Tuesday, 3 January 2023 - Monthly Climate Summary for Victoria - Product code IDCKGC16R0
Victoria in December 2022: below average rainfall
Rainfall in December was below average in large parts of Mallee and Wimmera districts, and above average across much of Gippsland districts. Mean maximum temperatures were below average in north-eastern Victoria, while mean minimum temperatures were below average in much of the state's north.
Below average rainfall
- State-wide, rainfall was about 14% below the 1961-1990 December average.
- Rainfall was below average in large parts of Mallee and Wimmera districts.
- Above average rainfall totals were recorded across much of Gippsland districts.
- A series of cold fronts and low pressure troughs crossed Victoria between the 5th and 14th bringing thunderstorms, showers and very cold air in their wake.
- A trough moved through central Victoria on the 22nd with widespread showers and thunderstorms; daily rainfall totals were generally between 10 mm and 20 mm but locally much higher.
- The highest daily rainfall total in Victoria this month was 60.4 mm at Melbourne Airport to 9am on the 23rd.
- The last week of the month was generally dry for most of Victoria.
- Some sites had their highest total December rainfall since at least 1995.
A warm end of the month
- Mean maximum temperatures were below average in north-eastern Victoria and close to average elsewhere.
- State-wide, the mean maximum temperature was 0.44 °C below average, the coolest December since 2010.
- After a generally cold first half of December due to a series of cold fronts, temperatures across Victoria started to increase, culminating in the first heatwave this summer that developed across the state between the 25th and 27th.
- The highest daily maximum temperature in Victoria this month was 40.9 °C at Walpeup Research on the 27th.
- Falls Creek and Conbienbar AWS had their coldest December day on record on the 13th and 14th.
- Gabo Island had its lowest December mean daily maximum temperature since 1996.
- Mean minimum temperatures were close to average across most of the state, but below average in much of the state's north.
- There were some unusually cold temperatures, particularly in the first half of December; the lowest daily minimum temperature this month was −5.4 °C at Mt Hotham on the 14th; this was Victoria's coldest December temperature on record; the old December record of −5.2 °C was set also at Mount Hotham on 20 December 1978.
- Some sites had their lowest December temperature on record.
- The Victorian mean minimum temperature was 0.10 °C below average.
- Orbost had its lowest December mean daily minimum temperature on record, while some sites had their lowest December mean daily minimum temperature for at least 20 years.
- Overall, Victoria's mean temperature was the coolest since 2008, 0.26 °C below average.
Thunderstorms, flash flooding, hail and snow
- A cold front brought light snowfalls to the Victorian Alps on the 8th, with more snow on the 14th.
- Thunderstorms that moved over central Victoria on the 22nd generated heavy rainfall, strong winds and hail, resulting in damage to homes in Geelong and Melbourne's northern suburbs. Thousands of households were left without power due to fallen trees and damaged powerlines, while Melbourne Airport grounded flights because of flooded terminals and the risk of lightning.
- There is ongoing flooding in catchments in northern Victoria.
- The strongest wind gust of 141 km/h was recorded at Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse on the 8th.
