Western Australia in December 2021: third warmest December on record

For Western Australia as whole, it was the third-warmest December on record overall and rainfall was below average. Mean maximum temperatures were above average across almost the whole state, and the highest on record in the Pilbara region. Mean minimum temperatures were also above average for most of the state apart from the southern and north-eastern parts, resulting in statewide averaged the mean maximum temperature and minimum temperature ranking the third-highest and fourth-highest on record respectively. Rainfall was mostly below average in the western and southern half of the state, and rainfall was close to average in the north.

Below average rainfall in the west and south

  • Rainfall was 26% below average for Western Australia as a whole.
  • Most of the western half of the state and along the southern coastal areas recorded nil rainfall or less than 10 mm monthly rainfall, while up to 100–200 mm monthly totals were recorded in the north and west Kimberley from thunderstorms.

Well above average mean maximum temperatures across the state

  • For Western Australia as whole, the mean temperature was 1.69 °C above average, which was the third-warmest December on record overall, behind 2019 (3.4 °C above average) and 1972 (2.59 °C above average).
  • Western Australia's mean maximum temperature was 2.23 °C above average, which was the third-highest for December on record, behind 2019 (4.25 °C above average) and 1972 (2.86 °C above average ).
  • Western Australia's mean minimum temperature was 1.15 °C above average, which was the fourth-highest for December on record.
  • The north of the state experienced severe heatwave conditions a number of times during December; a number of sites in the Pilbara had their hottest December days on record, while Broome Airport, Port Hedland Airport and several other sites had their warmest December nights on record
  • Marble Bar undoubtedly claimed the hottest place of the month for the state and the country, as the town recorded its highest mean maximum temperature and mean minimum temperature for December in 120 years of temperature observations (combining the current and old sites) at 44.7 °C and 28.7 °C respectively.
  • Marble Bar recorded a total of 16 days with maximum temperatures at 45 °C or above in December, which was the highest count for December on record and the second-highest count for any month.
  • A severe to extreme heatwave hit the west coast, particularly in and around Perth, in late December, with daytime and overnight temperatures peaking on Christmas Day (25th) and Boxing Day (26th); several locations recorded their highest December temperature on record or warmest December night on record.
  • Locations near the west coast recorded at least 3 consecutive days with maximum temperatures at 40 °C or above during the heatwave, and Perth had its first 4 consecutive days of 40 °C in December.
  • Geraldton Airport recorded 6 consecutive days with maximum temperatures at 40 °C or above between the 24th and 29th, which was its longest such run in December and the equal second-longest run for any month at Geraldton (combining the current and old sites observations from 1941).

 

Further information

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Extremes in December 2021
Hottest day 47.9 °C at Mardie on the 20th
Warmest days on average 44.7 °C at Marble Bar
Coolest days on average 21.3 °C at Albany
Coldest day 17.0 °C at Shannon on the 18th
Coldest night 2.5 °C at Salmon Gums Res.Stn. on the 13th
Coolest nights on average 10.9 °C at Salmon Gums Res.Stn.
Warmest nights on average 28.7 °C at Marble Bar\
Warmest night 34.0 °C at Marble Bar on the 6th
Warmest on average overall 36.7 °C at Marble Bar
Coolest on average overall 18.0 °C at Albany Airport
Wettest overall 299.1 mm at Mount Hart Station
Wettest day 114.6 mm at Mount Hart Station on the 29th
Strongest wind gust 139 km/h at Forrest on the 16th
122 km/h at Fitzroy Crossing Aero on the 19th

Maps
ObservedAnomalyDecile rank
Total
rainfall
Map of Rainfall totals Map of Percentage of normal rainfall Map of Rainfall deciles
Mean
daily
maximum
temperatures
Map of Mean maximum temperature Map of Anomaly in mean maximum temperature Map of Decile rank of mean maximum temperature
Mean
daily
minimum
temperatures
Map of Mean minimum temperature Map of Anomaly in mean minimum temperature Map of Decile rank of mean minimum temperature

