Australia in spring 2025

In brief

• Australia's area-averaged mean temperature was 1.42 °C above the 1961–1990 average for spring, the ninth-highest on record since national observations began in 1910.

• Australia's area-averaged mean maximum temperature for spring was 1.60 °C above the 1961–1990 average.
• Mean maximum temperatures were above average across much of the mainland and average to below average for the southern mainland and Tasmania.

• Australia's area-averaged mean minimum temperature was 1.24 °C above the 1961–1990 average, the seventh-highest on record.

• Mean minimum temperatures were average or above average across most of Australia and below average for parts of the mainland's south-east and south-west.

• The national area-averaged spring rainfall total was 14% above average.

• Spring rainfall was average or above average for most of Australia and below average for parts of the south-east mainland.

Further information and tables of records for each state and Territory are available in the individual regional climate summaries, to be issued on 3 December. For discussion of events during spring, see the individual monthly climate summaries for Australia for September, October and November.

Temperatures

Australia's national area-averaged mean temperature for spring was 1.42 °C above the 1961–1990 average, the ninth-highest on record for spring since national observations began in 1910.

The national area-averaged mean temperatures for September, October and November were 1.13 °C, 2.53 °C and 0.61 °C above average respectively.

For Queensland, the area-averaged mean temperature was 2.18 °C above average, the second-highest on record for spring since 1910.

For Tasmania, the area-averaged mean temperature was 0.53 °C below average, the lowest since 2003.

Australia's area-averaged mean maximum temperature was 1.60 °C above average.

Mean maximum temperatures were above average to very much above average (in the highest 10% of all springs since 1910) for most of the mainland. Maximum temperatures were the highest on record for areas in north-eastern and southern Queensland and parts of the New South Wales coast, and many stations in these areas had their record highest mean maximum temperatures for spring.

Mean maximum temperatures were average or below average for southern parts of the mainland and Tasmania.

Area-averaged mean maximum temperature for Tasmania was 1.01 °C  below average, the lowest since 1971.

The national mean minimum temperature was 1.24 °C above the 1961–1990 average, the seventh-highest on record for spring.

Mean minimum temperatures for spring were above average to very much above average (in the highest 10% of all springs since 1910) for most of Queensland, the Northern Territory and South Australia, and large parts of Western Australia and northern and eastern New South Wales. Mean minimum temperatures were above average for parts of southern and eastern Victoria.

Mean minimum temperatures were below to very much below average for parts of central and southern New South Wales extending into northern Victoria, and for areas in the south-west of Western Australia. Mean minimum temperatures were average or below average across Tasmania.

Rank ranges from 1 (lowest) to 116 (highest). A rank marked with ’=‘ indicates the value is tied for that rank. Anomaly is the departure from the long-term (1961–1990) average.

Rainfall

The national area-averaged rainfall total was 14% above the 1961-1990 average for spring.

Nationally, September was drier than average, and October and November were wetter than average.

For Tasmania, area-averaged rainfall total for spring was the eighth-highest on record since 1900,  and the highest since 1988.

Rainfall for spring was above to very much above average (in the highest 10% of all springs since 1900) for most of Tasmania and the Northern Territory, and large parts of Western Australia and northern and western Queensland. Rainfall was above average for parts of south-eastern Queensland, western South Australia and some areas near the south-eastern coast.

Spring rainfall was below to very much below average for much of southern and eastern New South Wales and northern Victoria.

For New South Wales, area-averaged rainfall for spring was 32% below average, the lowest since 2019.

Significant weather and records

For discussion of events during spring see the individual monthly climate summaries for Australia for September, October and November.

Further information and tables of records for each state and the Northern Territory can be found in the individual regional climate summaries, to be issued on 3 December.

Rank ranges from 1 (lowest) to 126 (highest). A rank marked with ’=‘ indicates the value is tied for that rank. Departure from mean is relative to the long-term (1961–1990) average.