Greater Melbourne in November 2022: wetter than average, cold days

Rainfall in November was above average in most suburbs of Greater Melbourne. Mean maximum temperatures were below average, while mean minimum temperatures were below average or close to average at most reporting sites.

Above average rainfall

  • November rainfall was above average in most suburbs of Greater Melbourne and ranged from 121% of the November average at Melbourne Airport to 243% of average at Laverton RAAF.
  • There were several wet periods during the month, but the wettest were between the 1st and 3rd, the 13th and 16th and the 20th and 22nd.
  • The highest daily rainfall total recorded this month was 80.6 mm at Rosebud on the 14th, due to a surface trough associated with a low pressure system, which brought severe thunderstorms and heavy rainfall to parts of Greater Melbourne.
  • Some sites had their highest November daily rainfall on record
  • Ferny Creek was the wettest location for the month, receiving a November total of 210.2 mm.
  • Some sites had their highest total November rainfall on record including Mornington with 136 years of data; Laverton RAAF had its highest total November rainfall since 1978.
  • Melbourne (Olympic Park) had 19 days with rain this month, which was above the November long-term average of 11 days.

Cold days

  • Mean maximum temperatures were below average at all sites in the Greater Melbourne, and were 1.5 °C to 3.4 °C below the November average.
  • Averaged across all reporting sites, the mean maximum temperature was the lowest since 2001.
  • The lowest daily maximum temperature recorded in Greater Melbourne this month was 9.1 °C at Ferny Creek on the 21st.
  • Wallan (Kilmore Gap) had its lowest November mean daily maximum temperature on record, while some sites had their lowest November mean daily maximum temperature for at least 20 years.
  • Despite predominantly cool maximum temperatures, there were some warm days, particularly between the 6th and 10th; the highest daily maximum temperature this month was 29.5 °C, recorded at Scoresby Research on the 9th; on the same day most sites had their warmest day this November.
  • Mean minimum temperatures ranged from 1.4 °C below average at Ferny Creek to 0.8 °C above average at Coldstream.
  • The warmest night in Greater Melbourne this month saw 19.9 °C at Moorabbin Airport on the 10th.
  • Some sites had their lowest November mean temperature for at least 20 years.
  • Melbourne city (Olympic Park) recorded 13.1 °C on the 15th, its lowest November daily maximum temperature on record, and equal to the temperature recorded at the old Melbourne Observatory site on 15 November 2006, which is the lowest November maximum temperature since 1994.
  • Melbourne city did not record temperature equal or above 30.0 °C on any day this November; the last time it happened in 2001.

Melbourne (Olympic Park)

  • Total rainfall for Melbourne (Olympic Park) was 73.8 mm, which is 122% of the long-term average of 60.3 mm.
  • The mean daily maximum temperature for Melbourne (Olympic Park) was 20.2 °C.
  • The warmest day was 29.3 °C on the 9th, and the coolest day was on the 15th when the temperature reached 13.1 °C.
  • The mean daily minimum temperature for Melbourne (Olympic Park) was 11.7 °C.
  • The coldest morning was 6.9 °C on the 2nd, and the warmest morning was on the 10th when the minimum temperature was 19.8 °C.

Thunderstorms, hail and flash flooding

  • Parts of Greater Melbourne experienced thunderstorms, heavy rainfall and flash flooding on the 8th and the 13th.
  • Severe thunderstorms developed on the 21st; strong winds downed trees and hail was recorded in parts of Greater Melbourne.

Further information

Media
(03) 9669 4057

Extremes in November 2022
Hottest day 29.5 °C at Scoresby Research Institute on the 9th
Warmest days on average 20.6 °C at Viewbank
Coolest days on average 16.3 °C at Wallan (Kilmore Gap)
Coldest day 9.1 °C at Ferny Creek on the 21st
Coldest night 1.5 °C at Wallan (Kilmore Gap) on the 16th
Coolest nights on average 8.0 °C at Wallan (Kilmore Gap)
Warmest nights on average 11.7 °C at Melbourne (Olympic Park)
Warmest night 19.9 °C at Moorabbin Airport on the 10th
Warmest on average overall 16.0 °C at Melbourne (Olympic Park)
Coolest on average overall 12.2 °C at Wallan (Kilmore Gap)
Wettest overall 210.2 mm at Ferny Creek
Wettest day 80.6 mm at Rosebud (Country Club) on the 14th
Strongest wind gust 107 km/h at South Channel Island on the 20th

