Monday, 15 January 2024 - Annual Climate Summary for Victoria - Product code IDCKGC56R0
Victoria in 2023
Rainfall
- For Victoria as a whole, annual rainfall was 628.0 mm and 5.3% below the 1961–1990 average. This was the lowest annual rainfall since 2019.
- Rainfall for 2023 was close to average across most of Victoria, with pockets of above average in some areas of northern Victoria and pockets of the West & South Gippsland districts.
- Rainfall was below average across the south-west and isolated areas of the Central, Mallee, Wimmera, East Gippsland and North East districts.
- July, August and September rainfall were very below average across Victoria and statewide in September it was the lowest rainfall on record.
- Falls Creek (Rocky Valley) recorded the highest annual rainfall total across Victoria at 2203.0 mm and the highest daily rainfall total of 259.4 mm in the 24 hours to 9am on 6 October.
- On several days many sites had their highest daily rainfall on record.
Temperature
- Victoria's mean maximum temperature in 2023 was 0.69 °C above the 1961–1990 average, the warmest since 2019.
- Mean maximum temperatures were above average across Victoria, with the state's east and north-west recording temperatures within the top 10% of historical observations.
- In September, maximum temperatures were the highest on record across much of the state and Victoria had its warmest September daytime temperature on record.
- Mildura Airport recorded the warmest days on average at 25.1 °C and Mount Buller recorded the coldest days on average at 9.8 °C.
- Victoria's mean minimum temperature for 2023 was 0.69 °C above the 1961–1990 average, the lowest since 2021.
- Mean minimum temperatures were above to very much above average across most of the state, and average across the north-west.
- Several sites had their highest mean daily minimum temperature on record.
- In June and December, mean minimum temperatures were above average across most of Victoria and the fifth and sixth-warmest on record, respectively.
- The warmest nights on average was at Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse at 12.5 °C and the coldest nights on average was at Mount Buller at 3.4 °C.
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Extremes in 2023 | |
|---|---|
| Hottest day | 43.2 °C at Mildura Airport on 17 Feb |
| Warmest days on average | 25.1 °C at Mildura Airport |
| Coolest days on average | 9.8 °C at Mount Buller |
| Coldest day | -3.2 °C at Mount Hotham on 7 May |
| Coldest night | -7.2 °C at Falls Creek on 20 Jun |
| Coolest nights on average | 3.4 °C at Mount Buller |
| Warmest nights on average | 12.5 °C at Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse |
| Warmest night | 26.1 °C at Echuca Aerodrome on 13 Dec |