Further information
- Media
- media@bom.gov.au (03) 9669 4057
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Extremes in December 2022 | |
|---|---|
| Hottest day | 40.9 °C at Walpeup Research on the 27th |
| Warmest days on average | 30.1 °C at Mildura Airport |
| Coolest days on average | 11.8 °C at Mount Hotham |
| Coldest day | -0.1 °C at Mount Baw Baw on the 8th |
| Coldest night | -5.4 °C at Mount Hotham on the 14th |
| Coolest nights on average | 4.0 °C at Mount Hotham |
| Warmest nights on average | 14.7 °C at Gabo Island Lighthouse |
| Warmest night | 29.1 °C at Mildura Airport on the 28th |
| Warmest on average overall | 22.2 °C at Mildura Airport |
| Coolest on average overall | 7.9 °C at Mount Hotham |
| Wettest overall | 191.0 mm at Mount Wellington |
| Wettest day | 64.6 mm at Ensay on the 31st |
| Strongest wind gust | 141 km/h at Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse on the 8th |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Maps | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Observed | Anomaly | Decile rank | |
| Total rainfall |
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| Mean daily maximum temperatures |
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| Mean daily minimum temperatures |
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Click on a map to show it full size in a pop-up window
| Highest December total rainfall for at least 20 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Observed (mm) |
Most recent higher |
Average for December |
|||
| Ensay | 161.8 | 169.2 | in 1970 | 70.5 | |
| Combienbar AWS | 143.4 | 149.6 | in 1995* | 72.2 | |
* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a higher value has gone unreported
| Record lowest December daily maximum temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for December |
|||
| Falls Creek | 1.8 | on the 13th | 1.9 | on the 18th in 1991 | 32 | 15.4 |
| Combienbar AWS | 8.4 | on the 14th | 10.0 | on the 10th in 2021 | 29 | 23.2 |
| Lowest December mean daily maximum temperature for at least 20 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Observed (°C) |
Most recent lower |
Average for December |
|||
| Gabo Island Lighthouse | 19.5 | 18.4 | in 1996 | 20.0 | |
| Record highest December daily minimum temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for December |
|||
| Wonthaggi | 23.9 | on the 28th | 23.5 | on the 12th in 1998 | 52 | 11.8 |
| Record lowest December temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for December |
|||
| Bairnsdale Airport | 2.5 | on the 10th | 3.1 | on the 1st in 1994 | 42 | 11.3 |
| Falls Creek | -4.8 | on the 9th | -4.5 | on the 26th in 2006 | 32 | 6.6 |
| Mount Hotham | -5.4 | on the 14th | -5.0 | on the 26th in 2006 | 32 | 5.9 |
| Avalon Airport | 4.6 | on the 10th | 4.8 | on the 2nd in 1995 | 28 | 11.9 |
| Mount Baw Baw | -3.1 | on the 14th | = -3.1 | on the 25th in 2006 | 24 | 6.0 |
| Orbost | 4.4 | on the 10th | 5.6 | on the 13th in 2006 | 23 | 13.0 |