Record highest November daily rainfall
New record
(mm)
Old
record
Years of
record
Rosebud (Country Club) 80.6 on the 14th 63.4 on the 4th in 2007 72
Cerberus 47.2 on the 14th 43.6 on the 13th in 2013 33
Cape Schanck 42.4 on the 14th 41.2 on the 4th in 2007 22



Record highest November total rainfall
New record
(mm)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
November
Mornington 196.8 156.6 in 2011 136 60.9
Rosebud (Country Club) 163.0 126.8 in 1995 72 60.5
Cerberus 133.8 109.0 in 2011 33 57.4
Cape Schanck 121.6 115.0 in 2011 21 66.0

Highest November total rainfall for at least 20 years
Observed
(mm)
Most recent
higher
Average for
November
Laverton RAAF 131.0 133.2 in 1978 53.8



Record lowest November mean daily maximum temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
November
Wallan (Kilmore Gap) 16.3 16.5 in 1996 28 19.7
Viewbank 20.6 = 20.6 in 2001 23 24.0

Lowest November mean daily maximum temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)
Most recent
lower
Average for
November
Melbourne Airport 20.1 20.0 in 1993 22.1
Coldstream 20.4 20.0 in 1996 22.8
Cerberus 19.1 18.6 in 2001 20.7
Laverton RAAF 20.0 =20.0 in 2001 21.6
Moorabbin Airport 20.1 19.4 in 2001 21.7
Scoresby Research Institute 20.1 19.9 in 2001 21.6
Essendon Airport 20.3 19.6 in 1971* 22.0

* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a lower value has gone unreported




Lowest November mean temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)
Most recent
lower
Average for
November
Wallan (Kilmore Gap) 12.2 11.6 in 1996 14.4
Laverton RAAF 15.1 14.8 in 2001 16.0
Melbourne Airport 14.9 =14.9 in 2001 16.3
Moorabbin Airport 15.5 14.6 in 2001 16.5
Scoresby Research Institute 15.0 14.8 in 2001 16.0
Viewbank 15.5 15.3 in 2001 17.5
Essendon Airport 15.3 14.7 in 1971* 16.1

* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a lower value has gone unreported




Summary statistics for November 2022
Maximum temperatures
(°C)
Minimum temperatures
(°C)
Rainfall
(millimetres)
Mean for
November
2022
Diff
from
average
Highest for
November
2022
Mean for
November
2022
Diff
from
average
Lowest for
November
2022
Total for
November
2022
Average
for
November
Rank of
November
2022
Fraction of
November
average
Cerberus 19.1 -1.6 27.5 10th 10.3 -0.4 6.4 22nd 133.8 57.4 highest 233%
Coldstream 20.4 -2.4 28.5 9th 9.7 +0.8 3.5 18th 146.6 74.1 v high 198%
Essendon Airport 20.3 -1.7 28.5 9th 10.3 +0.1 5.0 16th 81.0 58.8 high 138%
Ferny Creek 16.5 -2.7 24.5 9th 8.3 -1.4 2.3 2nd 210.2 131.0 high 160%
Frankston (Ballam Park) 19.8   28.4 9th 10.8   5.8 16th 114.0
Laverton RAAF 20.0 -1.6 28.2 9th 10.2 -0.1 5.3 18th 131.0 53.8 v high 243%
Melbourne (Olympic Park) 20.2   29.3 9th 11.7   6.9 2nd 73.8 60.3 high 122%
Melbourne Airport 20.1 -2.0 28.3 9th 9.7 -0.7 4.4 18th 75.4 62.1 high 121%
Moorabbin Airport 20.1 -1.6 29.4 9th 11.1 -0.1 5.3 18th 114.0 63.9 v high 178%
Scoresby Research Institute 20.1 -1.5 29.5 9th 10.1 -0.3 3.7 18th 160.8 82.1 v high 196%
Viewbank 20.6 -3.4 29.1 9th 10.3 -1.1 4.4 18th 103.6 75.2 high 138%
Wallan (Kilmore Gap) 16.3 -3.4 23.4 9th 8.0 -1.0 1.5 16th 101.2 69.4 high 146%

