Greater Melbourne in October 2022: much wetter than average

Rainfall in October was very much above average across Greater Melbourne, and for some sites it was the highest on record. Mean maximum temperatures were below average, while mean minimum temperatures were above average at all reporting sites.

Much wetter than average

  • Rainfall in October was much above average across Greater Melbourne, and for some sites it was the highest on record.
  • Most of the rain fell between the 6th and 8th, the 13th and 16th, and between the 22nd and the end of the month.
  • Several sites had their highest October daily rainfall on record on the 13th and 14th.
  • The highest daily rainfall total in Greater Melbourne was 82.2 mm recorded at Willowmavin in the 24 hours to 9 am on the 13th.
  • Many sites had their highest total October rainfall on record, or highest total October rainfall for at least 20 years.
  • Ferny Creek was the wettest location in Greater Melbourne, with 317.0 mm for the month.
  • Melbourne (Olympic Park) recorded October rainfall of 149.0 mm, which was more than double the city's long-term average of 66.0 mm.

Cold days

  • Mean maximum temperatures were below average across Greater Melbourne.
  • Averaged across all reporting sites, the October mean maximum temperature was the coldest since 2016.
  • On the 4th, 5th, 8th, 9th and 28th, daily maximum temperatures were more than 5 degrees cooler than average.
  • The coldest day in Greater Melbourne was the 28th, when most sites reported maximum temperatures below 15 °C; Ferny Creek recorded 9.8 °C on the 28th, the lowest daytime temperature in Greater Melbourne this month.
  • Days were only warmer than average on the 11th, between the 19th and 21st, and on the 25th and 31st; the highest daily maximum temperature this month was 26.3 °C at Olympic Park on the 21st.
  • Mean minimum temperatures ranged from 0.1 °C warmer than average at Scoresby Research to 1.6 °C warmer than average at Coldstream.
  • The warmest night in Greater Melbourne this month saw 16.3 °C at Scoresby Research on the 22nd.

Melbourne (Olympic Park)

  • Total rainfall for Melbourne (Olympic Park) was 149.0 mm.
  • The mean daily maximum temperature for Melbourne (Olympic Park) was 19.2 °C.
  • The warmest day was 26.3 °C on the 21st, and the coolest day was on the 5th when the temperature reached 14.5 °C.
  • The mean daily minimum temperature for Melbourne (Olympic Park) was 10.7 °C.
  • The coldest morning was 5.3 °C on the 10th, and the warmest morning was on the 22nd when the minimum temperature was 16.1 °C.

Thunderstorms and flash floods

  • On the 7th, parts of Greater Melbourne, particularly the south-eastern suburbs, had thunderstorms, heavy rainfall and flash flooding. Frankston North recorded 37.8 mm, most of which fell in about 2 hours.
  • Severe thunderstorms developed on the 25th over Melbourne's outer-east, bringing heavy rainfall and flash flooding.

Further information

Media
(03) 9669 4057

Extremes in October 2022
Hottest day 26.3 °C at Melbourne (Olympic Park) on the 21st
Warmest days on average 19.4 °C at Coldstream
19.4 °C at Viewbank
Coolest days on average 15.5 °C at Ferny Creek
Coldest day 9.8 °C at Ferny Creek on the 28th
Coldest night 0.9 °C at Coldstream on the 10th
Coolest nights on average 7.9 °C at Wallan (Kilmore Gap)
Warmest nights on average 10.7 °C at Melbourne (Olympic Park)
Warmest night 16.3 °C at Scoresby Research Institute on the 22nd
Warmest on average overall 14.9 °C at Melbourne (Olympic Park)
Coolest on average overall 11.7 °C at Wallan (Kilmore Gap)
Wettest overall 317.0 mm at Ferny Creek
Wettest day 82.2 mm at Willowmavin (Avalon Station) on the 13th
Strongest wind gust 128 km/h at Fawkner Beacon on the 31st

Record highest October daily rainfall
New record
(mm)
Old
record
Years of
record
Romsey 58.2 on the 14th 55.8 on the 31st in 2010 51
Kinglake West 73.2 on the 14th 67.2 on the 31st in 2010 31
Newham (Cobaw) 71.8 on the 13th 64.4 on the 24th in 2000 28
Willowmavin (Avalon Station) 82.2 on the 13th 46.4 on the 31st in 2010 22



