Adelaide

Urban water

Summary of the water distribution system

The public water system within the Adelaide region is managed by SA Water. The tables below provide details of water abstractions, usage and recycling that occurred within metropolitan Adelaide during 2009–10. The figure below is a schematic of the water movements through the Adelaide public water supply system.

Sources of water supplied to the Adelaide water supply system in 2009–10
Sources of water		Volume (ML)	Note
Delivered via the water supply system (connected areas)	Water sourced from external entity	47,853	U4 + U5
	Water sourced from surface water	149,649	U1
	Water sourced from groundwater	–	U2
	Water sourced from recycling	6,830	U31 + U32 + part of U33 **
	Total water sourced to supply connected areas	204,332
Directly abstracted water *	Water sourced from surface water	–
	Water sourced from groundwater	–
	Water sourced from farm dam	–
	Water sourced from rainwater tank	–
	Total water directly sourced	–
Total water sourced		204,332

* Data on directly abstracted water is unavailable or incomplete, and therefore not included in the scope of the National Water Account 2010
** Includes recycled water delivered to for urban purposes (i.e. excludes large-scale irrigation schemes such as the Northern Adelaide Irrigation Scheme)
– Term relevant to the Adelaide region, but could not be quantified
NA Term not applicable to the Adelaide region

Usage of water supplied by the Adelaide water supply system in 2009–10
Water usage	Volume (ML)	Note
Residential—potable water	85,957	U9
Residential—nonpotable water	–
Commercial, industrial, municipal—potable water	24,773	U10
Commercial, industrial, municipal—nonpotable water	–
Other including agriculture, other and nonrevenue water—potable water	30,804	U11
Other including agriculture, other and nonrevenue water—nonpotable water	–
Environment—potable water	–
Environment—nonpotable water	–
Residential, commercial, industrial, municipal and other recycled water (excluding irrigation water the Northern Adelaide Irrigation Scheme)	6,830	U31 + U32 + part of U33 *
Total water use	148,364

* Includes recycled water delivered to for urban purposes (i.e. excludes large-scale irrigation schemes such as the Northern Adelaide Irrigation Scheme)
– Term relevant to the Adelaide region, but could not be quantified
NA Term not applicable to the Adelaide region

Water exported from the Adelaide water supply system in 2009–10
Water export	Volume (ML)	Note
Export—potable water	3,627	U7
Export—nonpotable water	NA	U8
Export—recycled water	NA	U29
Total export	3,627

– Term relevant to the Adelaide region, but could not be quantified
NA Term not applicable to the Adelaide region

Water released from the Adelaide water supply system to surface water in 2009–10
Water released to surface water	Volume (ML)	Note
Discharge to surface water—potable	264	U6a
Discharge to surface water—nonpotable	43,859	U6b
Total discharge to surface water	44,123	U6

– Term relevant to the Adelaide region, but could not be quantified
NA Term not applicable to the Adelaide region

Wastewater produced and treated by the Adelaide water supply system in 2009–10
Wastewater produced and treated	Volume (ML)	Note
Wastewater collected within the entity	87,771	U19
Wastewater (treated) produced for recycling	24,809	U30
Wastewater (treated) discharged to surface water	2,097	U22
Wastewater (treated) discharged to sea	60,139	U23
Total treated wastewater discharged to surface water or to sea	62,236	U22 + U23

Recycled water produced and treated by the Adelaide water supply system in 2009–10
Recycled water produced and supplied	Volume (ML)	Note
Total recycled water produced	24,809	U30
Recycled water use on-site/in-process	3,391	U34
Recycled water supplied to residential	333	U31
Recycled water supplied to commercial, industrial, municipal	2,420	U32
Recycled water supplied to agriculture	3,935	U33
Recycled water supplied to environment	142	U33
Recycled water supplied to artificial recharge	NA
Recycled water supplied to irrigation scheme	14,588	U33
Total recycled water supplied	21,418

– Term relevant to the Adelaide region, but could not be quantified
NA Term not applicable to the Adelaide region

