Sunday 1 February 2026 - Monthly Climate Summary for Greater Perth - Product code IDCKGC11L0
Greater Perth in January 2026
Rainfall
- Rainfall totals for January were below average at all sites across Greater Perth.
- January rainfall totals ranged from around 1% to around 35% of average across Greater Perth.
Temperature
- Mean maximum temperatures for January at some sites across Greater Perth were above average while at others they were below average.
- January mean maximum temperatures for Greater Perth ranged from 0.6 °C below average at Karnet to 1.7 °C above average at Perth Airport.
- Mean minimum temperatures for January at most sites across Greater Perth were above average.
- January mean minimum temperatures for Greater Perth ranged from 0.1 °C below average at Garden Island HSF to 1.0 °C above average at Perth Airport.
Perth Metro
- Total rainfall for Perth Metro was 1.8 mm, which is 11% of the long-term average of 16.4 mm.
- The mean daily maximum temperature for Perth Metro was 31.3 °C, which is 0.1 °C below the long-term average of 31.4 °C.
- The warmest day was 40.7 °C on the 21st, and the coolest day was on the 26th when the temperature reached 23.6 °C.
- The mean daily minimum temperature for Perth Metro was 18.3 °C, which is 0.1 °C above the long-term average of 18.2 °C.
- The coldest morning was 13.6 °C on the 27th, and the warmest morning was on the 22nd when the minimum temperature was 22.3 °C.
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
| Extremes in January 2026 | |
|---|---|
| Hottest day |
42.1 °C at Pearce RAAF on the 2nd |
| Warmest days on average |
34.1 °C at Pearce RAAF |
| Coolest days on average |
26.5 °C at Rottnest Island |
| Coldest day |
20.5 °C at Karnet on the 26th |
| Coldest night |
9.5 °C at Pearce RAAF on the 27th |
| Coolest nights on average |
15.5 °C at Karnet 15.5 °C at Bickley |
| Warmest nights on average |
19.4 °C at Rottnest Island |
| Warmest night |
28.3 °C at Pearce RAAF on the 22nd |
| Warmest on average overall |
25.9 °C at Pearce RAAF |
| Coolest on average overall |
22.9 °C at Rottnest Island |
| Wettest overall |
8.0 mm at Mundaring 8.0 mm at Araluen |
| Wettest day |
8.0 mm at Araluen on the 26th |
| Strongest wind gust |
78.0 km/h at Bickley on the 11th |
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
| Summary statistics for January 2026 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum temperatures (°C) |
Minimum temperatures (°C) |
Rainfall (millimetres) |
||||||||||
| Mean for January 2026 |
Diff from average |
Highest for January 2026 |
Mean for January 2026 |
Diff from average |
Lowest for January 2026 |
Total for January 2026 |
Average for January |
Rank of January 2026 |
Fraction of January average |
|||
| Bickley | 30.9 | +0.2 | 38.4 | 21st | 15.5 | 0.0 | 10.3 | 27th | 5.8 | 19.6 | average | 30% |
| Garden Island HSF | 27.5 | -0.1 | 38.9 | 21st | 19.0 | -0.1 | 15.3 | 18th | 4.2 | 11.9 | average | 35% |
| Jandakot Aero | 32.0 | +0.4 | 41.1 | 21st | 17.6 | +0.6 | 11.2 | 27th | 0.6 | 14.7 | average | 4% |
| Karnet | 30.1 | -0.6 | 37.2 | 21st | 15.5 | +0.1 | 10.9 | 27th | 5.0 | 17.6 | average | 28% |
| Mandurah | 30.1 | +0.4 | 38.6 | 20th | 19.2 | +0.2 | 14.9 | 27th | 1.0 | 14.0 | average | 7% |
| Millendon (Swan Valley) | 33.4 | 41.1 | 21st | 17.6 | 10.7 | 27th | 3.0 | |||||
| Pearce RAAF | 34.1 | +0.5 | 42.1 | 2nd | 17.9 | +0.8 | 9.5 | 27th | 1.6 | 9.7 | average | 16% |
| Perth Airport | 33.6 | +1.7 | 41.6 | 21st | 18.1 | +1.0 | 12.0 | 27th | 0.2 | 10.3 | low | 2% |
| Perth Metro | 31.3 | -0.1 | 40.7 | 21st | 18.3 | +0.1 | 13.6 | 27th | 1.8 | 16.4 | average | 11% |
| Rottnest Island | 26.5 | -0.2 | 36.2 | 21st | 19.4 | +0.2 | 15.9 | 18th | 1.0 | 13.7 | average | 7% |
| Swanbourne | 29.4 | -0.5 | 41.2 | 21st | 18.7 | +0.3 | 13.7 | 27th | 0.2 | 16.8 | low | 1% |