| Record lowest December mean daily minimum temperature | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for December |
||
| Orbost | 11.6 | = 11.6 | in 2006 | 22 | 13.0 |
| Lowest December mean daily minimum temperature for at least 20 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Observed (°C) |
Most recent lower |
Average for December |
|||
| Falls Creek | 4.6 | 4.4 | in 1993* | 6.6 | |
| Hunters Hill | 10.2 | 10.0 | in 1999 | 12.2 | |
| Gelantipy | 8.3 | 7.9 | in 2001 | 9.6 | |
* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a lower value has gone unreported
| Lowest December mean temperature for at least 20 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Observed (°C) |
Most recent lower |
Average for December |
|||
| Rutherglen Research | 19.0 | 18.2 | in 2001 | 20.4 | |
| Wangaratta Aero | 19.2 | 17.8 | in 2001 | 20.6 | |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Summary statistics for December 2022 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum temperatures (°C) |
Minimum temperatures (°C) |
Rainfall (millimetres) |
||||||||||
| Mean for December 2022 |
Diff from average |
Highest for December 2022 |
Mean for December 2022 |
Diff from average |
Lowest for December 2022 |
Total for December 2022 |
Average for December |
Rank of December 2022 |
Fraction of December average |
|||
| North Mallee (district 76) | ||||||||||||
| Mildura Airport | 30.1 | -0.3 | 40.0 | 27th | 14.4 | -0.6 | 6.6 | 8th | 11.0 | 24.5 | average | 45% |
| Ouyen (Post Office) | 29.5 | -0.9 | 40.5 | 26th | 13.0 | -0.8 | 5.8 | 8th | 14.7 | 25.0 | average | 59% |
| Walpeup Research | 29.6 | -0.4 | 40.9 | 27th | 12.6 | -1.0 | 4.7 | 8th | 10.6 | 23.8 | average | 45% |
| South Mallee (district 77) | ||||||||||||
| Hopetoun Airport | 28.8 | -2.0 | 39.7 | 27th | 11.8 | -1.3 | 4.7 | 8th | 6.6 | 27.4 | low | 24% |
| Swan Hill Aerodrome | 29.1 | -1.7 | 39.7 | 27th | 12.6 | -1.2 | 5.4 | 9th | 4.8 | 21.3 | low | 23% |
| North Wimmera (district 78) | ||||||||||||
| Kellalac (Warracknabeal Airport) | 28.4 | 40.4 | 26th | 11.3 | 5.0 | 8th | 4.2 | |||||
| Nhill Aerodrome | 27.2 | -1.9 | 40.2 | 27th | 11.0 | -1.2 | 4.9 | 9th | 3.8 | 27.1 | v low | 14% |
| South Wimmera (district 79) | ||||||||||||
| Edenhope Airport | 25.1 | -1.8 | 39.5 | 27th | 10.9 | -0.2 | 4.5 | 9th | 6.8 | 34.3 | low | 20% |
| Grampians (Mount William) | 16.6 | -1.8 | 29.4 | 27th | 6.7 | -1.1 | 0.1 | 14th | 24.6 | 55.0 | low | 45% |
| Horsham Aerodrome | 27.1 | -1.6 | 39.4 | 27th | 10.4 | -0.2 | 3.6 | 9th | 2.2 | 22.5 | lowest | 10% |
| Kanagulk | 24.8 | -2.5 | 39.6 | 27th | 10.3 | -0.4 | 4.3 | 9th | 21.6 | 36.4 | average | 59% |
| Longerenong | 27.5 | -0.4 | 40.6 | 27th | 10.1 | -1.1 | 2.6 | 9th | 5.8 | 27.0 | low | 21% |
| Pyrenees (Ben Nevis) | 20.5 | -1.9 | 34.2 | 26th | 9.4 | -0.8 | 2.0 | 14th | 37.4 | 43.5 | average | 86% |
| Stawell Aerodrome | 25.3 | -1.4 | 38.2 | 27th | 11.0 | -0.4 | 4.1 | 9th | 18.6 | 32.5 | average | 57% |
| Lower North (district 80) | ||||||||||||