Click on a map to show it full size in a pop-up window



Record highest December temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
December
Cape Naturaliste 38.5 on the 26th 37.7 on the 30th in 2012 65 23.7
Jurien Bay 46.0 on the 25th 44.7 on the 26th in 1997 53 28.3
Kalbarri 46.5 on the 25th 44.0 on the 11th in 2006 49 31.2
Windy Harbour 37.0 on the 9th 36.2 on the 10th in 2020 34 22.0
Rottnest Island 42.5 on the 26th 40.6 on the 6th in 1992 31 25.1
Swanbourne 43.7 on the 26th 43.0 on the 26th in 2007 29 28.0
Busselton Aero 41.4 on the 26th 41.0 on the 30th in 2012 25 28.1
Shark Bay Airport 46.2 on the 24th 46.0 on the 25th in 2018 22 32.5
Mandurah 41.0 on the 26th 40.1 on the 25th in 2010 21 27.3



Record highest December mean daily maximum temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
December
Jurien Bay 31.1 31.0 in 2019 52 28.3
Telfer Aero 43.5 43.3 in 2019 47 40.3
Newman Aero 41.9 41.7 in 2018 25 39.2
Paraburdoo Aero 42.7 = 42.7 in 2019 25 40.6
Marble Bar 44.7 44.1 in 2019 21 41.9
Roebourne Aero 42.9 42.3 in 2019 20 39.4

Highest December mean daily maximum temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)
Most recent
higher
Average for
December
Windy Harbour 23.6 24.0 in 1999* 22.0

* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a higher value has gone unreported




Record highest December daily minimum temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
December
Cape Leeuwin 22.0 on the 27th 21.7 on the 29th in 1935 115 15.8
Port Hedland Airport 32.3 on the 28th 30.1 on the 28th in 2019 74 24.2
Pearce RAAF 28.0 on the 26th = 28.0 on the 20th in 2002 63 14.6
Karnet 24.6 on the 27th 23.6 on the 23rd in 2015 56 13.5
Jarrahwood 23.5 on the 27th 21.5 on the 29th in 2009 39 11.2
Murchison 32.5 on the 25th 31.3 on the 27th in 2003 31 20.3
Rottnest Island 27.0 on the 27th 25.7 on the 17th in 1991 31 17.7
Karratha Aero 31.4 on the 12th 31.2 on the 27th in 2019 29 25.7
Swanbourne 27.2 on the 27th 25.9 on the 24th in 2002 29 16.7
Bunbury 25.2 on the 27th 25.1 on the 30th in 2012 27 13.5
Gingin Aero 27.9 on the 27th 27.5 on the 20th in 2002 26 14.4
York 25.5 on the 9th 25.2 on the 29th in 2009 26 14.0
Busselton Aero 24.2 on the 27th 23.0 on the 24th in 2002 25 12.4
North Island 24.6 on the 29th 24.4 on the 27th in 2010 22 20.0
Garden Island HSF 25.5 on the 27th 25.0 on the 24th in 2002 21 17.3



Record highest December mean daily minimum temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
December
Broome Airport 28.5 28.2 in 2019 82 26.6
Port Hedland Airport 26.9 26.8 in 2016 73 24.2
Jurien Bay 18.0 17.9 in 1999 52 15.6
Telfer Aero 28.5 28.4 in 2019 47 25.6
Marble Bar 28.7 27.8 in 2019 21 26.2



Record highest December mean temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
December
Port Hedland Airport 33.6 33.5 in 2019 73 30.4
Jurien Bay 24.9 24.1 in 2019 52 22.0
Telfer Aero 36.0 35.9 in 2019 47 33.0
Newman Aero 34.0 33.9 in 2019 25 31.7
Marble Bar 36.7 36.0 in 2019 21 34.0