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
| Daily maximum temperatures for January 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
| Bickley | 34.2 | 38.1 | 34.4 | 32.5 | 34.3 | 31.2 | 29.8 | 26.9 | 26.5 | 27.4 | 31.4 | 32.8 | 30.8 | 30.0 | 35.2 | 32.7 | 24.9 | 29.1 | 33.6 | 37.3 | 38.4 | 32.3 | 24.9 | 27.6 | 23.8 | 21.0 | 25.8 | 29.0 | 33.8 | 35.6 | 33.3 |
| Garden Island HSF | 31.8 | 28.1 | 25.6 | 27.4 | 24.9 | 24.0 | 23.9 | 22.9 | 25.5 | 31.1 | 30.6 | 24.2 | 25.7 | 31.3 | 31.7 | 28.4 | 25.2 | 23.8 | 29.4 | 38.3 | 38.9 | 25.0 | 22.9 | 24.1 | 25.7 | 23.0 | 23.0 | 26.6 | 29.6 | 26.4 | 34.4 |
| Jandakot Aero | 36.9 | 38.5 | 33.2 | 32.6 | 32.5 | 29.6 | 29.5 | 28.0 | 29.2 | 30.9 | 34.2 | 33.0 | 30.4 | 33.0 | 36.0 | 33.0 | 26.4 | 28.0 | 35.5 | 39.9 | 41.1 | 33.5 | 26.5 | 27.6 | 26.9 | 24.2 | 25.8 | 34.8 | 36.2 | ||
| Karnet | 32.2 | 29.9 | 30.0 | 35.0 | 33.4 | 24.5 | 29.0 | 33.0 | 36.5 | 37.2 | 24.4 | 26.6 | 24.2 | 20.5 | 24.4 | 29.2 | 33.7 | 34.8 | 32.0 | ||||||||||||
| Mandurah | 33.9 | 35.0 | 33.6 | 31.0 | 29.9 | 27.8 | 27.4 | 25.0 | 28.4 | 31.4 | 34.7 | 29.6 | 29.7 | 32.9 | 33.9 | 30.4 | 25.4 | 26.4 | 32.6 | 38.6 | 38.4 | 28.1 | 24.8 | 25.2 | 24.4 | 23.0 | 25.1 | 28.2 | 30.1 | 31.9 | 35.6 |
| Millendon (Swan Valley) | 37.8 | 40.3 | 36.4 | 35.6 | 35.5 | 32.6 | 31.8 | 28.9 | 29.1 | 30.6 | 34.5 | 34.7 | 31.3 | 32.8 | 37.0 | 35.9 | 27.9 | 30.5 | 36.5 | 39.6 | 41.1 | 35.4 | 27.1 | 30.5 | 28.2 | 24.5 | 27.8 | 32.0 | 36.4 | 38.3 | 36.3 |
| Pearce RAAF | 38.6 | 42.1 | 36.4 | 37.1 | 36.2 | 32.9 | 32.4 | 30.4 | 29.6 | 31.0 | 35.6 | 31.6 | 33.7 | 38.7 | 36.3 | 28.5 | 31.0 | 36.7 | 40.5 | 41.7 | 36.4 | 27.5 | 30.9 | 28.8 | 25.3 | 27.3 | 32.1 | 37.3 | 39.5 | 37.0 | |
| Perth Airport | 38.4 | 40.3 | 35.5 | 34.7 | 35.4 | 32.4 | 32.1 | 29.6 | 29.5 | 30.5 | 34.4 | 35.1 | 31.4 | 33.4 | 38.2 | 34.8 | 28.8 | 30.4 | 37.0 | 40.3 | 41.6 | 34.3 | 28.4 | 29.4 | 27.0 | 25.8 | 28.6 | 32.1 | 36.4 | 37.9 | 36.8 |
| Perth Metro | 37.3 | 37.2 | 32.7 | 32.5 | 31.3 | 29.5 | 29.3 | 26.3 | 27.6 | 30.1 | 34.1 | 31.8 | 28.0 | 32.5 | 35.7 | 32.4 | 26.2 | 26.7 | 34.8 | 39.2 | 40.7 | 32.9 | 25.2 | 27.0 | 26.5 | 23.6 | 25.3 | 30.3 | 34.1 | 34.7 | 35.7 |
| Rottnest Island | 31.2 | 29.8 | 26.7 | 28.0 | 25.2 | 24.3 | 24.2 | 24.3 | 23.7 | 29.1 | 27.2 | 25.0 | 25.1 | 27.1 | 28.4 | 29.0 | 24.8 | 23.1 | 26.3 | 32.3 | 36.2 | 25.4 | 23.7 | 23.9 | 25.7 | 23.8 | 22.6 | 24.9 | 28.0 | 26.0 | 27.7 |
| Swanbourne | 36.1 | 31.7 | 28.7 | 28.6 | 27.8 | 26.5 | 26.6 | 25.2 | 27.0 | 30.4 | 33.0 | 26.7 | 26.5 | 31.4 | 33.2 | 28.3 | 25.6 | 24.9 | 32.6 | 39.2 | 41.2 | 28.7 | 24.8 | 25.8 | 26.2 | 24.0 | 24.2 | 29.0 | 32.8 | 29.7 | 35.0 |
|
Values are the maximum temperature, usually in the 24 hours from 9 am on the day indicated, and typically occurred in the afternoon of that day. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Temperatures coloured according to their difference from the long-term average for the period |
-10.0 | -9.0 | -8.0 | -7.0 | -6.0 | -5.0 | -4.0 | -3.0 | -2.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | +1.0 | +2.0 | +3.0 | +4.0 | +5.0 | +6.0 | +7.0 | +8.0 | +9.0 | +10.0 | °C | Grey outline marks highest and lowest for the period |
||||||||
| Daily minimum temperatures for January 2026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | |
| Bickley | 16.8 | 18.0 | 19.0 | 17.5 | 18.8 | 16.4 | 14.7 | 14.7 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 12.1 | 18.8 | 12.8 | 14.0 | 14.0 | 19.8 | 15.8 | 11.7 | 13.8 | 15.5 | 16.3 | 24.5 | 14.5 | 13.1 | 14.0 | 14.1 | 10.3 | 12.1 | 14.7 | 19.6 | 16.8 |
| Garden Island HSF | 19.9 | 20.9 | 22.1 | 20.1 | 21.6 | 20.3 | 18.5 | 19.0 | 16.4 | 16.5 | 16.3 | 21.7 | 18.2 | 17.9 | 18.1 | 21.7 | 20.2 | 15.3 | 17.6 | 19.5 | 21.3 | 21.1 | 19.7 | 17.7 | 19.8 | 18.1 | 15.6 | 15.9 | 18.7 | 18.3 | 20.7 |