| Warmest on average overall | 17.8 °C at Mildura Airport |
| Coolest on average overall | 6.6 °C at Mount Buller |
| Wettest overall | 2203.0 mm at Falls Creek (Rocky Valley) |
| Wettest day | 259.4 mm at Falls Creek (Rocky Valley) on 6 Oct |
| Strongest wind gust | 139 km/h at Mount Buller on 3 Oct |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Maps | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Observed | Anomaly | Decile rank | |
| Total rainfall |
|
|
|
| Mean daily maximum temperatures |
|
|
|
| Mean daily minimum temperatures |
|
|
|
Click on a map to show it full size in a pop-up window
| Monthly maps | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Rainfall rank | Maximum temperature rank | Minimum temperature rank | |
| January |
|
|
|
| February |
|
|
|
| March |
|
|
|
| April |
|
|
|
| May |
|
|
|
| June |
|
|
|
| July |
|
|
|
| August |
|
|
|
| September |
|
|
|
| October |
|
|
|
| November |
|
|
|
| December |
|
|
|
Click on a map to show it full size in a pop-up window
| Record highest daily rainfall | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (mm) |
Old record |
Years of record |
||||
| Dunolly | 96.2 | on 25 Dec | 91.9 | on 18 Feb 1919 | 142 | |
| Quambatook South | 115.0 | on 25 Dec | 86.0 | on 5 May 1988 | 132 | |
| Boort | 113.4 | on 27 Dec | 83.8 | on 8 Sep 1921 | 129 | |
| Koetong | 187.4 | on 30 Jan | 120.7 | on 28 Feb 1939 | 117 | |
| Cobram (Goulburn Murray) | 90.0 | on 4 Oct | 82.0 | on 1 Mar 2012 | 66 | |
| Ulupna | 87.5 | on 4 Oct | 76.2 | on 21 Mar 1989 | 47 | |
| Morwell (Latrobe Valley Airport) | 96.0 | on 4 Oct | 70.0 | on 12 Apr 2011 | 40 | |
| Falls Creek | 149.4 | on 4 Oct | 131.4 | on 1 Jan 2010 | 32 | |
| Mount Hotham | 198.8 | on 4 Oct | 158.6 | on 30 Dec 2016 | 31 | |
| Hunters Hill | 149.6 | on 30 Jan | 105.2 | on 4 Mar 2012 | 30 | |
| Acheron River @ Taggerty | 135.4 | on 4 Oct | 114.2 | on 2 Dec 2017 | 29 | |
| Myrhee (Handcocks) | 140.0 | on 8 Jun | 119.0 | on 9 May 2016 | 24 | |
| Tolmie (Mount Tabletop Repeater) | 123.0 | on 4 Oct | 113.0 | on 3 Feb 2005 | 24 | |
| Traralgon EPA | 89.4 | on 4 Oct | 66.6 | on 7 Mar 2010 | 24 | |
| Halls (Buckland River at Twelve Mile) | 167.0 | on 4 Oct | 127.2 | on 28 Feb 2012 | 23 | |
| Marysville Golf Course | 105.0 | on 4 Oct | 92.2 | on 31 Aug 2005 | 21 | |
| Jamieson Licola Rd | 138.0 | on 4 Oct | 137.6 | on 2 Dec 2017 | 20 | |
| Record lowest daily maximum temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Annual average |
|||
| Shepparton Airport | 6.6 | on 21 Jun | 6.7 | on 11 Jul 1996 | 28 | 22.4 |
| Record highest annual mean daily minimum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Annual average |
||
| Laverton RAAF | 10.8 | 10.7 | in 2016 | 80 | 9.4 |
| Portland Airport | 10.0 | = 10.0 | in 2013 | 41 | 9.4 |