Summary statistics for December 2021
Maximum temperatures
(°C)
Minimum temperatures
(°C)
Rainfall
(millimetres)
Mean for
December
2021
Diff
from
average
Highest for
December
2021
Mean for
December
2021
Diff
from
average
Lowest for
December
2021
Total for
December
2021
Average
for
December
Rank of
December
2021
Fraction of
December
average
North Kimberley (district 01)
Doongan 37.0 +2.4 40.3 4th 24.0 +0.8 21.1 29th 161.9 214.5 average 75%
Kalumburu 37.4 +1.9 41.3 2nd 25.5 +0.5 23.1 25th 229.0 233.2 average 98%
Mount Elizabeth 37.1 +2.9 40.2 18th 22.6 +0.2 19.6 27th 87.0 170.5 low 51%
Troughton Island 34.3 +1.3 35.5 1st 28.2 +0.8 22.5 29th 154.8 125.6 high 123%
Truscott 34.9 +0.7 38.1 4th 26.4 +0.3 21.7 29th 204.8 193.4 average 106%
Wyndham Aero 40.0 +1.9 44.4 2nd 27.2 +0.5 23.7 8th 122.2 149.2 average 82%
East Kimberley (district 02)
Argyle Aerodrome 40.3 +2.8 43.9 2nd 27.6 +1.5 22.0 9th 72.4 133.8 low 54%
Halls Creek Airport 40.1   44.5 17th 24.7   19.0 7th 77.2
Kununurra Aero 39.6 +2.3 43.7 3rd 25.7 +0.2 22.2 28th 93.4 141.6 average 66%
Warmun 40.6 +2.2 45.0 5th 25.7 +0.5 21.0 16th 98.0 119.4 average 82%
West Kimberley (district 03)
Bidyadanga 35.6 +0.6 40.0 26th 25.9 0.0 20.5 26th 31.6 60.0 average 53%
Broome Airport 34.6 +0.7 38.8 20th 28.5 +1.9 23.7 20th 32.0 64.1 average 50%
Curtin Aero 40.2 +1.8 44.3 4th 25.6 +0.4 21.0 22nd 111.6 153.7 average 73%
Derby Aero 38.9 +1.7 42.4 27th 26.7 +0.4 21.3 22nd 24.8 82.6 average 30%
Fitzroy Crossing Aero 42.0 +2.8 45.8 17th 26.8 +1.0 21.4 19th 88.8 136.2 low 65%
Yampi Sound (Defence) 40.3   43.4 18th 26.4   23.0 11th 33.0
De Grey (district 04)
Bedout Island 33.8 +0.3 38.6 28th 27.9 +0.8 26.9 1st
Karratha Aero 38.6 +2.7 45.3 11th 26.6 +0.9 23.9 25th 1.2 14.7 average 8%
Legendre Island 33.3 +0.9 38.5 28th 26.9 +0.9 25.2 16th
Mandora 37.8 +1.0 47.7 19th 25.9 +1.4 22.2 1st 48.6 33.7 high 144%
Marble Bar 44.7 +2.8 46.8 2nd 28.7 +2.5 21.7 31st 10.0 36.4 low 27%
Port Hedland Airport 40.3 +3.6 47.4 19th 26.9 +2.7 24.2 4th 3.4 19.2 average 18%
Roebourne Aero 42.9 +3.5 46.9 5th 26.1 +1.2 23.5 1st 0.4 15.5 average 3%
Fortescue (district 05)
Barrow Island Airport 32.6 +0.2 39.8 29th 24.9 +0.3 23.0 16th 5.2 6.6 high 79%
Karijini North 43.1   45.2 19th 28.2   21.4 24th 5.0
Learmonth Airport 38.5 +1.5 46.5 20th 20.9 0.0 18.1 18th 0 6.0 lowest 0%
Mardie 39.7 +2.1 47.9 20th 24.2 +1.1 21.6 16th 0.2 9.2 average 2%
Onslow Airport 38.4 +2.4 46.5 20th 23.5 +1.0 20.4 14th 0 3.3 lowest 0%
Thevenard Island 33.1 +0.9 39.6 19th 24.4 +0.5 21.2 14th 0 6.6 lowest 0%
West Gascoyne (district 06)
