Remote Islands and Antarctica in autumn 2025

Australia's Indian Ocean islands

  • Autumn rainfall at Christmas Island Aero was wetter than average, the total rainfall was 1079.0 mm compared to the autumn average of 715.2 mm.
  • At Christmas Island Aero, the mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures were 0.4 and 0.5 °C warmer than the autumn average, respectively.
  • The autumn rainfall total at Cocos Island Airport was close to average, the total rainfall was 657.0 mm compared to the autumn average of 670.2 mm.
  • Both the mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures were above average at Cocos Island Airport at 0.7 and 0.4 °C, respectively. Cocos Island Airport had its equal warmest autumn day (highest daily maximum temperature) on record at 32.8 °C on 7 March.

Australia's Pacific Ocean islands

  • Autumn rainfall at Norfolk Island was above average, with a rainfall total of 508.0 mm, compared to the autumn average of 355.7 mm.
  • At Norfolk Island Aero, both the mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures were 1.4 °C above average, the station also recorded its equal warmest autumn maximum temperature on record at 24.1 °C and equal warmest autumn mean temperature on record at 21.7 °C.
  • Lord Howe Island Aero recorded a total autumn rainfall of 420.3 mm, this was close to the autumn average rainfall for the station at 422.3 mm.
  • At Lord Howe Island Aero, the mean maximum temperature was 0.9 °C above average and the mean minimum temperature was 1.1 °C above average.

Australia's Antarctic and sub-Antarctic territories

  • The strongest wind gust recorded during autumn was 161 km/h at Mawson on the morning of 27 April.
  • The mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures for autumn were below average at all Australian Antarctic stations.
  • Casey had its lowest autumn mean maximum temperature since 2000 at -9.7 °C. The average for autumn is -7.6 °C.
  • Autumn precipitation at Macquarie Island was above average, the station recorded 349.2 mm of rainfall, compared to the average for autumn at 284.9 mm.
  • At Macquarie Island, both the mean maximum and mean minimum temperatures were 0.8 °C above average.
  • The strongest wind gust recorded this autumn at Macquarie Island was 122 km/h on 11 April.

Record highest autumn temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
Autumn
Cocos Island Airport 32.8 on 7 March =32.8 on 07 Apr 2024 74 29.8



Record highest autumn mean maximum temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
Autumn
Norfolk Island Aero 24.1 =24.1 in 2016 85 22.7



Lowest autumn mean maximum temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)
Most recent
higher
Average for
Autumn
Casey -9.6 -9.7 in 2000 -7.6

note: there may be gaps in the historical record at some sites, so it is possible more recent lower values have gone unreported




Record highest autumn mean temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
Autumn
Norfolk Island Aero 21.7 =21.7 in 2016 85 20.2




Summary statistics for autumn 2025
Maximum temperatures
(°C)
Minimum temperatures
(°C)
Rainfall
(millimetres)
Mean for
Autumn
2025
Diff
from
average
Highest for
Autumn
2025
Mean for
Autumn
2025
Diff
from
average
Lowest for
Autumn
2025
Total for
Autumn
2025
Average
for
Autumn
Rank of
Autumn
2025
Fraction of
Autumn
average
Offshore Islands
Lord Howe Island Aero 24.2 +0.9 28.2 17 Mar 2025 19.3 +1.1 13.5 31 May 2025 420.3 422.3 average 100%
Norfolk Island Aero 24.1 +1.4 27.3 1 Mar 2025 19.2 +1.4 15.8 28 May 2025 508.0 355.7 high 143%
Christmas Island Aero 28.6 +0.4 30.1 6 Mar 2025 24.0 +0.5 21.5 24 Mar 2025 1079.0 715.2 high 151%
Cocos Island Airport 30.5 +0.8 32.8 7 Mar 2025 25.7 +0.4 23.3 24 May 2025 657.0 670.2 average 98%
Antarctica and Macquarie Island
Casey -9.6 -2.0 1.6 13 Mar 2025 -16.2 -1.9 -30.0 27 May 2025 77.0 64.3 average 120%
Davis -11.3 -1.7 1.8 12 Mar 2025 -17.4 -2.0 -28.9 22 May 2025 16.8 28.6 low 59%
Macquarie Island 7.8 +0.8 10.6 20 Mar 2025 4.5 +0.8 -1.7 31 May 2025 350.0 284.9 high 123%
Mawson -11.5 -0.7 -2.8 13 Mar 2025 -17.3 -0.7 -26.7 12 May 2025

Map of the areas covered by this summary

Notes

The Seasonal climate summary, usually published in the first week of the following month, lists the main features of the weather in Remote Islands and Antarctica using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated.

This statement has been prepared based on information available on Wednesday 18 June 2025. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.

In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases, the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.

Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from all available years of record, excluding the current year. The length of record can vary widely from site to site. Averages are not shown for sites with fewer than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median is sometimes more representative than the mean of long-term average rain.

The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site, based on the decile ranking (very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3, average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9 and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a percentage of the long-term mean.

Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.

Information about Australian Indigenous seasonal calendars is available at the Indigenous Weather Knowledge website.

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