Tuesday 9 December 2025 - Monthly Climate Summary for Remote Islands and Antarctica - Product code IDCKGC1RR0
Remote Islands and Antarctica in November 2025
Jump to a map of the areas covered in this summary
Australia's Indian Ocean islands
- The monthly rainfall total at Christmas Island Aero was 405.8 mm, this was 237% of the average November rainfall of 171.3 mm.
- At Christmas Island Aero, both the mean maximum and minimum temperatures were 0.4 °C below average.
- The monthly rainfall total at Cocos Island Airport was 54.0 mm, this was 54% of the average November rainfall of 99.4 mm.
- At Cocos Island Airport, both the mean maximum and minimum temperatures were equal to the November average.
Australia's Pacific Ocean islands
- Total monthly rainfall at Norfolk Island Aero was 89.8 mm, this was above the average November rainfall of 73.2 mm.
- It was the warmest November on record for Norfolk Island Aero, at 21.5 °C, the previous record was 21.3 °C in 1973.
- The mean maximum temperature at Norfolk Island Aero was 2.4 °C above average. The station also had its warmest November mean maximum temperature on record at 24.2 °C and the highest daily maximum temperature on record on the 29th at 27.4 °C.
- Norfolk Island Aero had a mean minimum temperature of 2.6 °C above average, this was the stations warmest November mean minimum temperature on record at 18.8 °C. The station also had its warmest November night on record on the 30th at 22.8 °C.
- November rainfall at Lord Howe Island Aero was 141.8 mm, this was 125% of the average monthly rainfall of 113.4 mm.
- It was the warmest November on record for Lord Howe Island Aero at 21.7 °C. The previous record was 21.6 °C in 2009.
- At Lord Howe Island Aero the mean maximum temperature was 1.9 °C above average and the station also had its warmest November mean maximum temperature on record at 24.3 °C.
- The minimum temperature at Lord Howe Island Aero was 1.8 °C above average and the station had its warmest November mean minimum temperature on record at 19.2 °C. On the 27th, the station had its warmest November night on record at 23.6 °C.
Australia's Antarctic and sub-Antarctic territories
- The strongest wind gust recorded at the Australian Antarctic stations during November was 174 km/h at Mawson on the morning of the 12th.
- The November mean maximum and minimum temperatures were above average at all Australian Antarctic stations.
- Monthly precipitation at Macquarie Island was 62.6 mm, this was close to the November average rainfall of 74.1 mm.
- At Macquarie Island, the mean maximum temperature was 0.7 °C above average and the mean minimum temperature was 0.5 °C above average.
- The strongest wind gust recorded in November at Macquarie Island was 109 km/h on the afternoon of the 7th.
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
| Highest November total rainfall for at least 20 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Observed (mm) |
Most recent higher |
Average for November |
|||
| Casey | 32.6 | 46.4 | in 2000 | 12.1 | |
note: there may be gaps in the historical record at some sites, so it is possible more recent higher values have gone unreported
| Record highest November temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for November |
|||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 27.4 | on the 29th | 26.5 | on 28 Nov 2015 | 87 | 21.8 |
| Record highest November mean maximum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for November |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 24.2 | 24.1 | in 1953 | 87 | 21.8 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 24.3 | 24.2 | in 2009 | 38 | 22.4 |
| Record highest November daily minimum temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for November |