Water restrictions relevant to the Adelaide water supply system in 2009–10
Water supply area	Water restriction level	Date restriction level implemented	Date restriction level altered	Hand-held hose watering and drippers	Buckets or watering cans	Reticulation sprinklers	Swimming pools	Car washing	Hard surfaces
Adelaide to Murray supply areas	Level 3 enhanced (non-daylight saving)	5 April 2009	4 Oct 2009	2 days/week with trigger nozzle, 7–10 am or 4–7 pm	Any time	Prohibited	No filling without permit	Bucket or commercial car wash only	No washing hard surfaces
	Level 3 enhanced ii Watering hours changed (daylight saving)	4 October 2009	17 Nov 2009	2 days/week with trigger nozzle, 6–9 am or 6–9 pm
	Level 3 enhanced iii Watering hours increased to 5 hours/week	17 November 2009	4 Apr 2010	Maximum of 5 hours/week any day, 6–9 am or 6–9 pm
	Level 3 enhanced iv Watering hours changed (non-daylight savings)	4 April 2010	2 May 2010	Maximum of 5 hours/week any day, 7–10 am and 4–7 pm
	Level 3 enhanced v Watering hours increased to 7 hours/week	2 May 2010	1 December 2010	Maximum of 7 hours/week any day,7–10am and 4–7pm
	Water Wise Measures	1 December 2010	NA	Any time		5 pm –10 am (6 pm–10 am during daylight savings)	No restrictions	Bucket, commercial car wash or hose with trigger nozzle only

– Term relevant to the Adelaide region, but could not be quantified
NA Term not applicable to the Adelaide region
Source: SA Water, 2010

Losses from the Adelaide water supply system in 2009–10
Losses	Volume (ML)	Note
Losses from potable water supplies	14,135	U15
Losses from recycled water supplies	425	U36
Losses from irrigation systems (supplied from surface water to irrigation scheme)	182	I7
Total water losses	14,742

Schematic flow diagram of the public water supply system for the Adelaide region

Quantification Notes

U1 Volume of water taken from surface water for water supply

149,649 ML

Data source

SA Water: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) database.

Bureau of Meteorology: Water storage database, line item 13.1 Precipitation on connected surface water and line item 14.1 Evaporation from connected surface water.

Data provider

Bureau of Meteorology.

Method

This item refers to the flow of water from SA Water’s storages (connected surface water store) into their water treatment plants (water distribution system) to supply urban customers. The seven WTPs listed in the table below receive water from the connected surface water store.

Water treatment plant	Quantification approach	Water source
Anstey Hill	Metered inflow	Myponga Reservoir
Barossa	Metered outflow × 1.05	Barossa Reservoir
Happy Valley	Metered inflow	Happy Valley Reservoir
Hope Valley	Metered outflow × 1.05	Hope Valley Reservoir
Little Para	Metered inflow	Little Para Reservoir
Myponga	Metered inflow	Myponga Reservoir
Summit Storage	Metered inflow	Summit Storage Reservoir

Metered inflow data was obtained from the SA Water SCADA database for most of these WTPs. Inflow data was not available for the Barossa and Hope Valley WTPs. Barossa and Hope Valley WTP inflow was calculated from the respective WTP outflow allowing for a 5% loss through treatment process as shown in the table below.

Calculation	Component	Data source
	Transfer from Gorge Weir to Hope Valley Reservoir	SCADA
add	Storage at 1 July 2009	Bureau of Meteorology Water Storage database
minus	Storage at 30 June 2010	Bureau of Meteorology Water Storage database
add	Precipitation	Line item 13.1 Precipitation on connected surface water
minus	Evaporation	Line item 14.1 Evaporation from connected surface water

Uncertainty

Uncertainty is +/–10% based on meter calibration.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Nil.

U4 Volume of potable water imported for urban water supply

3,994 ML

Background information

Potable water is imported in the Adelaide region through the Swan Reach – Stockwell Pipeline (SRSPL) and from the Mount Pleasant Water Treatment Plant (WTP). Water imported via the SRSPL is treated at the Swan Reach WTP, and is used to supply consumers in the northern regions around Williamstown and for supply to Barossa Infrastructure Limited (BIL).

Data source

SA Water: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) database, geographic information system (GIS) and customer service information system (CSIS) databases.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

The total volume of potable water imported comprises the following two components:

potable water consumption supplied from WTPs outside the Adelaide region, specifically Mount Pleasant and Swan Reach WTPs
potable water releases from the SRSPL into Little Para River.

Potable water consumption

A shapefile of the Adelaide region was used to extract the service point numbers (SPNs) of meters within the Adelaide region from the SA Water GIS. Only meters that were supplied with potable water from the Swan Reach and the Mt Pleasant WTPs were considered. The SPNs were then used to extract water meter readings for the 2009–10 reporting period for individual water meters from the SA Water CSIS database.