Record highest October total rainfall
New record
(mm)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
October
Woodend 234.8 196.4 in 1975 119 77.0
Springvale Necropolis 173.8 171.5 in 1975 75 81.8
Moorabbin Airport 176.8 165.4 in 1975 71 70.3
Bonbeach (Carrum (Patterson River Countr 162.1 136.6 in 2010 62 69.9
Melbourne Airport 151.4 143.8 in 1975 53 56.1
Romsey 203.0 201.7 in 1975 51 69.9
Greenvale Reservoir 169.0 152.6 in 2000 49 57.5
Wallan 162.0 127.4 in 1992 42 61.7
Upper Plenty 193.8 140.8 in 1992 35 66.0
Cerberus 138.2 130.2 in 1986 33 68.1
Kinglake West 294.2 200.2 in 2010 31 99.9
Springvale (Sandown) 157.2 157.0 in 2010 31 70.7
Coldstream 220.6 161.6 in 2021 29 74.5
Wallan (Kilmore Gap) 194.0 130.4 in 2010 29 57.4
Newham (Cobaw) 256.8 148.0 in 2010 25 63.7
Viewbank 203.0 148.6 in 2010 22 71.3
Willowmavin (Avalon Station) 305.8 119.6 in 2010 22 59.8
Burnside 230.6 122.1 in 2020 20 56.0

Highest October total rainfall for at least 20 years
Observed
(mm)
Most recent
higher
Average for
October
Toorourrong Reservoir (Toorourrong) 202.6 233.4 in 1934 79.3
Yan Yean 170.6 195.5 in 1934* 66.9
Eltham 188.4 201.2 in 1934* 71.5
Laverton RAAF 154.2 165.4 in 1975 56.0
Hesket (Straws Lane) 217.8 254.1 in 1975* 83.0
Kinglake West (Wallaby Creek) 237.4 254.8 in 1975* 110.3
Mitcham 154.0 159.4 in 1975* 82.5
Preston Reservoir 168.4 185.0 in 1975* 66.3
Macedon Forestry 172.8 212.3 in 1975* 81.8
Melbourne Botanical Gardens 159.8 162.8 in 1975* 64.8
Warburton (O'Shannassy Reservoir (Quarte 225.4 321.6 in 1989 138.0
Essendon Airport 137.2 140.6 in 1983* 60.4
Scoresby Research Institute 161.4 171.2 in 2001 84.4

* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a higher value has gone unreported





Summary statistics for October 2022
Maximum temperatures
(°C)
Minimum temperatures
(°C)
Rainfall
(millimetres)
Mean for
October
2022
Diff
from
average
Highest for
October
2022
Mean for
October
2022
Diff
from
average
Lowest for
October
2022
Total for
October
2022
Average
for
October
Rank of
October
2022
Fraction of
October
average
Cerberus 18.0 -0.7 25.4 21st 9.1 +0.2 2.9 10th 138.2 68.1 highest 203%
Coldstream 19.4 -0.4 26.1 21st 8.3 +1.6 0.9 10th 220.6 74.5 highest 296%
Essendon Airport 19.0 -0.5 26.1 21st 9.5 +1.1 3.1 10th 137.2 60.4 v high 227%
Ferny Creek 15.5 -1.4 22.7 21st 8.4 +0.3 3.8 9th 317.0 138.6 v high 229%
Frankston (Ballam Park) 18.5   25.3 21st 10.0   4.3 10th 190.0
Laverton RAAF 18.7 -0.7 24.8 21st 9.4 +1.1 3.1 17th 154.2 56.0 v high 275%
Melbourne (Olympic Park) 19.2   26.3 21st 10.7   5.3 10th 149.0
Melbourne Airport 18.9 -0.6 25.3 21st 9.1 +0.6 3.2 10th 151.4 56.1 highest 270%
Moorabbin Airport 18.8 -0.5 25.9 21st 9.7 +0.4 4.2 17th 176.8 70.3 highest 251%
Scoresby Research Institute 18.8 -0.4 25.6 21st 8.9 +0.1 2.2 17th 161.4 84.4 v high 191%
Viewbank 19.4 -1.1 25.7 21st 9.2 +0.2 2.4 10th 203.0 71.3 highest 285%
Wallan (Kilmore Gap) 15.6 -0.7 21.9 21st 7.9 +1.0 3.0 9th 194.0 57.4 highest 338%

