Remote Islands and Antarctica in November 2021

Australia's Indian Ocean islands

  • At Christmas Island Aero, rain was recorded on most days during the month, resulting in a monthly total of around 564 mm, more than three times the November average.
  • The month was also wetter than average at Cocos Island Airport, with rainfall totals 34% above the November average.
  • Mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures were close to average at both Christmas Island Aero and Cocos Island Airport.
  • Cocos Island Aero had its lowest November mean daily maximum temperature since 2000.

Australia's Pacific Ocean islands

  • Norfolk Island Aero recorded just 34 mm during the month, which was less than a half of its November average.
  • Lord Howe Island Aero's rainfall for the month was three quarters of its November average, with the passage of a strong cold front on the 12th bringing a daily total of 51 mm, the sites highest total in November since 2013.
  • Mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures were warmer than the November average at both Lord Howe Aero and Norfolk Island Aero.
  • Norfolk Island had its highest November mean daily minimum temperature since 1995.

Australia's Antarctic and sub-Antarctic territories

  • Total monthly wind run was above average at Mawson, but below average at Davis and Casey.
  • The strongest wind gust recorded during the month was 198 km/h at Mawson station on the 18th.
  • The coldest temperature recorded during the month was −19.3 °C at Davis station on the 4th.
  • Both mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures were below the November average at each of the Australian Antarctic stations.
  • Casey had its lowest November mean daily maximum temperature since 1989.
  • Davis had its lowest November mean daily minimum temperature since 1977.
  • Precipitation at Macquarie Island was recorded on most days of the month, and total monthly precipitation was slightly above the November average.
  • At Macquarie Island, both mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures were more than a degree above average for the month.
  • Macquarie Island had its highest November mean daily minimum temperature on record.

Further information

Media
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Lowest November mean daily maximum temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)
Most recent
lower
Average for
November
Casey -3.8 -4.7 in 1989 -2.3
Cocos Island Airport 28.8 28.6 in 2000 29.1



Record highest November mean daily minimum temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
November
Macquarie Island 4.2 4.1 in 2018 73 2.8

Highest November mean daily minimum temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)
Most recent
higher
Average for
November
Norfolk Island Aero 17.4 17.8 in 1995 16.2



Lowest November mean daily minimum temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)
Most recent
lower
Average for
November
Davis -10.5 -10.7 in 1977 -7.5



Lowest November mean temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)
Most recent
lower
Average for
November
Casey -7.4 -8.0 in 1989 -5.5
Davis -7.1 -7.7 in 1999 -4.8



Summary statistics for November 2021
Maximum temperatures
(°C)
Minimum temperatures
(°C)
Precipitation
(millimetres)
Mean for
November
2021
Diff
from
average
Highest for
November
2021
Mean for
November
2021
Diff
from
average
Lowest for
November
2021
Total for
November
2021
Average
for
November
Rank of
November
2021
Fraction of
November
average
Offshore Islands (district 200)
Christmas Island Aero 27.2 -0.2 29.3 25th 22.7 -0.2 20.5 29th 563.8 167.2 v high 337%
Cocos Island Airport 28.8 -0.3 30.5 27th 24.6 +0.1 23.3 16th 134.0 100.3 high 134%
Lord Howe Island Aero 23.2 +0.8 25.6 12th 18.0 +0.6 12.1 16th 84.2 111.9 average 75%
Norfolk Island Aero 22.4 +0.6 24.8 30th 17.4 +1.2 13.7 5th 34.0 73.6 low 46%
Antarctica and Macquarie Is. (district 300)
Casey -3.8 -1.5 1.4 29th -11.0 -2.3 -17.6 10th 11.0 12.0 average 92%
Davis -3.7 -1.6 4.0 30th -10.5 -3.0 -19.3 4th 3.0 2.3 high 130%
Macquarie Island 7.8 +1.2 9.0 10th 4.2 +1.4 1.1 2nd 78.4 73.8 average 106%
Mawson -3.3 -0.8 3.6 21st -10.1 -1.4 -18.6 3rd
Note: Precipitation values from Casey and Davis should be used with caution.

Daily maximum temperatures for November 2021
Offshore Islands (200)123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Christmas Island Aero26.526.627.625.126.725.426.927.426.626.827.627.527.627.726.927.226.725.426.624.526.626.528.129.329.327.929.028.528.628.3
Cocos Island Airport28.228.028.628.628.028.728.228.627.429.029.429.930.429.427.328.927.827.928.729.629.329.227.728.428.829.630.530.229.029.4
Lord Howe Island Aero21.321.321.721.021.321.822.322.524.423.623.725.625.022.824.323.321.921.622.823.923.723.923.523.123.824.723.524.823.624.5
Norfolk Island Aero19.620.019.919.920.720.621.222.021.621.823.123.924.623.324.524.421.722.622.322.822.422.022.522.123.323.123.823.624.324.8
Antarctica and Macquarie Is. (300)123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Casey-5.1-2.9-3.5-4.2-3.9-6.9-8.0-8.2-7.7-7.0-6.8-7.2-1.5-2.5-2.5-6.5-2.5-3.2-3.9-5.8-2.3-3.2-3.4-4.9-3.4-0.30.01.41.41.2
Davis-10.9-6.2-6.6-11.8-8.9-6.7-7.6-7.0-5.6-6.1-4.7-3.6-1.9-1.9-1.9-3.2-1.81.50.83.2-3.9-5.4-2.3-4.2-3.8-3.9-1.9-0.92.34.0
Macquarie Island6.08.18.47.97.57.97.28.28.29.08.75.77.48.37.08.28.87.87.77.47.68.88.68.87.97.18.27.55.87.9
Mawson-7.2-8.3-8.7-8.0-5.3-4.9-6.9-6.6-6.1-4.6-5.6-3.9-1.9-2.5-3.8-4.6-5.9-4.2-2.73.23.60.3-2.51.21.31.7-2.9-0.6-0.5-1.1
Values are the maximum temperature, usually in the 24 hours from 9 am on the day indicated,
and typically occurred in the afternoon of that day.
Temperatures coloured according to their difference
from the long-term average for the period
-10.0 -9.0 -8.0 -7.0 -6.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 +1.0 +2.0 +3.0 +4.0 +5.0 +6.0 +7.0 +8.0 +9.0 +10.0 °C Grey outline marks highest
and lowest for the period