|||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 22.8 | on the 30th | 21.5 | on 14 Nov 1973 | 87 | 16.2 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 23.6 | on the 27th | 22.8 | on 30 Nov 2009 | 38 | 17.4 |
| Record highest November mean minimum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for November |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 18.8 | 18.7 | in 1973 | 87 | 16.2 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 19.2 | 18.9 | in 2024 | 38 | 17.4 |
| Record highest November mean temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for November |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 21.5 | 21.3 | in 1973 | 87 | 19.0 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 21.7 | 21.6 | in 2009 | 38 | 19.9 |
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
| Summary statistics for November 2025 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum temperatures (°C) |
Minimum temperatures (°C) |
Rainfall (millimetres) |
||||||||||
| Mean for November 2025 |
Diff from average |
Highest for November 2025 |
Mean for November 2025 |
Diff from average |
Lowest for November 2025 |
Total for November 2025 |
Average for November |
Rank of November 2025 |
Fraction of November average |
|||
| Offshore Islands | ||||||||||||
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 24.3 | +1.9 | 27.4 | 27th | 19.2 | +1.8 | 12.4 | 12th | 141.8 | 113.4 | average | 125% |
| Norfolk Island Aero | 24.2 | +2.4 | 27.4 | 29th | 18.8 | +2.6 | 13.9 | 16th | 89.8 | 73.2 | high | 123% |
| Christmas Island Aero | 27.0 | -0.4 | 28.6 | 13th | 22.6 | -0.4 | 21.1 | 24th | 405.8 | 171.3 | high | 237% |
| Cocos Island Airport | 29.1 | 0.0 | 29.8 | 21st | 24.6 | 0.0 | 22.2 | 17th | 54.0 | 99.4 | average | 54% |
| Antarctica and Macquarie Island | ||||||||||||
| Casey | -1.4 | +1.0 | 3.7 | 26th | -8.0 | +0.7 | -17.4 | 11th | 32.6 | 11.4 | high | 286% |
| Davis | 1.1 | +3.2 | 5.6 | 24th | -3.9 | +3.6 | -9.6 | 3rd | 4.4 | 2.2 | high | 200% |
| Macquarie Island | 7.3 | +0.7 | 10.1 | 20th | 3.3 | +0.5 | 0.5 | 23rd | 62.6 | 74.1 | average | 84% |
| Mawson | -0.3 | +2.3 | 5.1 | 28th | -5.8 | +3.0 | -12.1 | 4th | ||||
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
| Daily maximum temperatures for November 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offshore Islands | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 23.0 | 23.8 | 24.6 | 24.3 | 25.4 | 23.0 | 23.7 | 25.6 | 24.2 | 22.6 | 22.5 | 20.7 | 22.1 | 24.3 | 24.4 | 24.3 | 26.5 | 22.9 | 23.1 | 23.5 | 23.1 | 23.9 | 24.3 | 25.6 | 25.9 | 25.6 | 27.4 | 26.2 | 26.6 | 24.7 |
| Norfolk Island Aero | 23.3 | 23.1 | 24.1 | 24.6 | 24.6 | 23.6 | 24.2 | 24.1 | 24.9 | 25.1 | 21.6 | 22.9 | 21.8 | 22.1 | 21.2 | 23.3 | 24.1 | 22.4 | 22.8 | 24.5 | 25.3 | 24.8 | 24.9 | 24.8 | 26.1 | 26.3 | 26.0 | 26.4 | 27.4 | 26.7 |
| Christmas Island Aero | 28.0 | 26.5 | 27.0 | 25.2 | 24.7 | 25.5 | 26.7 | 26.0 | 27.5 | 27.5 | 27.4 | 28.3 | 28.6 | 28.0 | 27.8 | 28.1 | 27.3 | 25.3 | 24.9 | 26.0 | 27.4 | 27.6 | 27.4 | 27.6 | 27.4 | 27.2 | 27.2 | 27.7 | 27.7 | 27.1 |
| Cocos Island Airport | 28.9 | 29.5 | 29.8 | 29.0 | 29.2 | 29.6 | 29.4 | 28.4 | 28.4 | 28.4 | 29.1 | 28.7 | 29.1 | 29.7 | 28.5 | 29.3 | 28.8 | 29.0 | 28.7 | 28.9 | 29.8 | 28.8 | 29.4 | 29.2 | 29.1 | 28.5 | 29.2 | 28.9 | 29.2 | 29.5 | Antarctica and Macquarie Island | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| Casey | -3.6 | -3.6 | -2.7 | -2.3 | -2.4 | -2.5 | -2.1 | -3.3 | -4.2 | -6.2 | -2.6 | -3.5 | -2.7 | -0.9 | -0.1 | 1.1 | -1.8 | -1.1 | -2.1 | -1.6 | -1.6 | -1.6 | -1.2 | 3.4 | 3.7 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.2 | 2.1 | |
| Davis | -4.1 | -1.3 | -2.2 | 1.4 | 1.2 | 0.7 | 0.1 | -0.5 | -3.9 | -0.4 | 1.3 | -0.1 | 1.2 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 2.9 | -0.1 | 1.6 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 1.0 | -0.1 | 4.9 | 5.6 | 2.3 | 3.5 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 1.8 | 3.0 |