| Cerberus | 10.6 | 10.5 | in 2016 | 32 | 9.9 |
| Mortlake Racecourse | 8.4 | = 8.4 | in 2022 | 32 | 7.6 |
| Cape Nelson Lighthouse | 12.0 | = 12.0 | in 2013 | 27 | 11.5 |
| Colac (Mount Gellibrand) | 9.3 | = 9.3 | in 2014 | 23 | 8.9 |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Summary statistics for 2023 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum temperatures (°C) |
Minimum temperatures (°C) |
Rainfall (millimetres) |
||||||||||
| Mean for 2023 |
Diff from average |
Highest for 2023 |
Mean for 2023 |
Diff from average |
Lowest for 2023 |
Total for 2023 |
Average annual total |
Rank of 2023 |
Fraction of annual average |
|||
| North Mallee (district 76) | ||||||||||||
| Mildura Airport | 25.1 | +1.1 | 43.2 | 17 Feb | 10.4 | 0.0 | -1.3 | 19 Jul | 271.6 | 285.2 | average | 95% |
| Ouyen (Post Office) | 24.4 | +0.6 | 42.3 | 17 Feb | 9.9 | +0.2 | 0.0 | 17 Jul | 329.0 | 330.2 | average | 100% |
| Walpeup Research | 24.4 | +1.1 | 42.3 | 17 Jan | 9.9 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 9 Sep | 356.6 | 331.3 | average | 108% |
| South Mallee (district 77) | ||||||||||||
| Swan Hill Aerodrome | 23.9 | 0.0 | 42.6 | 17 Feb | 9.4 | 0.0 | -1.5 | 21 Jun | 468.2 | 317.1 | high | 148% |
| North Wimmera (district 78) | ||||||||||||
| Kellalac (Warracknabeal Airport) | 22.7 | 40.2 | 12 Dec | 8.4 | -2.8 | 19 Jul | 302.4 | |||||
| Nhill Aerodrome | 22.0 | -0.4 | 39.9 | 17 Jan | 8.6 | -0.1 | -3.0 | 19 Jul | ||||
| South Wimmera (district 79) | ||||||||||||
| Edenhope Airport | 20.4 | -0.6 | 39.2 | 14 Jan | 8.8 | 0.0 | -0.9 | 19 Jul | 506.8 | 505.6 | average | 100% |
| Grampians (Mount William) | 12.3 | -0.4 | 30.2 | 10 Feb | 5.1 | -0.1 | -1.6 | 21 Jun | ||||
| Horsham Aerodrome | 21.8 | -0.3 | 39.3 | 17 Jan | 7.4 | +0.1 | -4.3 | 19 Jul | 429.2 | 379.6 | high | 113% |
| Kanagulk | 20.5 | -0.4 | 38.7 | 16 Feb | 8.1 | 0.0 | -2.8 | 19 Jul | 560.4 | 491.4 | high | 114% |
| Longerenong | 22.1 | +0.5 | 40.5 | 10 Feb | 7.7 | -0.2 | -3.9 | 19 Jul | 455.4 | 416.5 | average | 109% |
| Pyrenees (Ben Nevis) | 15.7 | 0.0 | 36.0 | 17 Feb | 7.1 | 0.0 | -0.3 | 20 Jun | 632.2 | 733.5 | low | 86% |
| Stawell Aerodrome | 20.3 | -0.3 | 38.1 | 10 Feb | 8.6 | +0.1 | -1.6 | 21 Jun | 457.4 | 479.2 | average | 95% |
| Lower North (district 80) | ||||||||||||
| Charlton | 23.0 | -0.1 | 42.2 | 17 Feb | 8.6 | -0.4 | -3.0 | 19 Jul | 360.6 | 377.6 | average | 95% |
| Kerang | 23.5 | +0.6 | 42.9 | 17 Feb | 9.9 | +0.4 | -1.1 | 21 Jun | 432.1 | 373.3 | high | 116% |
| Kyabram | 22.5 | +0.7 | 41.7 | 17 Feb | 9.4 | +0.7 | -1.5 | 16 Aug | 477.2 | 451.2 | average | 106% |
| Upper North (district 81) | ||||||||||||
| Bendigo Airport | 21.6 | +0.4 | 41.0 | 17 Feb | 8.5 | +0.4 | -3.9 | 16 Aug | 532.6 | 510.7 | average | 104% |
