Tuesday 9 December 2025 - Seasonal Climate Summary for Remote Islands and Antarctica - Product code IDCKGC2RR0
Remote Islands and Antarctica in spring 2025
Jump to a map of the areas covered in this summary
Australia's Indian Ocean islands
- Spring was wetter than average at Christmas Island Aero at 523.4 mm, compared to the average spring rainfall of 299.2 mm.
- At Christmas Island Aero, the spring mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures were 0.1 °C and 0.3 °C warmer than average, respectively.
- Total spring rainfall at Cocos Island Airport was 299.6 mm, this was close to the average spring rainfall total of 269.2 mm.
- Both the spring mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures were above average at Cocos Island Airport at 0.2 °C and 0.4 °C, respectively.
Australia's Pacific Ocean islands
- Spring rainfall at Norfolk Island Aero was 280.2 mm this was 112% of the spring average rainfall of 250.0 mm.
- It was the warmest spring on record for Norfolk Island Aero and surpassing the previous record set in 1988, the station had a mean temperature of 19.5 °C.
- At Norfolk Island Aero, the mean maximum temperature was 1.8 °C above average and it was the warmest spring mean maximum temperature on record at 22.2 °C. The station also had its warmest daily maximum temperature on record on 29 November at 27.4 °C.
- The spring mean minimum temperature at Norfolk Island was 1.9 °C above average and the mean minimum temperature for spring was the warmest on record at 16.9 °C. On 30 November, the station had its warmest spring night on record at 22.8 °C.
- Lord Howe Island Aero was drier than average this spring, with a rainfall total of 186.4 mm compared to the average spring rainfall of 328.9 mm.
- Lord Howe Island Aero had its warmest spring on record at 20.0 °C.
- The mean maximum temperature at Lord Howe Island Aero was 1.5 °C above average and the daytime temperatures for spring were the warmest on record at 22.7 °C.
- At Lord Howe Island Aero the mean minimum temperature was 1.3 °C above average. The station had its warmest mean minimum temperature for spring on record at 17.3 °C and its warmest spring night on record at 23.6 °C on 27 November.
Australia's Antarctic and sub-Antarctic territories
- At the Australian Antarctic stations the strongest wind gust recorded during spring was 174 km/h at Mawson on 12 November.
- The mean maximum temperature for spring was above average at all Australian Antarctic stations, and the mean minimum temperature was above average at Davis and Mawson but below average at Casey.
- Spring precipitation at Macquarie Island was above average, the station recorded 282.6 mm of rainfall, compared to the average for spring at 230.2 mm.
- At Macquarie Island, the mean maximum temperature was 0.2 °C above average, while the mean minimum temperature was 0.4 °C below average.
- The strongest wind gust recorded during spring at Macquarie Island was 109 km/h on both 6 October and 7 November.
Extremes Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Record highest spring temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for Spring |
|||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 27.4 | on 29 November | 26.5 | on 28 Nov 2015 | 87 | 20.4 |
| Record highest spring mean maximum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for Spring |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 22.2 | 21.6 | in 2024 | 85 | 20.4 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 22.7 | 22.2 | in 2024 | 36 | 21.2 |
| Record highest spring daily minimum temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for Spring |
|||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 22.8 | on 30 November | 21.5 | on 14 Nov 1973 | 87 | 15.0 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 23.6 | on 27 November | 22.8 | on 30 Nov 2009 | 38 | 16.0 |
| Record highest spring mean minimum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for Spring |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 16.9 | 16.6 | in 1988 | 85 | 15.0 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 17.3 | 16.8 | in 2024 | 36 | 16.0 |
| Record highest spring mean temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for Spring |
||
| Norfolk Island Aero | 19.5 | 19.1 | in 1988 | 85 | 17.7 |
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 20.0 | 19.5 | in 2024 | 36 | 18.6 |
Extremes Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Summary statistics for spring 2025 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum temperatures (°C) |
Minimum temperatures (°C) |
Rainfall (millimetres) |
||||||||||
| Mean for Spring 2025 |
Diff from average |
Highest for Spring 2025 |
Mean for Spring 2025 |
Diff from average |
Lowest for Spring 2025 |
Total for Spring 2025 |
Average for Spring |
Rank of Spring 2025 |
Fraction of Spring average |
|||
| Offshore Islands | ||||||||||||
| Lord Howe Island Aero | 22.7 | +1.5 | 27.4 | 27 Nov 2025 | 17.3 | +1.3 | 8.9 | 15 Oct 2025 | 186.4 | 328.9 | v low | 57% |
| Norfolk Island Aero | 22.2 | +1.8 | 27.4 | 29 Nov 2025 | 16.9 | +1.9 | 11.6 | 10 Sep 2025 | 280.2 | 250.0 | average | 112% |
| Christmas Island Aero | 27.0 | +0.1 | 28.6 | 13 Nov 2025 | 23.0 | +0.3 | 21.1 | 24 Nov 2025 | 523.4 | 299.2 | high | 175% |
| Cocos Island Airport | 28.9 | +0.2 | 31.0 | 27 Oct 2025 | 24.7 | +0.4 | 22.2 | 17 Nov 2025 | 299.6 | 269.2 | average | 111% |
| Antarctica and Macquarie Island | ||||||||||||
| Casey | -6.2 | +0.5 | 3.7 | 26 Nov 2025 | -13.9 | -0.2 | -25.2 | 27 Sep 2025 | 78.2 | 44.5 | high | 176% |
| Davis | -4.4 | +3.4 | 5.6 | 24 Nov 2025 | -10.3 | +3.8 | -26.2 | 1 Sep 2025 | 7.2 | 11.1 | low | 65% |
| Macquarie Island | 6.2 | +0.2 | 10.1 | 20 Nov 2025 | 1.7 | -0.4 | -4.3 | 10 Sep 2025 | 282.6 | 230.2 | high | 123% |
| Mawson | -5.3 | +3.5 | 5.1 | 28 Nov 2025 | -11.4 | +3.7 | -24.0 | 1 Sep 2025 | ||||
Extremes Records Summaries Important notes the top
Notes
The Seasonal climate summary, usually published in the first week of the following month, lists the main features of the weather in Remote Islands and Antarctica using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated.
This statement has been prepared based on information available on Tuesday 9 December 2025. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases, the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.
Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from
all available years of record, excluding the current year. The length of record can
vary widely from site to site. Averages are not shown for sites with fewer than
10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
mean
of long-term average rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.
Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.
Information about Australian Indigenous seasonal calendars is available at the Indigenous Weather Knowledge website.
Unless otherwise noted, all maps, graphs and diagrams in this page are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