Water consumption was calculated by analysing the difference between consecutive meter readings and summed for 2009–10. To account for meter readings that occurred immediately before or after 2009–10, metered consumption was apportioned based on the following equation:

V_r = ( t_r / t_m ) × V_m

Where:

V_m = volume for metered period (kL)
V_r = volume for metered period within 2009–10 (kL)
t_m = length of period between meter readings (days)
t_r = length of metered period within 2009–10 (days).

Potable water release to surface water

Refer to Line item U6a Volume of potable water discharge to surface water from urban water supply system

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Nil.

U5 Volume of nonpotable water import

43,859 ML

The table below summarises the volume of nonpotable water imported into the Adelaide region during 2009–10.

Pipeline	Volume (ML)
Mannum–Adelaide	21,176
Murray Bridge – Onkaparinga	22,683
Total	43,859

Background information

Nonpotable water is imported into the Adelaide region for water supply through the Mannum–Adelaide Pipeline (MAPL) and Mt Bold – Onkaparinga Pipeline (MBOPL). However, not all imported water is used; some is stored for use in following years.

Data source

SA Water: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) database and customer service information system (CSIS) database.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

The nonpotable water imported into the Adelaide region in 2009–10 was determined by obtaining flow gauge measurements from the SA Water SCADA and CSIS databases.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

The calculation method for the MAPL import does not account for MAPL losses within the entity.
This item does not include the import of Barossa Irrigation Limited (BIL) water through MAPL, which is instead reported in Line item I3 Volume of water import for irrigation supply as the total water imported for irrigation.

U6a Volume of potable water discharge to surface water from urban water supply system

264 ML

Background information

This line item represents discharge from the Swan Reach – Stockwell Pipeline (SRSPL) into South Para River.

Data source

SA Water: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) database.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

The metered volume of potable water discharged from the SRSPL into South Para River during 2009–10 was requested from the SA Water SCADA database.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Nil.

U6b Volume of nonpotable water discharge to surface water from urban water supply system

43,859 ML

The table below summarises the volume of nonpotable water imported into the Adelaide region during 2009–10.

Background information

Nonpotable water is imported into the Adelaide region for water supply through the Mannum–Adelaide Pipeline (MAPL) and Mount Bold – Onkaparinga Pipeline (MBOPL). However, not all imported water is used; some is stored for use in following years. For accounting purposes all imported water (reported in Line item U5 Volume of nonpotable water import) is also reported in this line item as a discharge, or release, to surface water.

Data source

SA Water: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) and customer service information system (CSIS) databases.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

The nonpotable water imported through MAPL and MBOPL into the Adelaide region in 2009–10 was determined from flow gauge measurements held in the SA Water SCADA and CSIS databases.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

The calculation method for the MAPL import does not account for MAPL losses within the Adelaide region.
This item does not include the import of Barossa Irrigation Limited (BIL) water through MAPL, which is instead reported in Line item I3 Volume of water import for irrigation supply as the total water imported for irrigation.

U7 Volume of potable water export

3,627 ML

The Barossa, Onkaparinga Summit Storage and Myponga water treatment plants (WTPs), located within the Adelaide region, supply potable water to customers outside the region. The table below summarises the potable water exported during 2009–10.

Water treatment plant	Volume (ML)
Barossa	877
Summit Storage (Onkaparinga)	2,136
Myponga	614
Total	3,627

Data source

SA Water: Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) and customer service information system (CSIS) databases.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

Geographic information system (GIS) analysis was used to extract the service point numbers (SPNs) of meters that are outside the Adelaide region, but are supplied with water by WTPs within the Adelaide region. The SPNs were then used to extract water meter readings for 2009–10 for each meter from CSIS.

V_r = ( t_r / t_m ) × V_m

Where:

V_m = volume for metered period (ML)
V_r = volume for metered period within 2009–10 (ML)
t_m = length of period between meter readings (days)
t_r = length of metered period within 2009–10 (days).

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Nil.

U9 Volume of water supplied for residential use

85,957 ML

Data source

SA Water: Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), geographic information system (GIS) and customer service information system (CSIS) databases.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

A shapefile of the Adelaide region was used to extract the service point numbers (SPNs) of meters within the Adelaide region from the SA Water GIS database. The SPNs were then used to extract water meter readings for 2009–10 and primary land use codes for each meter from CSIS.

