Thursday, 1 September 2016 - Seasonal Climate Summary for South Australia - Product code IDCKGC23R0
South Australia in winter 2016: wetter than average
Winter was much wetter than average for most of South Australia. Minimum temperatures were warmer than average across most of the State.
A wet winter
- Wettest winter for South Australia since 2001, and the eighth-wettest winter on record
- Winter rainfall was above average across most of South Australia
- Very much above average winter rainfall fell across the Pastoral Districts
- The wet weather in South Australia continued after a much wetter than average autumn
- Winter began with a very wet June in South Australia, and while July was near average, August ended the season with a wetter than average month
- Particularly wet days on 18 June and again on 5 July gave some sites their highest winter daily rainfall on record
- A very wet June helped Whyalla and sites further north to have their wettest winter on record
Warmer than average nights
- Temperatures were above average for winter
- After some very warm winters in recent years though, daytime temperatures were the coolest for South Australia since winter 2010
- Overnight temperatures were particularly mild during winter, with the northern Pastoral Districts very much above average
- Daytime temperatures were generally close to average overall
Extreme weather in July
- Strong and damaging winds affected southern South Australia in mid-July
- A cold outbreak brought hail, sleet and snow flurries to elevated areas of the southeast in mid-July
Further information
- Media
- media@bom.gov.au (03) 9669 4057
- Enquiries
- helpdesk.climate@bom.gov.au
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Extremes in winter 2016 | |
|---|---|
| Hottest day |
30.1 °C at Coober Pedy Airport on 18 Aug |
| Warmest days on average |
20.2 °C at Oodnadatta Airport |
| Coolest days on average |
10.4 °C at Mount Lofty |
| Coldest day |
4.6 °C at Mount Lofty on 12 Jul |
| Coldest night |
-5.0 °C at Yunta Airstrip on 16 Jul |
| Coolest nights on average |
4.2 °C at Hawker |
| Warmest nights on average |
11.8 °C at Neptune Island |
| Warmest night |
16.9 °C at Oodnadatta Airport on 29 Aug |
| Warmest on average overall |
14.2 °C at Moomba Airport |
| Coolest on average overall |
8.0 °C at Mount Lofty |
| Wettest overall |
600.0 mm at Uraidla |
| Driest overall |
49.0 mm at Yunta Airstrip |
| Wettest day |
99.0 mm at Whyalla (Mullaquana) on 18 Jun |
| Strongest wind gust |
139 km/h at Cape Willoughby on 12 Jul 139 km/h at Neptune Island on 12 Jul |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Maps | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Observed | Anomaly | Decile rank | |
| Total rainfall |
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| Mean daily maximum temperatures |
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| Mean daily minimum temperatures |