Daily maximum temperatures for October 2022
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
Cerberus18.316.117.814.514.121.419.214.314.016.521.617.716.117.318.315.715.319.521.020.525.418.318.522.119.517.414.816.521.4
Coldstream20.018.921.417.915.119.318.515.815.119.021.217.818.217.118.017.217.920.323.325.226.121.021.522.025.319.116.113.816.720.821.8
Essendon Airport18.417.621.115.614.620.419.615.714.718.420.717.516.417.518.117.116.220.521.721.126.120.019.920.124.020.918.814.917.620.621.9
Ferny Creek15.915.717.912.511.416.616.012.211.414.917.914.614.112.613.913.713.516.619.020.822.717.016.117.220.514.712.99.813.116.918.1
Frankston (Ballam Park)18.817.719.914.713.220.118.615.714.117.121.317.816.516.817.817.016.319.721.421.725.319.921.019.623.818.416.414.615.820.620.5
Laverton RAAF17.317.319.214.914.320.919.715.814.216.820.817.416.518.218.816.915.620.721.220.624.819.418.918.322.721.219.415.417.821.022.4
Melbourne (Olympic Park)18.317.721.216.014.521.519.615.215.118.022.218.817.518.319.016.215.221.620.720.926.319.820.320.623.719.918.615.617.821.622.4
Melbourne Airport18.418.321.315.614.420.020.815.914.018.020.916.616.217.918.617.416.320.122.021.625.320.319.519.323.621.018.714.817.220.421.2
Moorabbin Airport17.916.419.116.014.221.219.315.014.216.821.518.118.216.116.019.021.423.525.919.320.219.622.919.517.914.817.121.422.6
Scoresby Research Institute19.617.821.415.814.719.915.114.918.521.017.517.118.117.516.717.220.622.625.620.320.121.124.319.417.613.816.621.8
Viewbank19.917.921.717.214.920.018.415.015.318.920.618.216.818.318.617.017.520.822.824.525.720.620.121.724.619.917.914.717.521.122.4
Wallan (Kilmore Gap)16.016.018.211.714.417.512.111.914.916.513.212.113.714.214.014.215.419.619.421.917.215.214.821.817.114.511.214.615.817.5
Values are the maximum temperature, usually in the 24 hours from 9 am on the day indicated,
and typically occurred in the afternoon of that day.
Temperatures coloured according to their difference
from the long-term average for the period
-10.0 -9.0 -8.0 -7.0 -6.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 +1.0 +2.0 +3.0 +4.0 +5.0 +6.0 +7.0 +8.0 +9.0 +10.0 °C Grey outline marks highest
and lowest for the period