V_r = ( t_r / t_m ) × V_m

Where:

V_m = volume for metered period (kL)
V_r = volume for metered period within 2009–10 (kL)
t_m = length of period between meter readings (days)
t_r = length of metered period within 2009–10 (days).

The primary land use codes were reclassified as residential, commercial/industrial/ municipal or other. Then total water consumption for the Adelaide region was calculated by summing the 2009–10 water consumption for each meter based on the National Water Account 2010 land use classes.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximation and caveats/limitations

Apportionment: the method used for apportionment assumes that consumption is constant over the period between meter readings. This may not reflect the actual consumption, which may vary based upon seasonal patterns.
SPNs: the method assumes that all relevant SPNs have been captured in the GIS accurately and completely.
Primary land use: the method assumes that all SPNs have an accurate allocation of primary land use codes and each SPN represents a single land use; however, it is likely that each SPN is providing water for several land uses.

U10 Volume of potable water supplied for commercial, industrial and municipal uses

24,773 ML

Refer to Line item U9 Volume of water supplied for residential use.

The table below summarises the 2009–10 commercial, industrial and municipal consumption, including the original and reclassified land use.

Land use	Consumption (ML)	National Water Account 2010 land use
Commercial	7,226	Commercial
Industrial	6,766	Industrial
Mining	156	Industrial
Public institution	6,668	Municipal
Public utility	1,230	Municipal
Recreational	2,726	Municipal
Total	24,772

U11 Volume of potable water supplied other than for residential, commercial, municipal and industrial uses

30,804 ML
The table below contains the breakdown of potable water supplied for uses other than residential, commercial, municipal and industrial uses.

National Water Account 2010 land use	Consumption (ML)
Agriculture	12,364
Other	4,303
Nonrevenue water	14,135
Total	30,804

Background information

The volume reported in this line item comprises:

agricultural water consumption
water consumption by other land uses
nonrevenue water.

The nonrevenue volume relates to supplied water that is not billed, including losses from leakage or pipe bursts, and water used to fill any change of volume of the supply system.

Data source

SA Water: geographic information system (GIS) and customer service information system (CSIS) databases.
Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA): 2009–10 National Performance Report (WSAA, in preparation).

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

Consumption by agriculture and other land uses

Refer to Line item U9 Volume of water supplied for residential use for the quantification approach.

Nonrevenue water: change of supply system volume

GIS analysis was used to determine the potable water supply system volume at the beginning of the reporting period (1 July 2009) and at the end of the reporting period (30 June 2010).

The difference between these volumes was considered to be the nonrevenue volume of water required to fill the increase of supply system.

Nonrevenue water: losses via pipe leakage

Refer to Line item U15 Background leakage from potable water supply system for the quantification approach.

Uncertainty

Derived from measured data. Estimated in the range +/–30% to 50%.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Refer to Line item U9 Volume of water supplied for residential use for limitations.
Refer to Line item U15 Background leakage from potable water supply system for limitations.

U15 Background leakage from potable water supply system

14,135 ML

Data source

SA Water: geographic information system (GIS) database.
Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA): 2009–10 National Performance Report (WSAA, in preparation).

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

GIS analysis was used to calculate the length of SA Water pipes within the Adelaide region. The leakage volume was calculated by multiplying this length and the 2009–10 mains loss rate for Adelaide, which is 3.6 kL/km/day (WSAA, in preparation).

Uncertainty

Derived from measured data. Estimated in the range +/–30% to 50%.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Assumes length of water mains and fire services mains based on initial and final length.
Leakage from bulk transport pipelines (Mannum–Adelaide Pipeline, Mount Bold – Onkaparinga Pipeline and Swan Reach – Stockwell Pipeline) and wastewater pipelines is assumed to be negligible.

U19a Volume of wastewater collected

87,771 ML

Data source

SA Water: wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) records.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

The metered inflow to each WWTP within the Adelaide region was supplied by SA Water.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Item does not include Port Elliot WWTP data.
This volume includes wastewater collected from outside of the Adelaide region and delivered to the Bird-in-Hand WWTP. However, this volume is assumed to be negligible.

U22 Volume of (treated) wastewater discharged to surface water

2,097 ML

Refer to Line item 13.7.1 Urban wastewater discharge to connected surface water.