| Charlton | 28.7 | -1.3 | 40.2 | 26th | 11.8 | -1.3 | 5.4 | 9th | 14.8 | 31.2 | average | 47% |
| Echuca Aerodrome | 28.3 | -0.8 | 38.5 | 26th | 12.3 | -1.2 | 5.3 | 10th | 17.4 | 29.8 | average | 58% |
| Kerang | 28.8 | -1.0 | 38.9 | 26th | 13.1 | -0.4 | 7.1 | 14th | 4.6 | 27.1 | low | 17% |
| Kyabram | 27.7 | -0.7 | 38.0 | 26th | 12.4 | -0.2 | 5.6 | 14th | 23.8 | 33.4 | average | 71% |
| Upper North (district 81) | ||||||||||||
| Bendigo Airport | 27.0 | -0.6 | 38.2 | 27th | 11.5 | -0.5 | 5.1 | 13th | 27.2 | 37.9 | average | 72% |
| Shepparton Airport | 28.3 | -0.9 | 38.6 | 26th | 12.0 | -1.0 | 5.9 | 10th | 40.4 | 32.2 | high | 125% |
| Tatura Inst Sustainable Ag | 26.3 | -1.4 | 36.4 | 27th | 11.7 | -0.7 | 5.4 | 14th | 72.2 | 35.3 | high | 205% |
| Yarrawonga | 28.7 | -1.6 | 38.4 | 27th | 12.3 | -1.1 | 4.8 | 14th | 23.6 | 40.0 | average | 59% |
| Lower Northeast (district 82) | ||||||||||||
| Benalla Airport | 27.4 | -1.9 | 37.3 | 22nd | 12.0 | -1.2 | 4.6 | 14th | 15.4 | 48.8 | low | 32% |
| Corryong Airport | 26.4 | -2.8 | 35.5 | 27th | 9.9 | -1.7 | 3.0 | 9th | 79.5 | 63.5 | high | 125% |
| Dartmouth Reservoir | 25.0 | -2.0 | 34.0 | 27th | 11.3 | -0.5 | 4.5 | 15th | 54.6 | 73.7 | average | 74% |
| Hunters Hill | 20.9 | -2.2 | 31.2 | 26th | 10.2 | -2.0 | 1.5 | 14th | 90.4 | 78.0 | high | 116% |
| Rutherglen Research | 28.0 | -1.3 | 37.5 | 26th | 10.1 | -1.4 | 2.8 | 15th | 36.0 | 44.1 | average | 82% |
| Strathbogie | 23.6 | -1.2 | 33.6 | 26th | 7.8 | -1.7 | 0.6 | 14th | 50.6 | 58.0 | average | 87% |
| Wangaratta Aero | 27.6 | -1.7 | 37.2 | 26th | 10.8 | -1.0 | 3.8 | 9th | 46.2 | 44.2 | average | 105% |
| Upper Northeast (district 83) | ||||||||||||
| Falls Creek | 12.7 | -2.7 | 22.0 | 27th | 4.6 | -2.0 | -4.8 | 9th | 93.6 | 104.0 | average | 90% |
| Mount Buller | 12.9 | -1.9 | 23.2 | 26th | 5.2 | -1.2 | -4.8 | 14th | 126.6 | 100.1 | average | 126% |
| Mount Hotham | 11.8 | -2.3 | 21.7 | 27th | 4.0 | -1.9 | -5.4 | 14th | 107.2 | 123.2 | average | 87% |
| Omeo | 21.3 | -3.1 | 32.2 | 27th | 7.5 | -1.6 | -1.2 | 10th | 74.0 | 63.1 | average | 117% |
| East Gippsland (district 84) | ||||||||||||
| Combienbar AWS | 21.0 | -2.2 | 32.9 | 27th | 10.4 | -1.1 | 4.0 | 14th | 143.4 | 72.2 | v high | 199% |
| Gabo Island Lighthouse | 19.5 | -0.5 | 24.5 | 28th | 14.7 | +0.3 | 10.3 | 7th | 60.6 | 67.4 | average | 90% |
| Gelantipy | 19.2 | -2.3 | 31.3 | 27th | 8.3 | -1.3 | 1.5 | 10th | 140.6 | 69.4 | v high | 203% |
| Lakes Entrance (Eastern Beach Road) | 21.3 | -1.6 | 35.0 | 28th | 11.9 | -1.3 | 4.5 | 10th | 98.7 | 69.1 | high | 143% |
| Mallacoota | 21.6 | -0.7 | 32.7 | 27th | 13.5 | -0.3 | 7.7 | 14th | 48.4 | 72.8 | average | 66% |
| Mount Nowa Nowa | 21.5 | -1.2 | 34.5 | 26th | 11.5 | -0.8 | 4.9 | 14th | 67.4 | 80.0 | average | 84% |
| Orbost | 22.8 | -1.4 | 35.3 | 26th | 11.6 | -1.4 | 4.4 | 10th | 104.8 | 68.8 | high | 152% |
| West Gippsland (district 85) | ||||||||||||
| Bairnsdale Airport | 22.7 | -1.1 | 35.0 | 26th | 10.5 | -0.8 | 2.5 | 10th | 86.8 | 61.6 | high | 141% |