Carnarvon Airport 30.2 +0.7 45.3 28th 21.1 +0.4 18.8 18th 0 5.3 lowest 0%
Denham 30.0 +0.7 44.0 28th 20.7 +0.1 18.0 2nd 0 2.2 lowest 0%
Emu Creek Station 41.2 +1.3 46.5 21st 21.8 -0.6 19.0 14th 0 13.9 lowest 0%
Murchison 39.4 +1.9 44.6 25th 20.9 +0.6 15.5 14th 0 12.9 lowest 0%
Shark Bay Airport 32.8 +0.3 46.2 24th 20.2 +0.4 15.8 18th 0 7.7 lowest 0%
East Gascoyne (district 07)
Newman Aero 41.9 +2.7 44.2 22nd 26.1 +2.0 21.2 13th 0 34.6 lowest 0%
Paraburdoo Aero 42.7 +2.1 46.6 20th 26.0 +1.3 21.3 15th 1.0 25.8 low 4%
Murchison (district 07A)
Meekatharra Airport 39.2 +2.6 43.1 21st 24.0 +1.8 17.9 17th 2.2 14.3 low 15%
Mount Magnet Aero 38.2 +2.2 42.2 25th 22.1 +0.8 16.3 17th 0.8 18.3 low 4%
Paynes Find 36.8 +1.6 41.7 26th 19.2 +0.6 12.5 18th 0.8 12.1 low 7%
North Coast (district 08)
Dalwallinu 35.2 +1.8 42.4 25th 16.3 +0.4 10.8 1st 2.4 11.4 average 21%
Geraldton Airport 32.2 +0.9 47.3 25th 17.2 +0.2 11.0 18th 1.0 4.9 low 20%
Kalbarri 32.2 +1.0 46.5 25th 18.9 +1.3 13.4 18th 0.2 3.7 average 5%
Morawa Airport 37.0 +1.6 44.4 26th 18.4 +0.9 11.7 18th 0 13.4 lowest 0%
Mullewa 36.8 +2.3 44.7 25th 18.7 +1.6 11.7 18th 0 8.4 lowest 0%
North Island 27.2 +0.6 36.7 25th 20.5 +0.5 18.4 14th 0.2 3.8 average 5%
Wongan Hills 34.8 +2.2 42.9 26th 15.9 +0.1 11.3 18th 3.2 9.8 average 33%
Central Coast (district 09)
Badgingarra Research Stn 33.5 +1.4 43.5 26th 16.7 +1.6 9.9 18th 0 8.7 lowest 0%
Bickley 30.2 +1.9 40.3 26th 15.0 +1.2 9.2 14th 6.0 14.3 average 42%
Garden Island HSF 27.1 +1.5 42.5 26th 18.2 +0.9 13.6 13th 2.2 9.5 low 23%
Gingin Aero 33.0 +2.1 44.5 25th 15.3 +0.9 6.7 20th 3.0 9.8 average 31%
Jandakot Aero 31.6 +2.3 43.3 26th 16.8 +2.0 8.7 19th 2.6 10.3 average 25%
Jurien Bay 31.1 +2.8 46.0 25th 18.0 +2.4 11.0 13th 0.8 6.4 average 13%
Karnet     40.0 27th 14.5 +1.0 8.1 19th 9.2 18.4 average 50%
Millendon (Swan Valley) 32.9   42.9 26th 16.5   9.3 1st 5.8
Pearce RAAF 33.7 +3.2 43.3 25th 16.4 +1.8 8.8 20th 2.4 10.8 average 22%
Perth Airport 32.5 +3.3 43.3 26th 16.7 +1.7 9.0 20th 2.4 10.9 low 22%
Perth Metro 31.7 +2.3 43.5 26th 17.8 +1.4 11.2 19th 3.6 10.2 average 35%
Rottnest Island 26.6 +1.5 42.5 26th 18.6 +0.9 14.7 2nd 0.2 10.1 low 2%
Swanbourne 29.1 +1.1 43.7 26th 18.2 +1.5 12.7 1st 1.8 10.5 average 17%
South Coast (district 09A)
Albany 21.3 -0.5 27.2 9th 14.9 +0.8 9.0 13th 12.0 30.0 low 40%
Albany Airport 23.5   34.8 29th 12.6   4.7 13th 11.6
Bridgetown 28.7 +0.9 39.1 28th 11.3 +0.2 3.2 1st 4.2 17.6 low 24%
Bunbury 27.8 +0.3 37.0 8th 14.4 +0.9 6.0 19th 10.6 16.3 average 65%
Busselton Aero 29.6 +1.5 41.4 26th 12.9 +0.5 3.6 19th 2.0 9.7 low 21%