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Click on a map to show it full size in a pop-up window
| Record highest winter daily rainfall | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (mm) |
Old record |
Years of record |
||||
| Marrabel | 49.0 | on 5 Jul | 43.4 | on 27 Aug 1970 | 133 | |
| Happy Valley Reservoir | 62.6 | on 5 Jul | 56.9 | on 1 Jun 1920 | 125 | |
| Marree (Witchelina Station) | 38.0 | on 30 Aug | 34.0 | on 29 Aug 1992 | 106 | |
| Finniss | 48.6 | on 5 Jul | 43.2 | on 14 Jun 1898 | 103 | |
| Whyalla (Mullaquana) | 99.0 | on 18 Jun | 45.7 | on 18 Jul 1916 | 99 | |
| Whyalla (Broadview Station) | 45.4 | on 18 Jun | 41.4 | on 27 Aug 1973 | 76 | |
| Mount Gambier Aero | 50.0 | on 23 Jun | 48.0 | on 5 Aug 1990 | 75 | |
| Stockport (Clifton) | 47.8 | on 5 Jul | 38.6 | on 27 Jun 1990 | 58 | |
| Petersville | 36.4 | on 1 Aug | 33.6 | on 7 Jun 1994 | 52 | |
| Riverton (Leeward) | 45.4 | on 5 Jul | 39.4 | on 8 Jul 1993 | 48 | |
| Reeves Plains (Parana Park) | 37.0 | on 5 Jul | 30.4 | on 27 Jun 1978 | 43 | |
| Victor Harbor (Berrima) | 95.4 | on 6 Jul | 63.6 | on 4 Jun 1978 | 42 | |
| Burnside | 55.6 | on 5 Jul | 47.5 | on 22 Jun 1908 | 38 | |
| Leigh Creek Airport | 39.8 | on 30 Aug | 35.6 | on 1 Jun 2013 | 32 | |
| Clare High School | 37.6 | on 5 Jul | 37.2 | on 1 Jun 2013 | 23 | |
| McLaren Vale (Pirramimma Winery) | 46.4 | on 5 Jul | 37.8 | on 21 Jun 2012 | 23 | |
| Parawa (Second Valley Forest AWS) | 69.8 | on 5 Jul | 51.0 | on 19 Jul 1999 | 23 | |
| Strathalbyn Racecourse | 35.6 | on 5 Jul | 28.6 | on 25 Aug 2009 | 21 | |
| Roseworthy AWS | 33.2 | on 5 Jul | 29.8 | on 21 Jun 2005 | 20 | |
| Record highest winter total rainfall | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (mm) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for winter |
||
| Whyalla (Mullaquana) | 201.2 | 172.4 | in 1916 | 98 | 70.9 |
| Beltana Roadhouse | 115.2 | 97.0 | in 1991 | 31 | 52.3 |
| Leigh Creek Airport | 127.2 | 98.8 | in 2001 | 30 | 51.4 |
| Highest winter total rainfall for at least 20 years | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Observed (mm) |
Most recent higher |
Average for winter |
|||
| Curnomona (Curnamona) | 87.6 | 134.5 | in 1973 | 41.4 | |
| Parachilna (Motpena) | 105.4 | 149.1 | in 1973* | 54.9 | |
| Marree (Farina) | 108.2 | 114.3 | in 1978 | 36.2 | |
| Marree (Witchelina Station) | 102.8 | 134.3 | in 1973* | 32.8 | |
| Woomera (Pernatty Station) | 119.8 | 127.3 | in 1973* | 42.8 | |
| Tarcoola (Commonwealth Hill) | 89.8 | 99.6 | in 1979 | 39.1 | |
| Cherry Gardens | 561.5 | 649.7 | in 1981* | 379.7 | |
| Stockport (Clifton) | 264.6 | 271.2 | in 1981* | 162.5 | |
| Maitland | 270.8 | 296.9 | in 1963* | 196.9 | |
| Woomera Aerodrome | 92.2 | 100.6 | in 1986 | 44.5 | |
| Clarendon | 459.8 | 478.2 | in 1986* | 331.8 | |
| Tarlee | 266.7 | 273.5 | in 1989* | 167.3 | |
| Arkaroola | 75.8 | 95.4 | in 1993 | 45.0 | |