| Shepparton Airport | 22.4 | 0.0 | 40.9 | 17 Feb | 9.3 | +0.5 | -1.5 | 20 Jun | 531.6 | 448.9 | high | 118% |
| Tatura Inst Sustainable Ag | 21.7 | +0.2 | 40.0 | 17 Feb | 9.2 | +0.7 | -2.0 | 16 Aug | 480.6 | 482.7 | average | 100% |
| Yarrawonga | 23.1 | +0.1 | 40.8 | 17 Feb | 9.1 | +0.1 | -2.3 | 20 Jul | 493.8 | 477.8 | average | 103% |
| Lower Northeast (district 82) | ||||||||||||
| Benalla Airport | 21.9 | -0.4 | 39.1 | 17 Feb | 8.8 | +0.2 | -1.9 | 19 May | 788.8 | 615.8 | high | 128% |
| Corryong Airport | 21.6 | -0.1 | 38.0 | 19 Mar | 7.3 | +0.4 | -3.0 | 20 Jun | 820.4 | 826.6 | average | 99% |
| Hunters Hill | 16.5 | 0.0 | 31.4 | 19 Mar | 8.3 | +0.3 | -2.0 | 20 Jun | 1238.2 | 1231.1 | average | 101% |
| Rutherglen Research | 22.7 | +0.9 | 38.6 | 17 Feb | 7.4 | +0.1 | -4.1 | 19 May | 781.4 | 588.5 | high | 133% |
| Strathbogie | 37.3 | 17 Feb | 6.5 | +0.3 | -4.5 | 21 Jun | 875.2 | 961.9 | average | 91% | ||
| Wangaratta Aero | 22.2 | 0.0 | 39.2 | 17 Feb | 8.0 | +0.4 | -2.7 | 19 May | 626.8 | 614.1 | average | 102% |
| Upper Northeast (district 83) | ||||||||||||
| Mount Buller | 9.8 | +0.5 | 23.3 | 17 Feb | 3.4 | +0.5 | -6.7 | 21 Jun | 1716.4 | 1582.3 | average | 108% |
| Omeo | 19.0 | +0.3 | 32.6 | 19 Mar | 5.8 | +0.1 | -6.0 | 19 Jul | 733.2 | 677.4 | average | 108% |
| East Gippsland (district 84) | ||||||||||||
| Combienbar AWS | 18.4 | +0.2 | 33.5 | 13 Dec | 9.3 | +0.2 | 1.5 | 20 Jul | ||||
| Gabo Island Lighthouse | 19.1 | +1.2 | 34.6 | 19 Sep | 6.8 | 9 Aug | 937.2 | 939.0 | average | 100% | ||
| Gelantipy | 17.0 | +0.4 | 31.2 | 13 Dec | 7.1 | +0.3 | -1.2 | 20 Jul | 712.0 | 793.8 | average | 90% |
| Lakes Entrance (Eastern Beach Road) | 19.8 | +0.1 | 36.5 | 17 Feb | 2.2 | 3 Sep | 709.6 | 734.7 | average | 97% | ||
| Mallacoota | 20.0 | +0.4 | 34.7 | 19 Sep | 11.4 | +0.4 | 1.4 | 26 Jun | 898.0 | 938.9 | average | 96% |
| Mount Nowa Nowa | 19.5 | +0.5 | 36.4 | 13 Dec | 10.3 | +0.2 | 2.4 | 20 Jun | 798.8 | 831.2 | average | 96% |
| Orbost | 20.6 | +0.2 | 36.5 | 18 Mar | 10.3 | +0.2 | 0.4 | 20 Jul | 620.0 | 776.3 | low | 80% |
| West Gippsland (district 85) | ||||||||||||
| Bairnsdale Airport | 20.8 | +0.5 | 38.6 | 17 Feb | 8.9 | +0.5 | -2.1 | 27 Jul | 598.4 | 648.0 | average | 92% |
| Corner Inlet (Yanakie) | 18.6 | -0.2 | 38.9 | 17 Feb | 10.7 | +0.5 | 1.1 | 16 Aug | 896.8 | 779.1 | high | 115% |
| East Sale | 20.4 | +0.7 | 39.5 | 17 Feb | 9.1 | +0.9 | -2.3 | 20 Jul | 720.8 | 595.0 | high | 121% |
| East Sale Airport | 20.6 | 39.5 | 17 Feb | 8.9 | -1.9 | 20 Jul | 720.8 | |||||
| Morwell (Latrobe Valley Airport) | 20.3 | +0.2 | 39.5 | 17 Feb | 8.7 | +0.4 | -2.6 | 16 Aug | 740.4 | 740.9 | average | 100% |
| Mount Baw Baw | 10.0 | +0.5 | 26.1 | 12 Dec | 3.5 | +0.5 | -4.8 | 21 Jun | 1728.4 | 1793.2 | average | 96% |
