Sydney
9.4 Runoff to surface water
Supporting Information
The volume of runoff to surface water for the 2010–11 year is 4,173,310 ML. The following tables provide a summary and breakdown of rainfall runoff to surface water assets from the landscape in the Sydney region.
Surface water asset |
Runoff to the asset during 2010–11 (ML) |
Storages managed by the Sydney Catchment Authority |
1,822,007 |
Storages not managed by the Sydney Catchment Authority |
150,801 |
River sections |
2,142,348 |
Subtotal |
4,175,156 |
Add evaporation loss in the river reaches upstream of reservoirs |
13,414 |
Less runoff accounted in precipitation on river reaches upstream of reservoirs |
9,071 |
Less runoff accounted in discharge from urban water system (see line item 9.9) | 6,189 |
Total |
4,173,310 |
Storage |
Runoff to the storage during 2010–11 (ML) |
Cataract |
75,217 |
Cordeaux |
41,379 |
Avon |
49,657 |
Nepean |
54,778 |
Woronora |
31,260 |
Lake Burragorang (Warragamba Dam) |
781,603 |
Prospect |
4,563 |
Wingecarribee |
14,249 |
Fitzroy Falls |
22,960 |
Lake Yarrunga (Tallowa Dam) |
779,209 |
Blue Mountains1 |
4,802 |
Pheasants Nest Weir2 |
11,412 |
Broughtons Pass Weir2 |
10,918 |
Total |
1,882,007 |
1 Blue Mountains storage reservoirs include Medlow Reservoir, Greaves Creek Reservoir and Upper Cascade Reservoir, Middle Cascade Reservoir and Lower Cascade Reservoir.
2 Pheasants Nest and Broughton Pass weirs divert water to water treatment plants and Prospect Reservoir.
Storage |
Managing authority |
Runoff value was provided by |
Runoff to the storage during 2010–11 (ML) |
Danjera |
Shoalhaven City Council |
Bureau of Meteorology |
23,533 |
Flat Rock Creek |
Shoalhaven City Council |
Bureau of Meteorology |
1,739 |
Pejar |
Goulburn Mulwaree Council |
Bureau of Meteorology |
20,036 |
Sooley |
Goulburn Mulwaree Council |
Bureau of Meteorology |
10,683 |
Thomsons Creek, Lyell and Wallace1 |
Delta Electricity |
Delta Electricity |
62,450 |
Farmers Creek No. 2 |
Lithgow City Council |
Bureau of Meteorology |
3,047 |
Bundanoon and Medway |
Wingecarribee Shire Council |
Bureau of Meteorology |
29,313 |
Total |
150,8012 |
1 The value represents retained inflow because outflow from the most downstream reservoir, Lake Lyell, is counted as runoff to Lake Burragorang (Warragamba Dam).
2. There is no runoff volume provided for Bamarang as there is no real natural catchment for this reservoir.
The following table shows the total volume of runoff to rivers in the Sydney region. The volume was calculated by the Bureau of Meteorology.
Description |
Runoff during 2010–11 (ML) |
Runoff to rivers |
2,142,348 |
Quantification Approach
Bureau of Meteorology
Data Source
Provided by
Method
Runoff to storages and rivers was estimated based on the AWRA-L version 1.0.0 streamflow model outputs.
Using climate grid data for the Sydney region (including precipitation, temperature and solar radiation data), AWRA-L was used to estimate the runoff depth at each gridpoint within the region. Only runoff from the landscape is considered; therefore, the surface areas of the major storages were excluded from the analysis.
The landscape was divided into the catchments of the major reservoirs within the Sydney region for the purpose of determining inflows into individual reservoirs. The Bureau's AHGF catchments were used to perform this break up. Sections of the Shoalhaven, Coxs, Wollondilly, Capertee and Macdonald rivers considered within the surface water store (line item 1.2) were removed from the Sydney subaccount landscape.
The average runoff depth from the landscape into the surface water store was determined as the weighted mean of the relevant gridpoints within the region boundary. Points were weighted based upon the area they represented within the reporting region to remove edge effects (where the area represented is not wholly within the reporting region) and the effect of changing area represented with changing latitude. Runoff depth was converted to a runoff volume by multiplying runoff depth by the total area of the region (excluding storages).