| Blanchetown Lock 1 | 112.2 | 153.2 | in 1996 | 82.1 | |
| Happy Valley Reservoir | 363.4 | 448.6 | in 1996 | 250.7 | |
| Huddleston (Willow Ponds) | 197.6 | 212.3 | in 1996 | 153.9 | |
* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a higher value has gone unreported.
| Record lowest winter daily maximum temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for winter |
|||
| Kingscote Aero | 9.3 | on 12 Jul | 10.7 | on 28 Jul 1998 | 23 | 15.9 |
| Record lowest winter temperature | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for winter |
|||
| North Shields (Port Lincoln AWS) | -0.3 | on 16 Jul | 1.3 | on 3 Aug 1999 | 25 | 7.8 |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
| Summary statistics for winter 2016 | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maximum temperatures (°C) |
Minimum temperatures (°C) |
Rainfall (millimetres) |
||||||||||
| Mean for winter 2016 |
Diff from average |
Highest for winter 2016 |
Mean for winter 2016 |
Diff from average |
Lowest for winter 2016 |
Total for winter 2016 |
Average for winter |
Rank of winter 2016 |
Fraction of winter average |
|||
| Northwest (district 16) | ||||||||||||
| Andamooka | 19.1 | -0.1 | 27.3 | 17 Aug | 7.5 | +0.8 | 0.5 | 17 Jul | 66.0 | 41.3 | high | 160% |
| Coober Pedy Airport | 18.8 | -0.5 | 30.1 | 18 Aug | 7.5 | +0.5 | 1.5 | 17 Jul | 61.8 | 24.8 | high | 249% |
| Ernabella (Pukatja) | 18.0 | -1.0 | 27.2 | 18 Aug | 6.4 | +1.4 | -0.6 | 26 Jul | 123.6 | 40.0 | high | 309% |
| Roxby Downs (Olympic Dam Aerodrome) | 18.9 | -0.4 | 27.7 | 18 Aug | 6.0 | +1.1 | -2.0 | 15 Jul | 63.6 | 34.0 | high | 187% |
| Tarcoola Aero | 19.0 | -0.6 | 29.2 | 18 Aug | 6.1 | +0.9 | -1.4 | 16 Jul | 76.4 | 38.8 | high | 197% |
| Woomera Aerodrome | 18.1 | +0.4 | 27.5 | 18 Aug | 7.3 | +0.9 | 1.6 | 16 Jul | 92.2 | 44.5 | v high | 207% |
| Far North (district 17) | ||||||||||||
| Arkaroola | 17.1 | -0.4 | 26.3 | 17 Aug | 4.8 | +0.7 | -2.6 | 15 Jul | 75.8 | 45.0 | high | 168% |
| Leigh Creek Airport | 17.5 | -0.1 | 26.0 | 17 Aug | 6.4 | +1.0 | -1.1 | 15 Jul | 127.2 | 51.4 | highest | 247% |
| Marree Aero | 19.8 | -0.4 | 28.2 | 17 Aug | 6.6 | +0.8 | -0.2 | 16 Jul | 68.4 | 24.5 | high | 279% |
| Moomba Airport | 20.1 | -0.6 | 29.6 | 22 Jul | 8.4 | +1.2 | 2.8 | 7 Jul | 37.4 | 30.2 | high | 124% |
| Oodnadatta Airport | 20.2 | -0.4 | 29.8 | 18 Aug | 7.8 | +1.2 | 0.0 | 16 Jul | 84.2 | 30.0 | v high | 281% |
| Western Agricultural (district 18) | ||||||||||||
| Ceduna AMO | 18.0 | -0.1 | 28.5 | 21 Jul | 6.1 | 0.0 | -1.2 | 16 Jul | 129.0 | 109.6 | high | 118% |
| Cleve | 16.1 | +0.1 | 24.0 | 18 Aug | 7.8 | +0.3 | 3.2 | 14 Jul | 197.2 | 142.0 | high | 139% |
| Cleve Aerodrome | 15.8 | -0.3 | 23.9 | 18 Aug | 7.4 | -0.3 | 1.4 | 24 Aug | 174.2 | 131.7 | v high | 132% |
| Coulta (Coles Point) | 16.1 | 0.0 | 22.9 | 21 Jul | 7.6 | -0.2 | 1.7 | 16 Jul | 206.2 | 154.1 | high | 134% |