| Mount Moornapa | 18.9 | +0.2 | 36.9 | 17 Feb | 9.7 | +0.5 | 1.7 | 20 Jun | 1087.6 | 879.1 | high | 124% |
| Nilma North (Warragul) | 19.4 | -0.3 | 39.0 | 17 Feb | 9.2 | +0.2 | -1.7 | 16 Aug | 907.2 | |||
| Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse | 16.9 | +0.5 | 30.9 | 17 Feb | 12.5 | +1.1 | 6.5 | 18 Jun | 1072.2 | 1058.6 | average | 101% |
| Yarram Airport | 20.1 | +0.2 | 40.5 | 17 Feb | 8.7 | +0.2 | -3.7 | 17 Aug | 613.8 | 631.5 | average | 97% |
| East Central (district 86) | ||||||||||||
| Cerberus | 19.4 | +0.2 | 39.4 | 17 Feb | 10.6 | +0.7 | -0.9 | 16 Aug | 666.4 | 721.3 | average | 92% |
| Coldstream | 20.5 | 0.0 | 39.7 | 17 Feb | 8.4 | +0.9 | -2.9 | 16 Aug | 777.6 | 757.6 | average | 103% |
| Essendon Airport | 20.4 | +0.6 | 41.3 | 17 Feb | 11.0 | +1.5 | -0.1 | 16 Aug | 544.0 | 586.4 | average | 93% |
| Ferny Creek | 16.5 | -0.3 | 35.8 | 17 Feb | 9.0 | 0.0 | 1.9 | 9 Sep | 1382.2 | |||
| Frankston (Ballam Park) | 19.7 | 39.1 | 17 Feb | 11.0 | 1.3 | 16 Aug | 613.6 | |||||
| Melbourne (Olympic Park) | 20.2 | -0.2 | 40.5 | 17 Feb | 11.9 | +0.2 | 1.6 | 16 Aug | 575.4 | |||
| Melbourne Airport | 20.4 | +0.5 | 41.3 | 17 Feb | 10.2 | +0.6 | 0.5 | 16 Aug | 424.4 | 538.6 | low | 79% |
| Moorabbin Airport | 20.2 | +0.3 | 41.4 | 17 Feb | 11.1 | +0.9 | 0.0 | 16 Aug | 661.0 | 704.3 | average | 94% |
| Rhyll | 19.2 | +0.4 | 37.2 | 17 Feb | 12.3 | +0.5 | 5.1 | 14 Aug | 664.6 | 704.9 | average | 94% |
| Scoresby Research Institute | 20.4 | +0.7 | 39.9 | 17 Feb | 10.3 | +0.7 | -0.8 | 16 Aug | 721.6 | 855.1 | low | 84% |
| Viewbank | 20.9 | 0.0 | 41.4 | 17 Feb | 10.3 | +0.3 | -1.3 | 16 Aug | 677.0 | 679.2 | average | 100% |
| West Central (district 87) | ||||||||||||
| Avalon Airport | 20.5 | +0.1 | 40.8 | 17 Feb | 9.9 | +0.5 | -2.0 | 16 Aug | 351.2 | 453.9 | low | 77% |
| Breakwater (Geelong Racecourse) | 20.0 | -0.2 | 40.3 | 17 Feb | 10.6 | +0.4 | 0.7 | 21 Jun | 423.6 | 534.7 | v low | 79% |
| Laverton RAAF | 20.5 | +0.7 | 42.0 | 17 Feb | 10.8 | +1.4 | -0.6 | 16 Aug | 488.4 | 535.4 | average | 91% |
| Point Cook RAAF | 20.0 | 41.8 | 17 Feb | 10.8 | -0.4 | 16 Aug | 459.6 | |||||
| She Oaks | 19.0 | +0.1 | 38.5 | 17 Feb | 9.0 | +0.5 | -1.4 | 27 Jul | 511.0 | 509.3 | average | 100% |
| North Central (district 88) | ||||||||||||
| Eildon Fire Tower | 18.0 | +0.1 | 35.9 | 17 Feb | 8.7 | +0.2 | 1.0 | 20 Jun | ||||
| Lake Eildon | 21.1 | +0.5 | 38.2 | 17 Feb | 8.8 | +0.8 | 0.0 | 6 Aug | 934.8 | 851.4 | average | 110% |
| Mangalore Airport | 21.5 | +0.4 | 41.2 | 17 Feb | 8.5 | +0.1 | -3.1 | 19 Jul | 598.2 | 568.4 | average | 105% |
| Maryborough | 20.9 | +0.4 | 40.0 | 17 Feb | 8.5 | +0.4 | -1.9 | 16 Aug | 490.4 | 527.4 | average | 93% |
| Puckapunyal Lyon Hill (Defence) | 21.1 | 40.9 | 17 Feb | 9.7 | -1.4 | 20 Jun | 599.6 | |||||