| Corner Inlet (Yanakie) | 20.9 | 32.1 | 4th | 11.9 | 4.3 | 10th | 61.8 | |||||
| East Sale | 23.1 | -0.4 | 36.1 | 26th | 11.2 | -0.2 | 3.6 | 10th | 51.6 | 54.1 | average | 95% |
| East Sale Airport | 23.4 | 35.7 | 26th | 11.1 | 4.1 | 10th | 51.0 | |||||
| Morwell (Latrobe Valley Airport) | 24.2 | -0.3 | 36.6 | 26th | 11.4 | +0.1 | 3.3 | 10th | 59.2 | 65.2 | average | 91% |
| Mount Baw Baw | 12.7 | -2.1 | 25.2 | 27th | 5.0 | -1.0 | -3.1 | 14th | 183.6 | 136.5 | high | 135% |
| Mount Moornapa | 21.8 | -1.5 | 33.7 | 27th | 10.7 | -0.7 | 5.0 | 10th | 91.8 | 67.4 | high | 136% |
| Nilma North (Warragul) | 23.0 | 35.1 | 26th | 11.3 | 6.2 | 10th | 91.6 | |||||
| Pound Creek | 22.2 | -0.5 | 35.8 | 27th | 11.0 | -0.4 | 2.8 | 10th | 54.0 | 58.1 | average | 93% |
| Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse | 18.7 | -0.2 | 31.7 | 27th | 13.2 | +0.5 | 9.1 | 8th | 55.4 | 64.2 | average | 86% |
| Yarram Airport | 22.2 | -1.4 | 33.0 | 4th | 10.6 | -0.7 | 2.4 | 10th | 69.2 | 53.6 | high | 129% |
| East Central (district 86) | ||||||||||||
| Cerberus | 22.5 | 0.0 | 37.5 | 27th | 12.2 | +0.2 | 5.0 | 10th | 47.2 | 52.7 | average | 90% |
| Coldstream | 25.0 | -0.3 | 36.1 | 26th | 10.0 | +0.1 | 3.4 | 10th | 71.8 | 58.3 | high | 123% |
| Essendon Airport | 24.4 | -0.2 | 37.5 | 27th | 12.2 | +0.2 | 6.2 | 10th | 59.0 | 51.5 | average | 115% |
| Ferny Creek | 20.7 | -1.2 | 32.3 | 26th | 10.6 | -0.7 | 3.7 | 14th | 115.6 | 95.1 | average | 122% |
| Frankston (Ballam Park) | 23.4 | 36.7 | 27th | 12.5 | 8.0 | 16th | 55.4 | |||||
| Melbourne (Olympic Park) | 23.9 | 37.3 | 27th | 13.3 | 8.1 | 10th | 42.4 | 51.5 | average | 82% | ||
| Melbourne Airport | 24.1 | -0.6 | 36.7 | 27th | 11.6 | -0.5 | 5.2 | 10th | 97.6 | 51.1 | v high | 191% |
| Moorabbin Airport | 23.6 | -0.4 | 37.9 | 27th | 12.7 | 0.0 | 6.9 | 10th | 60.8 | 59.6 | average | 102% |
| Rhyll | 22.3 | +0.3 | 33.4 | 27th | 13.4 | -0.4 | 8.3 | 8th | 57.8 | 44.8 | high | 129% |
| Scoresby Research Institute | 24.5 | +0.3 | 36.5 | 27th | 11.4 | -0.5 | 4.7 | 10th | 61.8 | 74.2 | average | 83% |
| Viewbank | 24.9 | -0.9 | 37.4 | 27th | 11.8 | -0.9 | 5.3 | 10th | 62.6 | 65.8 | average | 95% |
| West Central (district 87) | ||||||||||||
| Avalon Airport | 23.8 | -0.7 | 38.8 | 27th | 11.9 | 0.0 | 4.6 | 10th | 8.4 | 28.8 | low | 29% |
| Breakwater (Geelong Racecourse) | 22.5 | -1.8 | 37.7 | 27th | 11.9 | -0.7 | 6.5 | 10th | 32.8 | 30.2 | average | 109% |
| Laverton RAAF | 23.6 | -0.3 | 38.4 | 27th | 12.4 | +0.3 | 5.6 | 10th | 38.0 | 45.8 | average | 83% |
| Point Cook RAAF | 22.7 | 38.3 | 27th | 13.0 | 7.2 | 14th | 37.4 | |||||
| She Oaks | 22.6 | -1.2 | 36.3 | 27th | 10.3 | -0.1 | 3.5 | 10th | 57.2 | 31.2 | high | 183% |
| North Central (district 88) | ||||||||||||
| Eildon Fire Tower | 22.5 | -1.6 | 32.8 | 26th | 10.6 | -0.8 | 2.9 | 14th | 72.8 | 50.6 | high | 144% |
| Lake Eildon | 35.9 | 27th | 11.0 | -0.1 | 4.0 | 14th | 115.5 | 57.5 | v high | 201% | ||
| Mangalore Airport | 26.7 | -0.5 | 37.2 | 27th | 11.1 | -0.9 | 4.5 | 9th | 36.4 | 39.9 | average | 91% |