Assumptions, Limitations, Caveats and Approximations
- The estimated runoff was compared against historical flows at unimpaired catchments within the Sydney region for the 2011 Account and provided a suitable representation of the runoff for this year.
- The runoff estimates were subject to the assumptions of the AWRA-L model detailed in Van Dijk (2010).
Uncertainty Information
Delta Electricity
Data Source
Provided by
Method
River water level was converted to a volume using a rating table in a spreadsheet. Gauging stations for the water level measurement are located at the Farmers Creek (Gauge No. 212042), the Coxs River upstream of Lake Lyell (Gauge No. 212058) and Wallerawang (Gauge No. 212054). Water levels have been measured at a weir in the Coxs River upstream of Lake Lyell. For the other two stations, water levels have been measured at a well-defined cross-section of the streams.
Assumptions, Limitations, Caveats and Approximations
The provided value is the combined retained inflow to Thomsons Creek Reservoir, Lake Wallace and Lake Lyell, minus the outflows from Lake Lyell (which is the most downstream reservoir). The retained inflow value includes all sources of water from the catchment excluding return flows (e.g. discharges from power stations), upstream storage diversions and any spilling.
Uncertainty Information
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy is +/– 5%.
Sydney Catchment Authority
Data Source
Provided by
Method
Runoff to the following storage reservoirs was provided by SCA:
- Cataract Reservoir
- Cordeaux Reservoir
- Avon Reservoir
- Nepean Reservoir
- Woronora Reservoir
- Lake Burragorang (Warragamba Dam)
- Prospect Reservoir
- Wingecarribee Reservoir
- Fitzroy Falls Reservoir
- Lake Yarrunga (Tallowa Dam)
- Blue Mountains reservoirs
– Medlow Reservoir
– Greaves Creek Reservoir
– Upper Cascade Reservoir
– Middle Cascade Reservoir
– Lower Cascade Reservoir
- Pheasants Nest Weir
- Broughtons Pass Weir.
Inflows to Fitzroy Falls and Wingecarribee reservoirs were calculated as follows:
- Fitzroy Falls Reservoir: inflow was estimated as 4.4 times the gauged flow at Wildes Meadow (Gauge No. 215233), based on the extent of catchment area at the reservoir and the gauge.
- Wingecarribee Reservoir: inflow was estimated as 2.5 times the gauged flow at Maugers in Caalang Creek (Gauge No. 212274), based on the extent of catchment area at the reservoir and the gauge.
The level sensors at the two gauging sites have been linked to SCA's radio telemetry system. Previously, developed rating tables have been used to convert water levels to a volume.
For all other reservoirs, mass balance calculation was used to estimate inflow to each reservoir. In the calculation, inflow, reservoir diversions, precipitation, evaporation and other known losses, and beginning and end storage volumes for each reservoir were balanced for 2010–11. Reservoir diversions, precipitation, evaporation, and beginning and end storage volumes were either measured data or calculated data (interpolations, application of rating tables) from measured data. SCA Water Balance 2010–11 provides the results of the mass balance calculation. Note that inflow values in the SCA Water Balance 2010–11 include both precipitation on reservoirs (line item 9.1) and inflow to reservoirs (this line item).
Assumptions, Limitations, Caveats and Approximations
Uncertainty Information
The volume is based on measured data. Estimated uncertainty based on meter accuracy, professional judgment on calculation methods and organisation practice is +/– 10%.
Comparative year
The following table compares the value for the 2009–10 year reported in this account with the corresponding value reported in the 2010 Account.
2011 Account line item |
2010 Account line item |
Value reported in the 2010 Account (ML) |
Value reported in the 2011 Account (ML) |
Additional information |
9.4 Runoff |
13.4.1 Runoff to connected surface water |
1,663,861 |
1,658,962 |
Restatement: In the 2010 year, this line item did not correct the formula for discharge from upstream storages from the urban water system. |