| Macquarie Island | 7.2 | 7.3 | 4.7 | 5.9 | 8.5 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.5 | 7.2 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 8.4 | 8.5 | 8.7 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 8.7 | 7.4 | 8.0 | 10.1 | 6.7 | 5.9 | 5.3 | 6.8 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 7.8 | 7.5 | 7.6 | 5.0 |
| Mawson | -3.8 | -5.5 | -1.8 | -4.2 | -2.7 | -1.0 | -3.4 | -4.6 | -3.9 | -3.0 | -2.3 | -1.0 | 0.4 | 0.8 | -1.4 | 0.2 | -0.3 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 3.4 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 5.1 | 2.4 | 2.6 |
|
Values are the maximum temperature, usually in the 24 hours from 9 am on the day indicated, and typically occurred in the afternoon of that day. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Temperatures coloured according to their difference from the long-term average for the period |
-10.0 | -9.0 | -8.0 | -7.0 | -6.0 | -5.0 | -4.0 | -3.0 | -2.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | +1.0 | +2.0 | +3.0 | +4.0 | +5.0 | +6.0 | +7.0 | +8.0 | +9.0 | +10.0 | °C | Grey outline marks highest and lowest for the period |
|||||||
| Daily minimum temperatures for November 2025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offshore Islands | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 19.2 | 19.9 | 20.9 | 21.5 | 21.1 | 19.1 | 18.5 | 20.4 | 21.5 | 19.2 | 16.5 | 12.4 | 15.4 | 14.4 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 20.0 | 19.0 | 14.1 | 19.6 | 20.6 | 16.2 | 20.5 | 20.2 | 20.1 | 22.5 | 23.6 | 18.3 | 22.1 | 22.0 |
| Norfolk Island Aero | 18.5 | 19.4 | 18.5 | 19.8 | 19.9 | 17.7 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 18.5 | 16.6 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 14.0 | 13.9 | 19.8 | 19.0 | 17.8 | 16.7 | 20.5 | 20.6 | 20.0 | 19.5 | 20.9 | 20.3 | 20.1 | 22.0 | 21.8 | 22.8 |
| Christmas Island Aero | 24.6 | 23.5 | 21.8 | 23.6 | 22.6 | 22.0 | 22.5 | 22.8 | 23.4 | 22.2 | 23.2 | 22.0 | 22.8 | 21.8 | 22.0 | 21.4 | 22.5 | 22.3 | 22.7 | 22.0 | 24.0 | 22.7 | 22.4 | 21.1 | 22.0 | 23.0 | 22.7 | 22.7 | 22.3 | 22.0 |
| Cocos Island Airport | 23.5 | 25.4 | 24.3 | 25.0 | 25.1 | 25.1 | 25.2 | 23.3 | 22.7 | 24.0 | 24.9 | 25.4 | 24.6 | 25.0 | 25.4 | 24.6 | 22.2 | 25.3 | 23.8 | 24.8 | 24.9 | 23.1 | 24.8 | 25.1 | 24.7 | 25.1 | 24.6 | 25.8 | 25.1 | 25.7 | Antarctica and Macquarie Island | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| Casey | -11.5 | -11.3 | -6.4 | -5.5 | -6.4 | -6.3 | -7.0 | -6.9 | -6.0 | -12.4 | -17.4 | -14.5 | -8.5 | -11.6 | -11.6 | -6.9 | -7.2 | -8.0 | -7.3 | -10.8 | -8.3 | -6.1 | -8.0 | -4.1 | -4.4 | -4.4 | -3.1 | -3.9 | -5.1 | |
| Davis | -8.7 | -7.8 | -9.6 | -7.5 | -2.9 | -4.8 | -3.1 | -4.6 | -6.5 | -8.8 | -6.1 | -3.2 | -3.4 | -3.8 | -3.0 | -3.0 | -3.0 | -4.9 | -1.8 | -1.3 | -1.6 | -2.2 | -3.3 | -3.2 | 0.3 | -0.2 | 0.1 | -3.3 | -2.4 | -2.4 |
| Macquarie Island | 3.5 | 5.4 | 4.0 | 0.9 | 1.7 | 4.9 | 3.6 | 3.2 | 2.4 | 1.8 | 2.7 | 4.0 | 4.2 | 4.7 | 3.0 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 3.6 | 3.7 | 1.3 | 2.8 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.7 | 2.4 |
| Mawson | -8.1 | -11.4 | -9.0 | -12.1 | -9.5 | -6.8 | -10.8 | -11.6 | -11.7 | -8.9 | -7.2 | -6.5 | -3.7 | -3.8 | -4.3 | -3.6 | -3.9 | -3.5 | -2.8 | -2.3 | -3.9 | -4.7 | -3.6 | -4.7 | -3.2 | -2.1 | -1.3 | -2.5 | -2.6 | -3.9 |
|
Values are the minimum temperature, usually in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated, and typically occurred that morning. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Temperatures coloured according to their difference from the long-term average for the period |