| Jandakot Aero | 16.8 | 21.0 | 21.5 | 21.0 | 17.1 | 17.6 | 17.0 | 15.6 | 15.0 | 16.0 | 15.6 | 22.4 | 15.1 | 17.1 | 17.4 | 22.7 | 19.6 | 11.8 | 15.3 | 19.2 | 20.4 | 21.2 | 17.6 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 18.6 | 11.2 | 19.9 | 20.4 | ||
| Karnet | 18.1 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 14.5 | 21.1 | 14.1 | 11.5 | 14.7 | 15.2 | 17.5 | 16.0 | 12.3 | 13.0 | 15.0 | 10.9 | 13.9 | 15.0 | 21.1 | 16.8 | ||||||||||||
| Mandurah | 20.9 | 21.7 | 21.5 | 21.9 | 20.2 | 20.2 | 17.9 | 18.4 | 16.1 | 16.5 | 16.1 | 21.0 | 18.2 | 17.8 | 18.0 | 23.6 | 20.1 | 15.8 | 17.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 22.7 | 19.4 | 16.6 | 19.9 | 19.4 | 14.9 | 15.8 | 19.0 | 21.8 | 21.1 |
| Millendon (Swan Valley) | 15.5 | 20.9 | 22.1 | 19.7 | 15.5 | 18.1 | 18.1 | 16.1 | 16.2 | 16.0 | 16.3 | 21.3 | 13.9 | 17.4 | 17.8 | 22.1 | 19.3 | 13.0 | 14.0 | 19.5 | 20.6 | 27.0 | 18.9 | 12.7 | 13.4 | 15.4 | 10.7 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 20.5 |
| Pearce RAAF | 17.3 | 21.8 | 23.0 | 19.2 | 15.7 | 17.5 | 18.1 | 17.3 | 16.4 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 14.2 | 17.8 | 17.8 | 20.4 | 18.0 | 13.7 | 14.5 | 20.4 | 21.2 | 28.3 | 18.5 | 13.3 | 14.4 | 16.1 | 9.5 | 16.3 | 17.6 | 20.5 | 20.9 | |
| Perth Airport | 15.5 | 21.8 | 21.7 | 20.5 | 17.6 | 18.2 | 18.1 | 17.0 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 16.0 | 22.8 | 15.3 | 17.0 | 17.8 | 22.8 | 19.8 | 15.0 | 15.8 | 19.5 | 20.1 | 25.7 | 18.5 | 15.8 | 13.5 | 17.2 | 12.0 | 15.9 | 17.8 | 18.7 | 20.6 |
| Perth Metro | 17.1 | 22.2 | 22.3 | 20.2 | 19.5 | 19.5 | 18.3 | 16.4 | 16.4 | 16.2 | 16.1 | 20.5 | 16.5 | 17.6 | 17.9 | 21.5 | 19.8 | 14.7 | 16.2 | 19.3 | 20.4 | 22.3 | 18.8 | 16.3 | 16.4 | 17.2 | 13.6 | 16.0 | 18.4 | 18.7 | 20.8 |
| Rottnest Island | 21.1 | 21.5 | 21.6 | 21.6 | 20.7 | 20.8 | 18.7 | 19.4 | 16.5 | 16.5 | 16.7 | 21.6 | 18.8 | 18.2 | 18.2 | 21.3 | 19.4 | 15.9 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 21.7 | 23.7 | 19.6 | 18.3 | 18.6 | 16.3 | 16.3 | 16.7 | 19.6 | 21.1 | 20.9 |
| Swanbourne | 20.2 | 20.0 | 21.6 | 21.3 | 19.9 | 19.6 | 17.6 | 17.2 | 15.8 | 16.3 | 16.2 | 22.1 | 16.9 | 17.8 | 18.3 | 21.3 | 19.6 | 14.5 | 16.7 | 20.2 | 21.1 | 23.4 | 18.3 | 15.5 | 19.0 | 18.8 | 13.7 | 16.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.6 |
|
Values are the minimum temperature, usually in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated, and typically occurred that morning. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Temperatures coloured according to their difference from the long-term average for the period |
-10.0 | -9.0 | -8.0 | -7.0 | -6.0 | -5.0 | -4.0 | -3.0 | -2.0 | -1.0 | 0.0 | +1.0 | +2.0 | +3.0 | +4.0 | +5.0 | +6.0 | +7.0 | +8.0 | +9.0 | +10.0 | °C | Grey outline marks highest and lowest for the period |
||||||||
| Daily rainfall for January 2026 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | 31 | ||
| Anketell | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | 0.9 | - | - | - | - | |
| Araluen | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 8.0 | ||||||
| Bickley | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | 4.8 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Bungendore | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.6 | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Chidlow | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | → | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | → | → | 4.0 | |||||
| Garden Island HSF | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.2 | 2.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Jandakot Aero | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.6 | - | - | - | - | ||
| Jarrahdale | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | 0.4 | - | - | - | - | |
| Karnet | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.8 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | |
| Karragullen North | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | ||||||
| Maida Vale | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.8 | ||||||
| Mandurah | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Millendon (Swan Valley) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.6 | 0.4 | - | - | - | - | ||
| Mount Solus | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 3.8 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | |
| Muchea | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.8 | - | - | - | - | - | ||||||||
| Mundaring | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.6 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 6.4 | ||||||
| Pearce RAAF | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.6 | - | - | - | - | - | ||
| Perth Airport | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Perth Metro | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.2 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | ||
| Pinjarra South | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.4 | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | |
| Rottnest Island | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.0 | - | - | - | - | |
| Serpentine | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.4 | - | - | - | - | - | |
| Swanbourne | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | |
| Tamala Park (Mindarie) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.0 | - | - | - | - | ||
| Werribee | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.2 | - | - | - | - | - | |||||||
|
Most values are the precipitation in the 24 hours to 9 am on the day indicated.
Days marked with → are part of a longer accumulation, which is shown on the final day. Values over 100 mm have been rounded to the nearest whole millimetre. Days marked with - have a rainfall report of zero; days left blank have no rainfall report (which often indicates no rain fell). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rainfalls coloured according to the amount |
0 | 1.0 | 5.0 | 10.0 | 15.0 | 25.0 | 50.0 | 100 | 150 | 200 | 300 | 400 | 600 | millimetres | ||||||||||||||||||
Extremes Records Summaries Daily observations Important notes the top
Notes
The Monthly climate summary, usually published in the first week of the following month, lists the main features of the weather in Greater Perth using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated.
This summary includes data from observing sites in or near the Greater Perth “Greater Capital City Statistical Area” (GCCSA). The Australian Bureau of Statistics designed the GCCSAs to represent a socio-economic definition of each capital city. This means the greater capital city boundary includes people who regularly socialise, shop or work within the capital city, but live in the small towns and rural areas surrounding the capital city. It does not define the built up edge of the capital city.
This statement has been prepared based on information available on Sunday 1 February 2026. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases, the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.
Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from
all available years of record, excluding the current year. The length of record can
vary widely from site to site. Averages are not shown for sites with fewer than
10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
mean
of long-term average rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.
Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.
Information about Australian Indigenous seasonal calendars is available at the Indigenous Weather Knowledge website.
Unless otherwise noted, all maps, graphs and diagrams in this page are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