Cape Leeuwin 23.8 +2.0 38.1 27th 16.8 +1.0 11.9 13th 4.0 20.4 v low 20%
Cape Naturaliste 27.0 +3.3 38.5 26th 14.8 +0.8 9.2 13th 3.6 13.3 low 27%
Collie East 30.0 +1.1 39.8 26th 12.2 +0.7 4.7 19th 6.6 19.2 average 34%
Donnybrook 29.4 +1.1 40.5 28th     6.7 1st 5.8 16.2 average 36%
Dwellingup 30.2 +2.8 41.5 26th 13.8 +1.2 6.9 19th 9.6 20.5 average 47%
Esperance 24.4 -0.3 36.6 10th 13.5 -0.9 9.3 1st 1.0 19.5 v low 5%
Esperance Aero 26.7 +0.6 39.6 10th 11.9 -1.5 7.7 1st 0.8 21.4 v low 4%
Hopetoun North 23.4 -0.7 36.5 10th 13.6 -0.2 7.0 13th 3.6 22.5 low 16%
Jarrahwood 29.8 +2.5 40.0 28th 11.5 +0.3 3.0 1st 5.0 17.3 average 29%
Mandurah 29.5 +2.2 41.0 26th 18.2 +0.9 13.1 19th 1.4 14.5 low 10%
Manjimup 27.2 +2.2 39.0 28th 12.3 +0.6 6.6 13th 13.2 25.2 average 52%
North Walpole 23.9 +1.2 37.1 9th 13.1 +0.3 6.2 13th 17.2 40.5 low 42%
Rocky Gully 26.1 +0.4 37.5 29th 11.6 +0.6 4.3 13th 7.2 28.5 low 25%
Shannon 25.9 +1.4 38.8 28th 11.9 +0.6 5.1 13th 9.0 31.1 low 29%
Windy Harbour 23.6 +1.6 37.0 9th 13.6 +0.6 7.5 13th 9.4 27.4 low 34%
North Central (district 10)
Bencubbin 34.5 +2.0 41.0 26th 16.4 +0.4 10.8 18th 0.4 13.3 low 3%
Cunderdin Airfield 34.7 +1.6 42.3 25th 15.7 +0.8 9.9 18th 0 7.8 lowest 0%
Merredin 34.5 +2.3 41.1 30th 17.0 +1.1 10.0 15th 0 13.9 lowest 0%
Northam 33.9 +1.7 42.4 25th 16.4 +1.1 11.5 13th 0 9.1 lowest 0%
York 34.0 +1.5 41.6 29th 15.0 +1.0 8.0 19th 4.1 11.5 average 36%
South Central (district 10A)
Beverley 35.0 +2.7 43.3 28th 15.0 +0.6 8.6 19th 3.6 10.3 average 35%
Brookton 33.0 +1.8 41.1 22nd 14.2 +0.6 7.5 19th 0 10.2 lowest 0%
Hyden 33.5 +1.5 42.0 30th 13.9 0.0 8.5 1st 0.5 14.3 low 3%
Jacup 26.9 +0.4 36.3 29th 11.2 -0.3 4.7 13th 10.2 26.9 average 38%
Katanning 29.3 +0.5 38.9 29th 11.4 -0.4 5.6 19th 4.2 23.1 low 18%
Lake Grace 30.7 +1.0 39.1 30th 13.5 -0.1 7.2 19th 0.2 19.6 lowest 1%
Narembeen 34.4 +2.3 40.7 25th 15.4 +0.9 10.1 13th 0.2 12.8 low 2%
Narrogin 30.7 +1.7 39.4 29th 13.6 +1.2 6.3 19th 3.6 13.9 average 26%
Newdegate Research Station 31.4 +1.7 40.6 30th 12.0 +0.3 4.5 19th 8.4 15.1 average 56%
Pingelly 31.9 +1.7 40.0 29th     9.0 13th 0.1 12.5 low 1%
Ravensthorpe 27.8 +0.5 36.5 16th 12.5 -0.3 6.0 13th 4.2 23.5 low 18%
Wagin 30.1 +0.7 40.0 29th 13.3 +0.3 6.5 19th 3.8 13.1 average 29%
Wandering 31.6 +1.0 40.2 29th 12.7 +0.6 4.9 19th 5.8 16.7 average 35%
Eucla (district 11)
Eucla 25.0 +0.1 42.3 11th 15.0 -0.2 8.5 20th 8.2 18.7 average 44%
Eyre 26.8 +1.0 41.0 31st 12.9 -1.2 3.2 9th 0 20.7 lowest 0%
Forrest 30.8 -0.9 41.9 11th 14.1 -0.9 10.0 9th 10.2 25.3 low 40%