| Maryborough | 25.6 | -1.1 | 36.8 | 27th | 11.3 | -0.1 | 4.9 | 9th | 48.7 | 37.1 | high | 131% |
| Puckapunyal Lyon Hill (Defence) | 26.5 | 37.2 | 26th | 12.1 | 5.9 | 8th | 26.0 | |||||
| Puckapunyal West (Defence) | 25.4 | 37.0 | 26th | 11.0 | 4.2 | 14th | 25.0 | |||||
| Wallan (Kilmore Gap) | 21.5 | -0.9 | 33.5 | 26th | 10.1 | -0.2 | 3.2 | 14th | 41.8 | 45.6 | average | 92% |
| Western Plains (district 89) | ||||||||||||
| Ararat Prison | 24.3 | -0.6 | 37.0 | 27th | 10.3 | +0.9 | 2.4 | 9th | 19.5 | 36.7 | average | 53% |
| Ballarat Aerodrome | 22.2 | -0.5 | 34.9 | 27th | 9.7 | +0.2 | 4.1 | 9th | 38.8 | 49.7 | average | 78% |
| Westmere | 23.5 | -2.3 | 35.7 | 26th | 9.5 | +0.2 | 3.1 | 9th | ||||
| West Coast (district 90) | ||||||||||||
| Aireys Inlet | 21.4 | -0.1 | 37.8 | 27th | 12.2 | -0.1 | 7.7 | 8th | 25.8 | 37.9 | low | 68% |
| Cape Nelson Lighthouse | 19.6 | -0.3 | 39.5 | 27th | 12.9 | -0.2 | 8.9 | 14th | 25.2 | 39.6 | low | 64% |
| Cape Otway Lighthouse | 18.8 | -1.1 | 37.3 | 27th | 12.4 | +0.3 | 8.5 | 7th | 42.8 | 52.1 | average | 82% |
| Casterton | 22.8 | -2.4 | 37.8 | 27th | 9.8 | -0.3 | 2.6 | 9th | 45.2 | 38.2 | high | 118% |
| Colac (Mount Gellibrand) | 22.1 | -1.4 | 37.8 | 27th | 10.2 | -0.6 | 5.0 | 8th | 30.0 | 34.6 | average | 87% |
| Dartmoor | 23.3 | -1.4 | 40.7 | 27th | 10.5 | -0.3 | 3.0 | 9th | 41.4 | 40.0 | average | 104% |
| Hamilton Airport | 23.0 | -1.2 | 38.5 | 27th | 9.6 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 8th | 43.0 | 42.5 | average | 101% |
| Mortlake Racecourse | 22.7 | -0.9 | 37.5 | 27th | 10.2 | +0.9 | 4.3 | 9th | 41.0 | 39.4 | average | 104% |
| Port Fairy AWS | 20.9 | -0.4 | 39.8 | 27th | 12.6 | 0.0 | 8.3 | 10th | 33.8 | 40.1 | average | 84% |
| Portland (Cashmore Airport) | 20.2 | -0.1 | 38.4 | 27th | 11.1 | +0.1 | 6.1 | 9th | 49.0 | 49.5 | average | 99% |
| Warrnambool Airport NDB | 21.2 | -1.4 | 37.7 | 27th | 10.2 | 0.0 | 3.8 | 20th | 44.8 | 45.4 | average | 99% |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
Notes
The Monthly climate summary, generally published on the third working day of each month, lists the main features of the weather in Victoria using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. More extensive discussion of significant weather events, along with later information and data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review.
This statement has been prepared based on information available at 9 am on Tuesday 3 January 2023. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.
Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from
all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site.
They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
mean
of long-term average rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.
Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.
Further information
- Media
- media@bom.gov.au (03) 9669 4057
Unless otherwise noted, all maps, graphs and diagrams in this page are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