Daily minimum temperatures for October 2022
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
Cerberus10.23.13.67.211.811.311.98.15.32.98.311.214.59.48.410.62.94.34.37.814.615.313.813.911.210.09.7
Coldstream2.42.61.95.89.711.010.96.53.60.94.08.614.88.36.110.32.02.93.45.411.316.113.113.715.014.914.19.79.06.512.1
Essendon Airport6.15.04.99.28.710.914.47.65.13.15.911.714.88.27.510.63.46.45.39.011.616.013.613.114.515.314.59.88.97.112.8
Ferny Creek5.26.75.97.47.88.211.04.63.83.98.112.412.27.15.77.84.05.39.011.313.414.89.59.712.011.910.77.06.56.99.5
Frankston (Ballam Park)8.96.26.410.010.810.711.59.25.84.37.011.814.78.310.410.74.86.37.310.614.215.612.912.314.213.711.210.28.912.0
Laverton RAAF5.04.84.99.410.611.414.37.03.33.26.011.314.89.08.410.63.14.66.17.711.916.113.513.114.114.614.510.08.76.212.5
Melbourne (Olympic Park)6.97.27.09.510.511.614.49.67.15.38.411.415.410.310.011.46.26.87.89.613.216.113.913.215.615.414.711.110.08.512.2
Melbourne Airport6.15.15.18.47.710.314.16.53.63.26.211.814.48.47.410.23.34.94.98.411.215.812.812.313.514.914.29.88.46.712.8
Moorabbin Airport6.55.55.58.410.911.112.59.07.94.96.112.49.89.111.54.25.86.38.512.715.913.512.314.413.910.810.78.312.9
Scoresby Research Institute4.45.03.47.910.210.713.76.04.63.05.010.614.69.47.210.72.26.24.76.611.416.313.312.915.214.413.98.96.9
Viewbank4.94.94.27.38.510.313.67.74.52.46.010.414.59.29.110.82.85.14.58.112.215.913.413.215.014.914.010.48.97.210.2
Wallan (Kilmore Gap)5.67.06.17.76.19.19.85.03.03.77.39.511.16.26.47.64.15.18.88.511.414.59.69.910.112.710.36.76.06.410.1
Values are the minimum temperature, usually in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated,
and typically occurred that morning.
Temperatures coloured according to their difference
from the long-term average for the period
-10.0 -9.0 -8.0 -7.0 -6.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 +1.0 +2.0 +3.0 +4.0 +5.0 +6.0 +7.0 +8.0 +9.0 +10.0 °C Grey outline marks highest
and lowest for the period

<
Daily rainfall for October 2022
12345678910111213141516171819202122232425262728293031
Bonbeach (Carrum (Patterson River Countr - - - - - 12.0 16.5 - - - - - 19.0 34.6 - 7.2 - - - - - 15.4 - 2.0 3.8 13.0 9.0 12.8 13.8 3.0
Bullengarook East - - - 0.2 - 11.4 23.8 13.0 - - - 2.8 29.8 31.2 1.2 0.6 - - - - 0.8 4.6 3.2 9.2 7.4 2.4 0.4 9.8 6.4 1.8 4.2
Burnside - - - - - 8.0 11.2 19.0 - - - - - - 2.0 - - - - - - 46.0 3.0 30.0 5.0 22.9 2.0 13.0 30.0 35.0 3.5
Cape Schanck - - - - - 7.6 8.2 7.4 - - - - 22.0 34.4 - - 4.0 - - - - 10.0 0.6 - 1.8 - - - - - 7.6
Cerberus - - - - - 13.0 7.6 15.8 1.6 - - 0.2 20.6 29.4 1.4 1.4 0.2 - - - - 17.2 0.2 - 2.4 - 0.8 13.0 10.2 1.8 1.4
Cheltenham Kingston Centre - - - - - 6.8 13.8 19.2 0.5 - - 1.0 23.2 20.0 0.4 6.6 - - - 18.0 0.5 0.1 2.0 1.0 12.6 11.0 4.2 1.8 0.2
Coldstream - - - - - 12.2 9.6 17.8 2.8 - - - 13.4 40.6 3.2 4.4 - - - - - 7.0 11.6 1.2 1.0 43.6 10.4 24.2 11.4 6.0 0.2
Eltham - - - - - 10.0 21.8 24.4 0.2 0.4 - 21.2 35.0 3.2 - 1.4 - - - - 26.6 0.4 1.6 5.2 6.0 17.6 9.8 3.6 -
Essendon Airport - - - - - 8.6 14.2 17.2 - - - 4.0 12.2 23.0 2.6 1.0 - - - - - 21.2 3.2 0.6 3.4 0.8 7.2 12.8 3.0 2.2 -
Ferny Creek - - 0.2 - - 14.2 16.8 15.2 1.8 0.2 - - 34.0 47.2 7.8 2.0 0.2 - 0.2 - - 11.8 20.8 3.0 1.8 39.2 43.0 30.6 22.2 3.6 1.2
Frankston (Ballam Park) - - - - - 12.4 16.6 34.6 0.2 - - 0.8 25.8 26.0 3.8 4.6 0.2 - - - - 18.8 3.4 2.2 2.2 8.8 - 6.8 19.2 3.2 0.4
Greenvale Reservoir 0.2 - - - - 10.2 28.0 21.2 - - - 5.4 13.4 28.2 1.4 3.2 - - - - - 15.8 12.2 0.4 5.2 5.8 1.2 7.8 6.0 3.4
Hesket (Straws Lane) - - - 0.2 - 17.8 28.2 16.0 - - - 4.6 46.6 41.4 2.4 - 0.4 - - - 0.2 5.8 3.4 5.4 10.0 0.4 2.0 6.8 5.2 1.0 20.0
Kinglake West - - - - - 11.8 10.0 19.2 - - - 0.6 64.6 73.2 6.2 - 2.0 - - - - 24.4 12.0 0.8 4.2 11.6 2.0 16.2 22.6 11.0 1.8
Kinglake West (Wallaby Creek) - 0.2 - - - 10.8 10.2 16.8 - - 0.2 - 37.6 59.0 - - - - - - - 12.0 16.0 - 3.4 13.2 5.6 23.8 15.8 12.8
Koo Wee Rup







35.6 - - - 28.2 25.0 1.2 8.4 - -












Lancefield - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14.8 0.1 10.8 13.0 1.0 - 6.2


Laverton RAAF - - - - - 7.4 14.0 17.6 - - - 1.2 17.0 21.2 0.6 1.6 - - - - - 39.8 2.6 2.4 2.8 2.0 8.6 10.4 2.2 1.6 1.2
Macedon Forestry - - - 3.6 16.2 - 36.0 - - 10.8 - 2.0 38.0 40.0 - - - - - - - - - 16.8 9.4





Melbourne (Olympic Park) - - - - - 7.4 15.2 19.8 0.2 - - 1.8 21.6 22.6 1.2 2.4 - - - - - 18.6 4.2 0.4 2.0 1.0 8.2 15.8 3.0 2.4 1.2
Melbourne Airport 0.2 - 0.2 - - 8.6 16.6 22.2 - - - 2.2 11.4 23.2 0.4 1.0 - - 0.2 - - 40.6 4.0 2.4 3.2 0.2 2.6 3.4 5.2 3.6 -
Melbourne Botanical Gardens - - - - - 8.4 15.4 24.4 0.3 - - 2.2 22.6 24.6 2.0 2.6 - - - - - 27.4 0.2 0.6 2.3 1.0 8.3 17.5


Mitcham - - - - - 11.4 19.8 17.6 0.2 - 0.2 - 3.4 10.2 - - - - - - - 8.4 13.8 1.2 1.2 7.8 21.0 24.8 10.0 3.0
Monbulk (Spring Road) - - - - - 17.8 14.6 10.2 1.0 - - - 31.6 35.6 9.6 2.0 - - - - - - 22.0 1.4 2.4 30.6 30.2 30.2 27.0 4.0 1.2
Moorabbin Airport - - - - - 10.0 15.0 23.2 2.0 0.2 - 2.2 26.0 24.6 1.2 5.2 0.2 - - - - 13.0 4.2 2.4 2.8 3.4 14.2 17.0 5.4 3.8 0.8
Mornington - - - - - - 25.0 - - - - - 20.0

















Mount Waverley (Riversdale Golf Club) - - - - - 9.0 19.3 30.1 0.4 - - - 20.4 34.4 4.8 0.9 0.8 - - - - 3.8 16.2 1.0 2.4 6.2 10.2 20.0 7.2 3.0 1.0
Newham (Cobaw) - - - 0.8 - 19.6 12.0 15.0 - - - 9.8 71.8 61.0 1.6 - - - - - 1.0 12.6 3.6 8.4 9.8 3.8 3.2 17.0 2.0 0.8 3.0
Oakleigh (Metropolitan Golf Club) - - - - - 11.2 16.2 18.0 - - 11.2 - 23.4 - 25.0 - - - - - 7.0 - 15.0 2.2 4.6 - 15.4 25.4 - 2.0 1.4
Preston Reservoir -
- - - 10.4 24.4 14.4 - 0.4 - 5.8 19.2 31.2 3.8 2.0 0.2 - - - - 11.0 10.6 1.0 2.0 1.2 6.6 17.2 4.8 2.2
Romsey - - 2.4 - - 12.0 9.6 16.6 0.2 0.2 - 7.2 42.0 58.2 1.4 - - - - - 1.6 14.4 1.4 7.6 16.2 11.0 1.0



Rosebud (Country Club) - - - - 0.8 10.4 4.2 - - - - - 26.0 34.0 - - 2.6 - - - - 11.0 - - 3.2





Scoresby Research Institute - - - - - 11.6 14.6
1.2 - - - 30.8 33.4 4.2 0.6 0.2 - - -
6.6 12.0 2.4 2.0 11.0 15.2
12.8 2.2 0.6
Springvale (Sandown) - - - - 4.6 14.2 31.2 0.4 1.4 - - 14.2 38.8 1.0 - 4.6 - - - - 2.0 10.4 0.2 3.0 2.2 10.0 19.0



Springvale Necropolis - - - - - 12.0 11.5 33.3 - - 31.0 27.0 - - 5.5 - - - - 17.0 - 5.0 15.5 16.0


Toorourrong Reservoir (Toorourrong) - - - 0.2 - 6.0 7.6 9.4 - 0.2 - - 27.4 52.6 4.2 1.8 0.2 - 0.2 - - 7.8 13.6 0.4 2.8 27.2 2.8 12.4 13.8 12.0
Upper Plenty - - - - - 5.2 10.4 6.4 - - - 1.4 41.0 54.2 0.2 - 0.2 - - - - 16.4 5.2 1.8 5.8 12.0 2.4 12.8 11.4 6.6 0.4
Viewbank - - - - - 9.4 29.6 22.6 - - - 2.6 16.4 32.2 4.6 2.8 - - - - - 15.0 8.4 0.4 1.8 4.4 6.0 36.8 6.6 3.0 0.4
Wallan - - - - - 11.6 4.6 6.4 1.0 - - 11.2 35.0 47.0 - - - - - - - 16.0 3.6 4.2 5.2 1.2 - 15.0


Wallan (Kilmore Gap) 0.2 0.2 - 0.2 - 15.0 5.8 5.4 - - 0.2 9.0 41.2 53.2 2.0 - 0.2 - - - - 30.4 4.6 3.2 5.0 2.0 1.4 4.0 5.6 4.8 0.4
Willowmavin (Avalon Station) 0.2 - - - - 28.0 12.2 8.8


14.0 82.2 75.6 1.8 0.2 - - - - 1.0 24.0 1.0 5.4 15.8 16.0 5.6 9.4 2.0 0.4 2.2
Woodend - - - - 0.2 16.6 48.6 10.2 0.2 0.2 - 4.6 48.4 45.6 2.8 0.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 - 0.6 6.2 9.2 11.0 5.8 0.6 4.6 8.0 5.6 1.0 3.6
Yan Yean - - - - - 5.0 4.2 16.8 - - - - 12.6 41.2 3.2 0.8 0.2 - - - - 10.2 13.4 0.2 2.8 7.4 13.8 20.8 12.4 5.6
Most values are the precipitation in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated. Days marked with → are part of a longer accumulation, which is shown on the final day.
Values over 100 mm have been rounded to the nearest whole millimetre.
Days marked with - have a rainfall report of zero; days left blank have no rainfall report (which often indicates no rain fell).
Rainfalls coloured
according to the amount
0 1.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 25.0 50.0 100 150 200 300 400 600 millimetres

Notes

The Monthly climate summary, generally published on the third working day of each month, lists the main features of the weather in Greater Melbourne using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. More extensive discussion of significant weather events, along with later information and data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review.

This summary includes data from observing sites in or near the Greater Melbourne “Greater Capital City Statistical Area” (GCCSA). The Australian Bureau of Statistics designed the GCCSAs to “include the population within the urban area of the city, as well as people who regularly socialise, shop or work within the city, and live in small towns and rural areas surrounding the city. It is important to note that GCCSAs do not define the built up edge of the city. They provide a stable definition for these cities and are designed for the output of a range of social and economic survey data.

This statement has been prepared based on information available at 8 pm on Tuesday 1 November 2022. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.

In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.

Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site. They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median is sometimes more representative than the mean of long-term average rain.

The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site, based on the decile ranking (very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3, average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9 and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a percentage of the long-term mean.

Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.

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