-10.0 | -9.0 | -8.0 | -7.0 | -6.0 | -5.0 | -4.0 | -3.0 | -2.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | +1.0 | +2.0 | +3.0 | +4.0 | +5.0 | +6.0 | +7.0 | +8.0 | +9.0 | +10.0 | °C | Grey outline marks highest and lowest for the period |
|||||||
| Daily rainfall for November 2025 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Offshore Islands | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
| Lord Howe Island (Milky Way) | - | - | - | - | 9.0 | - | - | 0.2 | - | 0.4 | - | 2.8 | - | - | 7.4 | 1.6 | 54.2 | - | - | - | - | 45.6 | - | 16.0 | 5.2 | - | 1.4 | - | - | 0.2 | |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | - | - | - | - | 11.6 | 1.2 | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | 3.2 | - | - | 13.2 | 3.0 | 51.2 | - | 0.2 | - | - | 39.8 | - | 14.6 | 3.2 | - | 0.2 | - | - | 0.2 | |
| Norfolk Island Aero | - | - | 11.6 | 0.6 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.8 | 0.2 | - | - | 3.8 | 22.0 | 0.2 | 2.2 | 0.2 | - | - | 20.2 | 25.8 | 0.2 | 0.6 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | 0.4 | - | - | - | |
| Christmas Island Aero | - | 18.4 | 12.2 | 8.6 | 22.6 | 63.2 | 47.4 | 8.2 | 7.8 | 7.2 | 0.4 | - | 0.6 | - | - | 11.2 | 29.8 | 118.8 | 18.8 | 14.4 | - | - | - | 16.2 | - | - | - | - | |||
| Cocos Island Airport | 1.2 | - | 0.4 | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | 19.2 | 3.4 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | 22.2 | - | 1.6 | - | - | 3.4 | 0.2 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | Antarctica and Macquarie Island | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 |
| Casey | - | - | 1.2 | - | 29.2 | - | 2.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Davis | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.0 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Macquarie Island | 0.2 | - | 7.0 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 9.2 | 2.4 | 1.0 | 0.4 | 1.2 | 1.4 | - | 3.4 | 0.8 | - | 0.4 | 3.8 | 0.2 | 1.8 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 4.0 | 2.8 | 1.2 | 0.8 | - | 3.6 | 1.4 | 5.0 | 1.2 | |
|
Most values are the precipitation in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated.
Days marked with → are part of a longer accumulation, which is shown on the final day. Values over 100 mm have been rounded to the nearest whole millimetre. Days marked with - have a rainfall report of zero; days left blank have no rainfall report (which often indicates no rain fell). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rainfalls coloured according to the amount |
0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 600 | millimetres | |||||||||||||||||
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
Notes
The Monthly climate summary, usually published in the first week of the following month, lists the main features of the weather in Remote Islands and Antarctica using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated.
This statement has been prepared based on information available on Tuesday 9 December 2025. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases, the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.
Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from
all available years of record, excluding the current year. The length of record can
vary widely from site to site. Averages are not shown for sites with fewer than
10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
mean
of long-term average rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.
Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.
Information about Australian Indigenous seasonal calendars is available at the Indigenous Weather Knowledge website.
Unless otherwise noted, all maps, graphs and diagrams in this page are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