| Puckapunyal West (Defence) | 20.4 | 40.5 | 17 Feb | 9.1 | -1.0 | 20 Jun | 573.8 | |||||
| Wallan (Kilmore Gap) | 17.1 | +0.2 | 37.8 | 17 Feb | 8.3 | +0.2 | 1.5 | 21 Jun | 661.2 | 699.9 | average | 94% |
| Western Plains (district 89) | ||||||||||||
| Ararat Prison | 19.8 | +0.5 | 38.2 | 17 Feb | 7.8 | +0.7 | -3.0 | 19 Jul | 530.0 | 585.9 | average | 90% |
| Ballarat Aerodrome | 18.1 | +0.6 | 38.5 | 17 Feb | 7.5 | +0.4 | -3.9 | 15 Aug | 580.8 | 687.8 | low | 84% |
| Westmere | 19.4 | -0.4 | 39.0 | 12 Dec | 7.9 | +0.5 | -3.1 | 15 Aug | 480.0 | 525.6 | average | 91% |
| West Coast (district 90) | ||||||||||||
| Aireys Inlet | 18.6 | +0.2 | 37.0 | 17 Feb | 11.0 | +0.3 | 4.7 | 15 Aug | ||||
| Cape Nelson Lighthouse | 17.5 | -0.2 | 37.0 | 24 Feb | 12.0 | +0.5 | 4.0 | 19 Jul | 692.2 | 711.3 | average | 97% |
| Cape Otway Lighthouse | 17.2 | -0.1 | 34.4 | 24 Feb | 11.8 | +1.1 | 4.8 | 14 Aug | 827.4 | 895.5 | average | 92% |
| Casterton | 19.2 | -0.7 | 38.2 | 14 Jan | 8.6 | +0.3 | -1.3 | 15 Aug | 685.2 | 649.8 | average | 105% |
| Colac (Mount Gellibrand) | 18.5 | +0.1 | 38.1 | 17 Jan | 9.3 | +0.4 | 2.4 | 20 Jun | 562.0 | 539.9 | average | 104% |
| Dartmoor | 19.3 | -0.5 | 38.6 | 14 Jan | 9.2 | +0.5 | -1.7 | 15 Aug | 780.8 | 745.5 | average | 105% |
| Hamilton Airport | 18.9 | -0.3 | 37.2 | 14 Jan | 8.2 | +0.5 | -0.9 | 15 Aug | 645.6 | 619.7 | average | 104% |
| Mortlake Racecourse | 19.3 | -0.1 | 37.5 | 8 Dec | 8.4 | +0.8 | -1.3 | 15 Aug | 566.2 | 589.5 | average | 96% |
| Port Fairy AWS | 18.7 | +0.1 | 38.0 | 17 Jan | 10.9 | +0.5 | 1.5 | 15 Aug | 683.0 | 684.1 | average | 100% |
| Portland Airport | 17.7 | 0.0 | 36.2 | 24 Feb | 10.0 | +0.6 | 2.0 | 2 Oct | 853.6 | 843.2 | average | 101% |
| Warrnambool Airport NDB | 18.6 | -0.4 | 38.5 | 17 Jan | 9.0 | +0.4 | -0.6 | 15 Aug | 688.0 | 737.6 | average | 93% |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
Notes
The Annual climate summary, lists the main features of the weather in Victoria using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated.
This statement has been prepared based on information available at 1 pm on Monday 15 January 2024. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.
Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from
all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site.
They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
mean
of long-term average rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.
Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.
Information about Australian Indigenous seasonal calendars is available at the Indigenous Weather Knowledge website.
Unless otherwise noted, all maps, graphs and diagrams in this page are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