| Cummins Aero | 16.1 | 23.1 | 21 Jul | 5.5 | -0.2 | 6 Jul | 196.6 | 185.1 | average | 106% | ||
| Elliston | 17.0 | +0.1 | 24.9 | 29 Aug | 8.6 | +0.4 | 2.1 | 16 Jul | ||||
| Kimba | 16.0 | -0.2 | 23.5 | 21 Jul | 6.0 | +0.5 | 0.0 | 16 Jul | 160.4 | 124.2 | high | 129% |
| Kyancutta | 18.1 | +0.2 | 26.5 | 21 Jul | 5.3 | +0.3 | -2.6 | 26 Aug | 111.1 | 117.8 | average | 94% |
| Minnipa Pirsa | 16.5 | -0.4 | 25.4 | 21 Jul | 7.0 | +0.1 | 1.0 | 6 Jul | 140.6 | 110.8 | high | 127% |
| Neptune Island | 15.6 | +0.1 | 19.6 | 21 Jul | 11.8 | +0.2 | 5.0 | 13 Jul | 219.0 | 206.2 | average | 106% |
| North Shields (Port Lincoln AWS) | 16.5 | -0.1 | 24.1 | 21 Jul | 7.5 | -0.3 | -0.3 | 16 Jul | 180.0 | 168.5 | average | 107% |
| Nullarbor | 18.2 | -0.7 | 27.2 | 7 Aug | 6.3 | +0.5 | 0.3 | 16 Jul | 119.8 | 82.4 | high | 145% |
| Port Augusta Aero | 18.3 | -0.3 | 28.0 | 18 Aug | 5.8 | +0.4 | -2.3 | 16 Jul | 83.0 | 59.8 | high | 139% |
| Streaky Bay | 17.3 | +0.2 | 22.2 | 29 Aug | 9.1 | +0.3 | 3.8 | 25 Aug | 159.4 | 172.9 | average | 92% |
| Whyalla Aero | 17.6 | +0.1 | 27.3 | 18 Aug | 6.2 | +0.5 | -1.0 | 15 Jul | 113.4 | 72.8 | v high | 156% |
| Wudinna Aero | 17.4 | -0.2 | 25.5 | 21 Jul | -2.0 | 26 Aug | 100.6 | 106.6 | average | 94% | ||
| Upper North (district 19) | ||||||||||||
| Hawker | 16.2 | -0.5 | 25.0 | 18 Aug | 4.2 | +0.1 | -3.5 | 15 Jul | 131.4 | 103.5 | high | 127% |
| Yongala | 13.6 | 0.0 | 22.0 | 18 Aug | -2.4 | 14 Aug | ||||||
| Northeast (district 20) | ||||||||||||
| Gluepot Reserve (Gluepot) | 17.5 | -0.2 | 26.6 | 18 Aug | 4.4 | +0.3 | -4.0 | 16 Jul | 85.8 | 65.5 | high | 131% |
| Yunta Airstrip | 16.2 | -0.1 | 25.6 | 17 Aug | 4.3 | +0.7 | -5.0 | 16 Jul | 49.0 | 45.5 | average | 108% |
| Lower North (district 21) | ||||||||||||
| Clare High School | 13.6 | +0.1 | 21.8 | 18 Aug | 5.1 | +0.6 | -2.0 | 15 Jul | 278.2 | 202.9 | high | 137% |
| Port Pirie Aerodrome AWS | 17.2 | 25.5 | 18 Aug | 6.6 | -0.7 | 16 Jul | 155.8 | |||||
| Snowtown (Rayville Park) | 15.9 | -0.2 | 23.2 | 18 Aug | 5.4 | +0.5 | -1.5 | 15 Jul | 221.4 | 139.9 | high | 158% |
| Yorke Peninsula (district 22A) | ||||||||||||
| Edithburgh | 16.0 | +0.4 | 23.0 | 21 Jul | 8.1 | +0.2 | 1.6 | 17 Jul | 169.6 | 153.3 | average | 111% |
| Kadina AWS | 16.2 | +0.1 | 22.4 | 21 Jul | 6.2 | +1.0 | -1.7 | 16 Jul | 157.6 | 111.3 | high | 142% |
| Maitland | 15.8 | +0.7 | 21.8 | 22 Jul | 7.2 | -0.2 | 3.9 | 25 Aug | 270.8 | 196.9 | v high | 138% |
| Minlaton Aero | 16.1 | +0.1 | 22.9 | 18 Aug | 7.4 | +0.2 | 2.3 | 25 Aug | 146.8 | 145.0 | average | 101% |
| Stenhouse Bay | 16.1 | +0.1 | 21.8 | 21 Jul | 9.5 | -0.1 | 4.1 | 16 Jul | 190.2 | 197.9 | average | 96% |
| Warooka | 15.9 | +0.4 | 20.2 | 17 Aug | 8.4 | +0.4 | 4.2 | 16 Jul | 160.6 | 189.3 | low | 85% |
| Kangaroo Island (district 22B) | ||||||||||||
| Cape Borda | 14.6 | 0.0 | 18.0 | 18 Aug | 9.3 | -0.1 | 4.8 | 13 Jul | 284.9 | 251.5 | average | 113% |