Daily maximum temperatures for November 2022
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Cerberus13.314.115.315.720.925.925.027.527.519.619.025.616.713.414.315.922.421.117.412.417.417.417.217.227.218.518.318.018.5
Coldstream14.414.216.219.623.226.226.627.628.527.023.021.024.916.213.515.116.723.821.819.413.217.717.218.020.726.621.018.120.021.1
Essendon Airport14.015.915.918.223.426.425.627.328.525.520.820.124.617.213.014.816.623.721.120.313.818.517.519.821.027.221.519.018.719.2
Ferny Creek9.710.212.414.419.522.123.023.924.523.519.018.820.611.710.211.312.420.417.015.69.112.414.313.918.422.617.514.216.016.0
Frankston (Ballam Park)13.814.516.217.121.525.825.727.428.427.120.920.925.316.813.915.116.622.421.218.213.216.917.017.518.327.019.217.219.118.7
Laverton RAAF14.115.816.017.321.025.925.226.728.225.419.819.124.617.213.514.916.521.520.820.114.318.318.419.520.127.621.719.118.519.0
Melbourne (Olympic Park)13.315.715.417.822.727.125.927.629.326.420.219.324.817.413.114.816.324.522.320.613.818.217.719.220.627.320.518.818.418.4
Melbourne Airport14.314.914.718.323.526.326.027.828.324.420.520.224.817.912.713.516.523.520.019.713.618.217.619.621.327.020.918.118.819.1
Moorabbin Airport14.714.815.517.021.226.025.028.029.428.720.619.626.216.813.514.817.022.722.219.712.718.217.817.719.527.519.518.418.118.7
Scoresby Research Institute13.814.415.718.323.625.626.127.329.526.921.820.424.515.913.514.715.423.920.919.613.517.817.318.519.926.820.717.819.520.0
Viewbank14.715.115.919.324.027.027.028.329.126.821.421.124.016.813.515.216.224.421.620.414.118.417.719.021.126.921.419.119.620.2
Wallan (Kilmore Gap)9.711.711.815.418.222.122.622.623.421.119.317.218.714.29.510.311.818.815.815.710.613.715.415.821.818.614.615.816.7
Values are the maximum temperature, usually in the 24 hours from 9 am on the day indicated,
and typically occurred in the afternoon of that day.
Temperatures coloured according to their difference
from the long-term average for the period
-10.0 -9.0 -8.0 -7.0 -6.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 +1.0 +2.0 +3.0 +4.0 +5.0 +6.0 +7.0 +8.0 +9.0 +10.0 °C Grey outline marks highest
and lowest for the period

Daily minimum temperatures for November 2022
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Cerberus7.77.08.39.49.38.811.410.612.416.616.613.315.213.07.26.99.213.611.18.36.411.38.59.87.712.710.36.6
Coldstream8.05.48.09.310.49.310.010.612.313.716.513.214.412.06.55.77.93.510.010.67.96.810.410.411.06.813.97.211.27.6
Essendon Airport8.15.37.96.911.29.210.812.713.217.817.213.514.212.27.65.08.15.912.710.87.96.410.712.29.78.912.48.211.39.8
Ferny Creek4.52.34.26.28.711.812.813.915.617.315.09.210.18.93.02.85.35.511.97.63.53.96.78.48.19.411.26.08.67.5
Frankston (Ballam Park)8.55.96.79.010.611.913.113.214.718.317.413.015.112.16.65.88.87.512.111.89.37.911.410.49.710.012.89.210.59.2
Laverton RAAF7.55.57.86.611.69.310.912.513.818.415.013.914.512.37.95.58.35.314.310.97.77.010.911.98.89.411.86.611.18.4
Melbourne (Olympic Park)8.56.99.110.211.811.613.914.615.619.818.714.215.413.08.07.29.67.212.511.89.48.711.612.411.610.914.79.712.211.6
Melbourne Airport7.75.17.75.611.29.310.612.914.317.315.212.813.712.06.94.77.84.412.210.27.25.510.311.88.99.111.66.410.79.3
Moorabbin Airport8.97.08.910.411.110.312.713.013.719.918.313.712.87.87.39.85.313.111.99.38.411.212.512.29.19.912.410.7
Scoresby Research Institute7.75.37.48.710.310.912.013.618.916.513.314.512.16.05.47.83.712.211.07.36.410.611.411.27.613.97.911.38.5
Viewbank8.05.47.88.911.19.811.112.013.117.217.013.214.712.16.95.68.94.412.410.67.97.210.911.810.68.414.18.011.49.7
Wallan (Kilmore Gap)4.42.34.45.87.811.912.412.814.115.114.49.79.99.53.71.55.05.411.17.93.93.77.88.57.39.410.45.48.17.0
Values are the minimum temperature, usually in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated,
and typically occurred that morning.
Temperatures coloured according to their difference
from the long-term average for the period
-10.0 -9.0 -8.0 -7.0 -6.0 -5.0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 +1.0 +2.0 +3.0 +4.0 +5.0 +6.0 +7.0 +8.0 +9.0 +10.0 °C Grey outline marks highest
and lowest for the period

Daily rainfall for November 2022
123456789101112131415161718192021222324252627282930
Bonbeach (Carrum (Patterson River Countr - 30.5 5.0 - - - - - - - 4.0 - 8.0 22.0 7.2 8.5 - - - 26.6 - 9.0 2.0 - - - 2.0
Bullengarook East 2.8 4.0 1.4 - - - 6.8 - - - 3.8 8.2 33.8 0.2 - 32.2 0.4 6.2 0.4 - 0.2 - 4.0


Burnside 20.0 2.5 1.0 - - - - - 13.0 - 5.0 - 7.0 21.5 13.0 2.0 2.1 - - 13.2 2.1 4.0 1.2 - - - - - - -
Cape Schanck 6.2 12.0 3.4 1.4 - - - - - - 5.0 - - 42.4 4.2 - 3.6 - 23.0 3.0 6.8 4.0 1.6 - - - - 5.0
Cerberus 4.0 10.8 9.2 0.4 - - - - - 0.2 5.2 - 2.6 47.2 6.0 4.6 1.6 0.6 - 16.8 5.0 11.8 0.2 0.2 0.2 - 1.8 2.4 3.0 -
Cheltenham Kingston Centre 4.2 16.8 2.5 - - - - - - - 1.2 - 8.8 13.2 9.0 2.3 - - - 17.9 4.4 5.2 3.8 0.2 - - - - - 0.3
Coldstream 7.4 13.8 7.6 1.6 - - - - - - 1.0 4.6 8.6 7.0 24.8 19.8 3.8 - - 31.4 5.8 4.6 2.4 0.6 0.2 0.2 0.4 - 1.0 -
Eltham 6.2 9.2 2.0 - - - - 2.4 - - 1.4 - 13.6 5.8 17.2 1.8 1.8 - - 24.6 1.6 3.0 0.8 1.0 - - 0.6 0.4

Essendon Airport 4.0 3.4 0.2 - - - - 0.2 3.6 - 3.2 - 5.6 11.2 12.2 1.4 8.4 - - 18.4 3.2 3.2 0.8 0.6 - - 0.6 0.8 - -
Ferny Creek 17.8 27.8 16.0 1.8 0.2 - - 9.2 1.8 - 2.6 3.6 9.4 9.4 40.0 18.6 3.8 0.4 0.2 22.0 2.0 8.0 8.0 2.6 0.4 - 2.4 1.6 0.6 -
Frankston (Ballam Park) 4.4 21.4 5.8 1.4 - 0.2
- - - 2.6 - 8.2 22.2 5.8 3.2 0.6 - - 23.2 3.6 6.0 0.2 - 0.2 - 0.6 - 4.2 0.2
Greenvale Reservoir 3.2 4.4 1.8 - 0.2 -

4.6 - 1.4 1.0 5.8 5.4 9.8 4.4 4.0 0.8 - 17.8 1.0 3.8 0.8 - - - 0.4 1.8 - -
Hesket (Straws Lane) 2.4 3.8 3.0 0.2 - - 0.2 21.8 1.4 - 5.6 7.2 12.4 5.0 3.6 4.8 8.8 0.2 - 31.4 5.8 2.0 1.6 0.2 - - 3.8 0.4 0.2 -
Kinglake West 12.2 6.2 4.0 - - - 7.0 - 14.0 - 1.2 14.4 12.4 14.8 22.8 5.0 3.6 - - 29.4 3.0 7.0 5.4 0.4 - - 0.8 4.6 2.4
Kinglake West (Wallaby Creek) 14.0 7.6 2.0 0.2 0.2 -

0.2 0.2 1.0 16.0 15.4 10.6 23.2 6.4 6.8 0.2 - 25.4 3.0 4.0 3.2 0.4 - - 0.6 11.6 - 0.2
Lancefield 6.2 4.2 1.4 - - - 2.6 - - - 8.0 1.6 8.0 6.0 - - - - - 26.6 5.6 - 0.4






Laverton RAAF 6.8 2.0 - - - - -
43.2 - 5.6 - 6.6 32.0 12.0 0.8 3.2 - - 15.2 1.2 0.6 0.2 0.2 - - 0.2 1.2 - -
Melbourne (Olympic Park) 3.0 2.8 0.4 0.2 - - - - 2.8 - 3.0 - 6.6 13.6 14.2 0.6 3.2 - - 16.0 1.2 2.0 0.6 2.8 - - 0.2 0.2 0.4 -
Melbourne Airport 2.6 1.8 1.2 - - - - - 5.2 0.2 3.0 1.0 5.4 3.8 9.0 5.0 1.8 1.0 - 23.0 3.2 6.6 0.4 - - - 0.4 0.6 0.2 -
Melbourne Botanical Gardens 5.5 3.4 0.4 - - - - - 3.4 - 3.8 0.2 6.8 16.7 15.4 - 4.0 - - 16.8 1.6 1.8 0.4 2.2 - - 0.8 - 0.4 -
Mitcham 7.8 14.0 6.2 0.6 - -

1.0
1.8 0.6 7.4 8.4 17.4 15.8 3.0 - - 19.6 3.2 3.8 3.2 1.2 - - 1.6 0.2 0.2 0.2
Monbulk (Spring Road) 12.8 30.2 11.2 1.4 - - - 1.0 - 4.4 1.6 - 10.6 12.6 30.0 8.6 5.6 - - 30.1 3.1 12.4 7.2 1.8 0.4 - - 3.0 1.2
Moorabbin Airport 7.6 11.8 5.8 1.4 0.2 - - - - - 2.2 0.2 10.6 19.6 9.8 3.6 1.0 - - 24.4 6.6 5.4 2.4 0.6 - - 0.6 0.2 - -
Mornington - 22.0 - - - - 50.0 - - - 16.0 - - 63.0 5.0 1.0 - - 27.0 6.8 - 2.0 4.0 -
Mount Waverley (Riversdale Golf Club) 5.0 15.8 2.2 1.4 - - - - 0.5 - 5.0 - 5.6 10.2 14.0 9.3 1.4 0.6 - 19.8 2.5 4.0 1.3 0.5 - - 1.9 - 1.0
Newham (Cobaw) 2.8 3.2 2.2 - - - 1.6 5.0 - - 9.6 3.0 23.2 6.0 1.6 3.0 2.0 - - 43.2 9.6 5.0 1.0 - - - 4.0


Oakleigh (Metropolitan Golf Club) 4.2 25.0 - - - - 7.4 - - - 5.4 7.0 - 41.0 5.0 - - - - 24.0 - 6.4 - - - - 3.8

Preston Reservoir 2.8 8.0 0.6 0.2 - -

0.8 - 2.0 0.2 5.8 7.8 14.2 1.6 9.2 0.2 - 16.0 4.0 5.0 1.2 0.6 - - 0.2 0.8 - -
Rosebud (Country Club) - 14.4 9.0 2.2 - - - - - - - - 0.8 80.6 5.0 - - 22.0 6.2 15.2 0.4 1.2 - - 2.0 0.4 3.6
Scoresby Research Institute 12.6 19.2 10.8 1.8 0.2 - -
1.6 - 4.4 0.2 8.4 7.2 21.4 31.0 1.0 - - 21.8 1.8 11.8 2.2 0.4 0.6 - 1.8 0.4 0.2 -
Springvale (Sandown) 3.6 8.6 6.4 0.8 - - - - - 2.6 - 2.8 2.4 25.0 8.6 7.2 0.2 - 11.2 16.4 3.2 1.8 0.6 0.2 - 0.4 0.4


Springvale Necropolis - - 28.0 - - - - - - - 3.5 20.0 20.0 - - - 37.0 7.0







Toorourrong Reservoir (Toorourrong) 9.6 4.6 1.2 0.2 - -

2.6 - 1.6 15.0 18.8 9.4
5.2 7.2 - 0.2 20.8 3.2 2.2 2.8 - - - 0.6 8.0 - -
Upper Plenty 6.4 7.8 1.4 - - - 0.4 - 0.6 - 1.6 16.6 18.4 19.0 10.2 7.2 10.0 0.4 - 26.6 2.0 4.2 2.4 0.2 - - 1.0 0.8

Viewbank 4.8 10.2 1.6 0.2 - - 2.4 1.6 0.8 - 1.6 1.0 6.6 9.8 21.2 1.0 0.8 - - 29.6 3.8 3.4 0.6 1.2 - - 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.2
Wallan 4.4 - 3.8 - - - - 9.6 - - - - 26.6 6.6 7.8 3.2 - 4.6 - 21.2 - 3.6







Wallan (Kilmore Gap) 4.6 4.4 0.6 0.2 - - 0.6 - - - 2.6 15.6 17.8 7.6 5.4 3.0 6.2 0.8 0.2 23.8 1.2 1.8 0.4 0.4 - 0.2 1.0 1.2 1.4 0.2
Willowmavin (Avalon Station) 3.4 3.6 2.0 0.2 - - 4.2 - - - 4.8 1.0 18.8 7.6 2.2 1.4 3.4 0.2 - 23.6 4.0 2.0 - - - - 1.6 0.4 - -
Woodend 2.8 5.2 2.0 - - - 1.2 0.8 2.6 - 8.8 4.6 9.2 5.8 2.2 2.2 6.0 0.2 - 37.4









Yan Yean 5.0 3.0 2.4 0.2 - -

8.8 - 0.8 10.2 13.4 6.8 13.6 4.2 7.6 - - 23.6 1.2 4.6 0.6 0.2 - - 0.2 1.8 - -
Most values are the precipitation in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated. Days marked with → are part of a longer accumulation, which is shown on the final day.
Values over 100 mm have been rounded to the nearest whole millimetre.
Days marked with - have a rainfall report of zero; days left blank have no rainfall report (which often indicates no rain fell).
Rainfalls coloured
according to the amount
0 1.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 25.0 50.0 100 150 200 300 400 600 millimetres

Notes

The Monthly climate summary, generally published on the third working day of each month, lists the main features of the weather in Greater Melbourne using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. More extensive discussion of significant weather events, along with later information and data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review.

This summary includes data from observing sites in or near the Greater Melbourne “Greater Capital City Statistical Area” (GCCSA). The Australian Bureau of Statistics designed the GCCSAs to “include the population within the urban area of the city, as well as people who regularly socialise, shop or work within the city, and live in small towns and rural areas surrounding the city. It is important to note that GCCSAs do not define the built up edge of the city. They provide a stable definition for these cities and are designed for the output of a range of social and economic survey data.

This statement has been prepared based on information available at 2 pm on Friday 2 December 2022. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.

In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.

Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site. They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median is sometimes more representative than the mean of long-term average rain.

The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site, based on the decile ranking (very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3, average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9 and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a percentage of the long-term mean.

Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.

Further information

Media
(03) 9669 4057

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