Daily minimum temperatures for November 2021
Offshore Islands (200)123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Christmas Island Aero21.522.122.823.722.823.123.023.522.622.922.222.322.823.224.023.122.823.122.323.023.023.523.322.622.223.021.722.320.522.5
Cocos Island Airport25.123.424.223.824.524.523.825.024.123.723.725.126.424.424.523.324.124.725.125.325.225.223.623.824.924.825.025.624.925.4
Lord Howe Island Aero14.115.615.917.116.116.217.819.218.316.720.520.921.919.016.212.115.612.813.218.720.020.819.819.919.120.921.622.019.119.9
Norfolk Island Aero14.614.214.814.613.715.714.315.415.517.118.619.821.020.816.016.916.914.918.118.818.919.919.318.318.216.919.219.520.218.9
Antarctica and Macquarie Is. (300)123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Casey-12.7-8.9-7.9-9.1-8.0-13.2-16.9-13.2-16.8-17.6-16.5-15.9-15.1-8.2-5.9-16.7-13.7-13.0-11.5-12.2-14.8-10.7-8.0-9.5-8.1-10.9-6.2-4.4-3.4-2.0
Davis-12.6-14.3-15.3-19.3-17.5-15.7-17.9-14.6-15.6-11.3-10.0-12.9-7.2-5.4-6.1-7.5-13.0-7.9-6.1-7.7-7.3-11.0-9.4-10.1-9.9-10.1-8.3-6.8-2.5-2.5
Macquarie Island2.71.14.65.96.16.16.23.35.63.86.14.92.64.16.31.44.33.02.91.23.33.95.56.86.51.52.46.65.32.9
Mawson-16.6-16.7-18.6-16.2-13.9-11.8-9.5-11.1-9.4-9.1-11.0-9.7-9.2-6.0-7.6-15.4-9.9-7.9-7.0-7.6-4.5-5.8-9.7-8.4-5.4-8.4-9.2-9.6-8.1-8.6
Values are the minimum temperature, usually in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated,
and typically occurred that morning.
Temperatures coloured according to their difference
from the long-term average for the period
-10.0 -9.0 -8.0 -7.0 -6.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 +1.0 +2.0 +3.0 +4.0 +5.0 +6.0 +7.0 +8.0 +9.0 +10.0 °C Grey outline marks highest
and lowest for the period

Daily precipitation for November 2021
Offshore Islands (200)123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Christmas Island Aero - 3.2 1.0 6.0 47.0 55.8 49.2 7.4 51.6 38.2 37.0 0.6 - 0.4 100 52.4 24.0 43.6 31.0 3.2 4.0 0.2 - 0.2 7.6 - -
Cocos Island Airport - 0.2 0.2 1.2
- 0.4 - 0.6 14.6 16.4 34.8 - 6.0 18.6
11.2
- - - - 5.4 1.0 1.8
1.8 1.4 18.2 0.2
Lord Howe Island (Milky Way) - - 0.2 - 0.8 - 5.4 - 17.0 - - 44.4 0.6 - 6.8 - 1.8 - - - - 0.2 - 0.4 0.4 - - 4.4 0.2 -
Lord Howe Island Aero - - - - - 0.4 - - 15.4 - 0.2 51.0 0.6 0.2 4.8 0.2 6.6 - - - - - 0.2 0.2 - 0.2 - 3.6 0.4 0.2
Norfolk Island Aero 11.4 1.2 2.0 0.8 0.2 - - - - - 1.8 - - 1.0 0.2 - - 1.2 1.4 - 0.8 9.4 2.4 0.2 - - - - - -
Antarctica and Macquarie Is. (300)123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Casey - 3.2 5.4 - 0.2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1.0 0.4 - 0.8
Davis 0.4 0.2 - - - - - - - - 0.8 -
0.6 0.2 0.2 0.6 - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Macquarie Island 2.4 0.6 0.2 7.0 - - 13.0 2.4 0.2 - - 0.2 0.6 1.8 2.6 7.4 1.4 1.2 4.0 2.2 2.0 1.8 - 1.2 4.0 1.4 2.6 4.4 9.0 4.8
Most values are the precipitation in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated. Days marked with → are part of a longer accumulation, which is shown on the final day.
Values over 100 mm have been rounded to the nearest whole millimetre.
Days marked with - have a precipitation report of zero; days left blank have no precipitation report (which often indicates no precipitation fell).
Precipitations coloured
according to the amount
0 1.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 25.0 50.0 100 150 200 300 400 600 millimetres

Map of the areas covered by this summary

Notes

The Monthly climate summary, generally published on the first working day of each month, lists the main features of the weather in Remote Islands and Antarctica using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. More extensive discussion of significant weather events, along with later information and data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review.

This statement has been prepared based on information available at 4 pm on Wednesday 1 December 2021. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.

In some situations, some or all of the precipitation is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.

Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site. They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median is sometimes more representative than the mean of long-term average precipitation.

The Rank indicates how precipitation this time compares with the climate record for the site, based on the decile ranking (very low precipitation is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3, average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9 and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much precipitation has fallen this time as a percentage of the long-term mean.

Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.

Further information

Media
(03) 9669 4057

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