| Cape Willoughby | 14.8 | +0.3 | 18.7 | 18 Aug | 10.3 | +0.2 | 5.3 | 13 Jul | 257.4 | 230.8 | average | 112% |
| Kingscote Aero | 15.8 | -0.1 | 20.3 | 21 Jul | 6.1 | -0.1 | -0.9 | 16 Jul | 245.8 | 189.8 | high | 130% |
| Parndana Cfs AWS | 14.2 | 18.3 | 21 Jul | 7.1 | 2.2 | 25 Jun | 292.4 | |||||
| Adelaide Plains (district 23A) | ||||||||||||
| Adelaide (Kent Town) | 16.3 | +0.3 | 24.7 | 18 Aug | 8.2 | +0.2 | 2.0 | 16 Jul | 266.0 | 223.4 | high | 119% |
| Adelaide Airport | 16.1 | +0.5 | 25.4 | 18 Aug | 8.5 | +1.1 | 2.3 | 6 Aug | 211.4 | 166.2 | high | 127% |
| Edinburgh RAAF | 16.1 | +0.2 | 24.6 | 18 Aug | 7.0 | +0.6 | 1.8 | 16 Jul | 200.2 | 157.8 | high | 127% |
| Parafield Airport | 16.3 | +0.6 | 24.9 | 18 Aug | 7.0 | +0.3 | -0.2 | 16 Jul | 205.8 | 166.8 | high | 123% |
| Roseworthy AWS | 15.9 | -0.1 | 23.1 | 18 Aug | 6.6 | +0.8 | -0.2 | 25 Aug | 201.8 | 136.3 | v high | 148% |
| County Light (district 23B) | ||||||||||||
| Nuriootpa Pirsa | 14.2 | +0.1 | 23.0 | 18 Aug | 5.3 | +0.4 | -1.8 | 16 Jul | 239.4 | 170.8 | high | 140% |
| Rosedale (Turretfield Research Centre) | 15.7 | +0.3 | 24.6 | 18 Aug | 6.1 | +0.3 | -0.1 | 25 Aug | 211.4 | 173.8 | high | 122% |
| Mount Lofty Ranges (district 23C) | ||||||||||||
| Hindmarsh Island AWS | 16.1 | +0.3 | 25.2 | 18 Aug | 8.3 | 0.0 | 2.3 | 13 Jun | 147.0 | 156.8 | average | 94% |
| Kuitpo Forest Reserve | 13.2 | +0.3 | 21.5 | 18 Aug | 7.2 | +0.2 | 2.3 | 13 Jun | 426.2 | 311.8 | high | 137% |
| Mount Barker | 14.8 | +1.2 | 23.0 | 18 Aug | 6.0 | +1.1 | 0.0 | 25 Aug | 374.2 | 309.4 | high | 121% |
| Mount Crawford AWS | 11.7 | +0.1 | 20.4 | 18 Aug | 6.3 | +0.2 | 1.1 | 13 Jul | 311.0 | 264.9 | average | 117% |
| Mount Lofty | 10.4 | +1.2 | 18.6 | 18 Aug | 5.5 | +0.3 | 0.6 | 5 Jul | 506.2 | |||
| Noarlunga | 15.6 | +0.2 | 23.3 | 18 Aug | 9.2 | +0.3 | 4.0 | 17 Jul | 264.8 | 182.5 | v high | 145% |
| Parawa (Second Valley Forest AWS) | 12.4 | +0.3 | 18.7 | 21 Jul | 7.5 | +0.3 | 3.1 | 13 Jul | 462.0 | 355.7 | high | 130% |
| Victor Harbor (Encounter Bay) | 16.1 | +0.1 | 23.9 | 18 Aug | 6.7 | -0.3 | -1.0 | 17 Jul | 271.2 | 234.8 | average | 116% |
| Upper Murray Valley (district 24A) | ||||||||||||
| Loxton Research Centre | 16.9 | +0.3 | 26.3 | 18 Aug | 5.2 | +0.8 | -2.1 | 13 Jun | 81.7 | 80.0 | average | 102% |
| Renmark Aero | 17.2 | 0.0 | 27.0 | 18 Aug | 4.8 | +0.5 | -3.8 | 13 Jun | 59.0 | 62.3 | average | 95% |
| Lower Murray Valley (district 24B) | ||||||||||||
| Eudunda | 13.7 | 0.0 | 22.7 | 18 Aug | 5.5 | +0.2 | 0.3 | 16 Jul | 174.4 | 159.0 | average | 110% |
| Meningie | 15.9 | +0.4 | 22.6 | 18 Aug | 7.5 | +0.5 | 0.6 | 17 Jul | 206.8 | 181.2 | high | 114% |
| Murray Bridge (Pallamana Aerodrome) | 16.3 | +0.1 | 25.4 | 18 Aug | 5.4 | +0.6 | -1.8 | 27 Aug | 120.4 | 97.8 | average | 123% |
| Strathalbyn Racecourse | 15.8 | +0.2 | 24.2 | 18 Aug | 7.2 | +0.3 | 0.4 | 16 Jul | 220.6 | 156.6 | high | 141% |
| Murray Mallee (district 25A) | ||||||||||||
| