | -3.8 | -2.0 | -4.3 | -2.8 | -4.4 | -5.8 | -5.8 | 0.3 | -2.5 | -2.9 | -3.7 | -3.0 | -3.9 | -4.3 |
| Davis | -7.2 | -10.1 | -7.8 | -11.4 | -8.7 | -10.3 | -10.7 | -5.1 | -5.5 | -4.1 | 0.6 | 2.1 | -2.0 | -0.4 | -2.2 | -6.4 | -7.4 | -7.0 | -5.3 | -2.5 | -2.5 | -0.8 | -1.2 | -2.5 | -2.2 | -6.1 | -2.0 | -2.2 | -0.5 | 1.2 | 1.0 |
| Macquarie Island | 3.9 | 7.5 | 8.3 | 6.3 | 7.2 | 7.2 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 7.7 | 7.8 | 3.6 | 5.8 | 7.2 | 7.0 | 7.1 | 6.7 | 4.2 | 6.6 | 6.1 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 1.9 | 3.1 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 3.8 | 6.8 |
| Mawson | -5.4 | -8.3 | -9.8 | -9.5 | -11.4 | -9.0 | -8.4 | -4.4 | -4.0 | -4.1 | -5.7 | -3.9 | -3.6 | -2.6 | -2.9 | -5.7 | -5.7 | -8.2 | -9.3 | -8.0 | -3.7 | -3.6 | -0.2 | -1.7 | -1.6 | -4.8 | -4.0 | -0.3 | -4.7 | -2.7 | -4.6 |
|
Values are the maximum temperature, usually in the 24 hours from 9 am on the day indicated, and typically occurred in the afternoon of that day. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Temperatures coloured according to their difference from the long-term average for the period |
-10.0 | -9.0 | -8.0 | -7.0 | -6.0 | -5.0 | -4.0 | -3.0 | -2.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | +1.0 | +2.0 | +3.0 | +4.0 | +5.0 | +6.0 | +7.0 | +8.0 | +9.0 | +10.0 | °C | Grey outline marks highest and lowest for the period |
||||||||
| Daily minimum temperatures for October 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offshore Islands | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 19.2 | 20.5 | 16.0 | 16.1 | 16.3 | 13.3 | 18.7 | 19.5 | 19.9 | 20.1 | 20.2 | 20.3 | 20.9 | 15.6 | 8.9 | 11.6 | 17.5 | 18.8 | 16.6 | 15.6 | 20.0 | 19.9 | 21.6 | 18.3 | 14.5 | 11.8 | 20.2 | 16.8 | 16.5 | 17.6 | 17.2 |
| Norfolk Island Aero | 16.6 | 18.5 | 18.8 | 16.7 | 14.4 | 14.3 | 16.0 | 15.9 | 13.8 | 17.3 | 16.8 | 18.1 | 18.3 | 16.0 | 15.6 | 13.7 | 14.8 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 18.2 | 19.4 | 19.8 | 20.0 | 20.4 | 17.1 | 17.4 | 20.7 | 16.0 | 17.9 | 19.6 | |
| Christmas Island Aero | 23.5 | 23.1 | 21.3 | 23.4 | 22.5 | 23.9 | 24.1 | 23.3 | 22.9 | 23.1 | 23.4 | 23.7 | 23.8 | 23.9 | 23.9 | 24.4 | 24.4 | 24.5 | 23.7 | 23.9 | 21.7 | 23.6 | 23.8 | 23.1 | 23.5 | 23.6 | 23.4 | 22.8 | 23.3 | 23.3 | |
| Cocos Island Airport | 24.0 | 24.1 | 22.7 | 24.2 | 24.2 | 23.7 | 24.4 | 26.2 | 25.7 | 25.4 | 25.2 | 22.4 | 25.9 | 25.7 | 26.3 | 26.3 | 26.1 | 25.6 | 25.7 | 25.1 | 24.3 | 23.6 | 24.4 | 23.8 | 24.6 | 25.1 | 25.3 | 23.4 | Antarctica and Macquarie Island | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
| Casey | -21.3 | -20.3 | -17.1 | -11.5 | -15.8 | -17.1 | -12.0 | -19.1 | -21.5 | -19.4 | -17.0 | -14.3 | -16.3 | -19.2 | -16.7 | -17.1 | -16.5 | -16.9 | -14.0 | -12.0 | -14.9 | -12.9 | -13.6 | -12.8 | -11.2 | -6.4 | -4.9 | -13.1 | -11.0 | -10.6 | -14.4 |
| Davis | -14.2 | -18.0 | -15.8 | -13.7 | -14.1 | -17.3 | -18.6 | -18.7 | -11.3 | -8.4 | -7.5 | -5.1 | -2.8 | -6.7 | -8.3 | -10.6 | -14.5 | -12.2 | -8.9 | -9.4 | -7.5 | -5.5 | -3.3 | -5.9 | -7.6 | -9.8 | -13.8 | -6.1 | -5.5 | -4.9 | -5.1 |
| Macquarie Island | -1.9 | 1.6 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 2.4 | 5.8 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 2.9 | 3.0 | 4.5 | -1.6 | -1.0 | 1.6 | 4.6 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 1.8 | -0.1 | 3.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | -0.3 | -0.3 | -0.2 | -2.6 | -1.8 | -0.3 | 0.6 | -0.4 | -1.4 |
| Mawson | -10.7 | -14.4 | -12.4 | -13.6 | -18.7 | -17.2 | -16.4 | -14.4 | -9.7 | -13.6 | -14.3 | -13.5 | -9.6 | -6.2 | -7.2 | -11.8 | -9.4 | -11.8 | -16.3 | -14.0 | -10.8 | -8.5 | -6.0 | -4.4 | -8.2 | -11.0 | -10.5 | -8.4 | -8.9 | -6.0 | -5.6 |
|
Values are the minimum temperature, usually in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated, and typically occurred that morning. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Temperatures coloured according to their difference from the long-term average for the period |
-10.0 | -9.0 | -8.0 | -7.0 | -6.0 | -5.0 | -4.0 | -3.0 | -2.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | +1.0 | +2.0 | +3.0 | +4.0 | +5.0 | +6.0 | +7.0 | +8.0 | +9.0 | +10.0 | °C | Grey outline marks highest and lowest for the period |
||||||||
| Daily rainfall for October 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offshore Islands | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
| Lord Howe Island (Milky Way) | - | 2.8 | 0.2 | 1.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.6 | 3.6 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | 4.6 | 0.2 | - | - | - | 1.0 | - | - | 0.4 | - | 0.8 | 0.2 | - | |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | - | 2.0 | 0.4 | 1.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.6 | 2.8 | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | 5.2 | - | - | - | 0.8 | - | 0.2 | - | 0.4 | 1.2 | 0.2 | |||
| Norfolk Island Aero | - | - | 4.2 | 11.0 | 3.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.2 | 13.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | - | 2.0 | 7.0 | 23.8 | 39.2 | |
| Christmas Island Aero | 0.8 | 0.8 | 66.8 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | 14.4 | 3.4 | 8.8 | 1.4 | 3.8 | - | - | - | 5.6 | 4.8 | 1.0 | |||
| Cocos Island Airport | 4.0 | 0.8 | 38.8 | - | 2.8 | 6.4 | 12.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | 5.2 | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | 0.4 | 1.6 | 3.0 | 5.4 | 15.8 | 2.0 | 5.6 | - | - | 2.2 | Antarctica and Macquarie Island | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 |
| Casey | - | - | - | 1.4 | 0.8 | - | - | 0.4 | - | - | - | - | - | 23.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.2 | 0.8 | - | - | - | - | |
| Davis | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.6 | 0.2 | - | - | |||||||||
| Macquarie Island | - | - | 1.2 | 11.2 | 1.0 | 15.2 | 1.6 | 5.0 | 2.4 | 0.4 | 11.4 | 4.2 | 6.0 | 1.6 | 2.0 | 1.8 | 3.6 | 0.2 | - | 0.8 | 8.8 | 4.0 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 3.8 | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 5.8 | 2.4 | ||
|
Most values are the precipitation in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated.
Days marked with → are part of a longer accumulation, which is shown on the final day. Values over 100 mm have been rounded to the nearest whole millimetre. Days marked with - have a rainfall report of zero; days left blank have no rainfall report (which often indicates no rain fell). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rainfalls coloured according to the amount |
0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 600 | millimetres | ||||||||||||||||||
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
Notes
The Monthly climate summary, usually published in the first week of the following month, lists the main features of the weather in Remote Islands and Antarctica using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated.
This statement has been prepared based on information available on Friday 7 November 2025. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases, the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.
Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from
all available years of record, excluding the current year. The length of record can
vary widely from site to site. Averages are not shown for sites with fewer than
10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
mean
of long-term average rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.
Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.
Information about Australian Indigenous seasonal calendars is available at the Indigenous Weather Knowledge website.
Unless otherwise noted, all maps, graphs and diagrams in this page are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