South East (district 12)
Bulga Downs 37.7 +1.4 42.0 31st 21.0 +0.7 16.3 17th 3.8 12.7 average 30%
Kalgoorlie-Boulder Airport 33.8 +1.7 41.7 10th 17.1 +0.4 12.0 13th 6.4 16.2 average 40%
Laverton Aero 35.6 +1.6 42.8 10th 20.6 +0.7 15.2 13th 6.8 27.6 low 25%
Leinster Aero 37.3 +1.6 42.9 16th 22.3 +1.0 19.1 17th 6.4 23.9 low 27%
Leonora Aero 36.3 +0.8 43.6 16th 21.6 +0.5 16.7 13th 2.2 15.1 v low 15%
Munglinup West 28.6 +0.9 38.8 16th 11.5 -1.2 6.1 13th 2.2 24.3 low 9%
Norseman Aero 32.8 +1.5 41.4 16th 13.6 -0.4 5.8 13th 1.6 19.4 v low 8%
Salmon Gums Res.Stn. 31.3 +2.2 41.2 16th 10.9 -1.3 2.5 13th 0 19.3 lowest 0%
Southern Cross Airfield 34.9 +1.9 40.5 30th 16.4 +0.7 11.1 18th 0.2 14.9 v low 1%
North East (district 13)
Carnegie 40.2 +2.6 44.5 16th 22.6 +0.3 18.0 5th 0 24.8 lowest 0%
Giles Meteorological Office 38.0 +2.1 43.8 18th 22.6 +0.7 19.0 15th 13.4 47.3 low 28%
Telfer Aero 43.5 +3.2 45.9 4th 28.5 +2.9 20.7 31st 36.6 46.9 average 78%
Warburton Airfield 38.3 +1.6 43.9 3rd 22.9 +1.4 18.8 5th 42.4 33.2 high 128%
Wiluna Aero 39.1   42.9 16th 23.3   19.4 18th 1.2
Offshore Islands (district 200)
Adele Island 32.7   33.6 15th 28.3   22.7 26th
Browse Island 31.4   33.3 6th 28.3   22.2 26th
Rowley Shoals 30.1   32.1 6th 28.4   27.6 1st
Varanus Island 31.8 +0.5 34.9 20th 25.5 +0.5 23.7 14th 0 5.6 lowest 0%

Notes

The Monthly climate summary, generally published on the first working day of each month, lists the main features of the weather in Western Australia using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. More extensive discussion of significant weather events, along with later information and data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review.

This statement has been prepared based on information available at 3 pm on Tuesday 4 January 2022. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.

In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.

Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site. They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median is sometimes more representative than the mean of long-term average rain.

The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site, based on the decile ranking (very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3, average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9 and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a percentage of the long-term mean.

Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.

Further information

Media
(03) 9669 4057

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