U23 Volume of (treated) wastewater discharged to sea or out of entity

60,139 ML

Refer to Line item 20.4.2 Wastewater discharge out of entity.

U30 Volume of recycled water produced from sewage

24,809 ML
The table below lists the volume of recycled water produced by WWTPs in 2009–10 for commercial, industrial and municipal use.

Wastewater treatment plant	Volume (ML)
Aldinga	328
Angaston	80
Bird-in-Hand	139
Bolivar	18,406
Christies Beach	3,525
Glenelg	2,134
Gumeracha	49
Hahndorf	4
Myponga	2
Victor Harbor*	142
Total	24,809

* includes an immersed membrane bioreactor (MBR)

Data source

SA Water: wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) records.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

The 2009–10 volume of recycled water produced was supplied from WWTPs operated by SA Water. The volume represents metered outflows that are manually read and recorded by plant operators.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

This line item does not include any Community Waste Management Schemes (CWMS), including the Port Elliot WWTP, which are managed by local councils.

U31 Volume of recycled water supplied for residential use

333 ML

Data source

SA Water: wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) records.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

Only Bolivar WWTP supplies recycled water for residential use. This is water delivered to Mawson Lakes. Metered data relating to the volume of recycled water supplied for residential use was obtained from Bolivar WWTP records.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Item does not include any Community Waste Management Schemes (CWMS), including the Port Elliot WWTP, which are managed by local councils.

U32 Volume of recycled water supplied for commercial, industrial and municipal uses

2,420 ML

The table below lists the volume of recycled water produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 2009–10 for commercial, industrial and municipal use.

Data source

SA Water: WWTP records.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

Measured meter data relating to the volume of recycled water supplied for commercial, industrial and municipal use in 2009–10 was obtained from SA Water WWTP records.

Wastewater treatment plant	Application	Volume (ML)
Bolivar	Mawson Lakes municipal use	233
Glenelg	Adelaide municipal use	2,134
Gumeracha	Commercial irrigation	49
Hahndorf	Commercial use	4
Total		2,420

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Item does not include any Community Waste Management Schemes (CWMS), including the Port Elliot WWTP, which are managed by local councils.

U33 Volume of recycled water supplied other than for residential, commercial, municipal and industrial uses

18,665 ML

The table below lists the volume of recycled water produced by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in 2009–10 for uses other than residential, commercial, industrial and municipal.

Wastewater treatment plant	Application	Volume (ML)
Aldinga	Agriculture irrigation	328
Angaston	Agriculture irrigation	80
Bolivar	Agriculture irrigation via the Northern Adelaide Irrigation Scheme	14,588
Christies Beach	Agriculture irrigation	3,525
Myponga	Livestock irrigation	2
Victor Harbor	Environmental flow	142
Total		18,665

Data source

SA Water: WWTP records.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

Measured meter data relating to the volume of recycled water supplied for uses other than commercial, industrial and municipal in 2009–10 was obtained from SA Water WWTP records.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

The Aldinga Aquifer Storage and Recovery Scheme supplies vineyard irrigation. It is assumed that the volume extracted for irrigation is equal to the volume injected into the aquifer. Therefore, 100% of Aldinga reuse appears in this term rather than representing discharges to and from groundwater.
Recycled water from Victor Harbor is temporarily stored in Hindmarsh Reservoir during summer and then released to Inman River in the winter months. This is considered an environmental flow.

U34 Volume of recycled water used on-site or in-process

3,391 ML

The table below lists the volume of recycled water used on-site or in-process during 2009–10 by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs).

Wastewater treatment plant	Re-use	Volume (ML)
Bird-in-Hand	Outdoor use	139
Bolivar	Recycled water used in-process	3,252
Total		3,391

Data source

SA Water: WWTP records.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

The recycled water used on-site or in-process during 2009–10 was obtained from SA Water WWTP flow meter records.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Nil.

U35 Volume of nonrevenue recycled water (relevant to recycled water supplies)

3,821 ML
The table below presents a breakdown of the nonrevenue water for 2009–10.

Process	Volume (ML)
Line item U34 Volume of recycled water used on-site or in-process	3,391
Line item U36 Background leakage from recycled water supply system	425
Volume change in recycled water supply system	5
Total	3,821

Data source

SA Water: wastewater treatment plant records and geographic information system (GIS) database.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

Nonrevenue water is the summation of:

Line item U34 Volume of recycled water used on-site or in-process
Line item U36 Background leakage from recycled water supply system
volume change within the recycled water supply system.

The volume change within the recycled water supply system is the difference between the volume at the start of 2009–10 and the volume at the end of 2009–10. These volumes were determined by GIS analysis of the recycled water supply system.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Nil.

U36 Background leakage from recycled water supply system

425 ML

Data source

SA Water: geographic information system (GIS) database.
Water Services Association of Australia (WSAA): 2009–10 National Performance Report (WSAA, in preparation).

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

GIS analysis was used to calculate the length of SA Water recycled water supply system pipes within the Adelaide region (323.6 km). The leakage volume was calculated by multiplying this length by the 2009–10 mains loss rate for Adelaide, which was 3.6 kL/km/day (WSAA, in preparation).

Uncertainty

Derived from measured data. Estimated in the range +/–30% to 50%.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

This method assumes a recycled water mains length based on an initial and final length.

U45 Volume applied to landscape from water supplied via the Urban water distribution system

60,554 ML
The volume of irrigation application and other associated activities using potable and recycled water sourced from the water distribution system for 2009–10 is presented in the table below.

Source	Activity	Volume (ML)
SA Water potable	Country lands	2,767
	Household garden watering	34,383
	Mining	156
	Primary production	1,536
	Public institution	2,667
	Public utility	1,230
	Recreation	2,726
	Vacant land	591
	Total potable water	50,947
Source	Wastewater treatment plant	Volume (ML)
SA Water recycled water	Aldinga	328
	Angaston	80
	Bolivar	3,485
	Christies Beach	3,525
	Glenelg	2,134
	Gumeracha	49
	Hahndorf	4
	Myponga	2
	Total recycled water	9.607
Total potable and recycled water used for irrigation		60,554

Data source

SA Water: wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) records.

Data provider

SA Water.

Method

This item comprises irrigation application associated with:

household and municipal activities supplied by SA Water
recycled water produced by SA Water WWTPs used for agriculture, irrigation and municipal purposes

Household and municipal irrigation

A shapefile of the Adelaide region was used to extract the service point numbers (SPNs) of meters within the Adelaide region from the SA Water geographic information system (GIS). The SPNs were then used to extract water meter readings for the 2009–10 for individual water meters from the SA Water customer service information system (CSIS) database.
Water consumption was calculated by analysing the difference between consecutive meter readings and summed for 2009–10. To account for meter readings that occurred immediately before or after the 2009–10, metered consumption was apportioned based on the following equation:

V_r = ( t_r / t_m ) × V_m

Where:

V_m = volume for metered period (kL)

V_r = volume for metered period within 2009–10 (kL)

t_m = length of period between meter readings (days)

t_r = length of metered period within 2009–10 (days).

The volume of potable water used for irrigation was estimated based on the primary land use code for each meter. The assumed proportion for irrigation is summarised by land use in the table below.

Land use	Percentage used for irrigation
Commercial	0
Country lands	100
Industrial	0
Mining	100
Primary production	100
Public institution	40
Public utility	100
Recreational	100
Residential	40
Sundry	0
Vacant land	40

Source: OWS and DFW 2010

Recycled water irrigation

SA Water manages several WWTPs that produce recycled water for irrigation, specifically:

Aldinga
Angaston
Bolivar (municipal water use at Mawson Lakes only)
Christies Beach, including some via an aquifer storage and recovery scheme
Glenelg
Gumeracha
Hahndorf
Myponga.

Recycled water volumes were extracted from a private database held by SA Water for these WWTPs.

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

Calculation	Component	Data source (line item)
Volume of water supplied from irrigation water distribution system =
plus	Volume of water import for irrigation supply	I3 Volume of water import for irrigation supply
plus	Volume of water received from urban recycled water supply system	I5 Volume of water received from urban recycled water supply system
minus	Leakages from irrigation supply system to groundwater	I7 Leakages from irrigation supply system to groundwater

Uncertainty

Ungraded.

Assumptions, approximations and caveats/limitations

The BIL scheme extends beyond the Adelaide region. It is assumed that irrigation application in the area outside the Adelaide region is insignificant.
It is assumed that the unaccounted water in the water year is the same as the financial year.
It is assumed that the unaccounted water is due to leakage from infrastructure.
Losses through the Virginia Pipeline are not reported. These losses are assumed to be insignificant.

National Water Account 2010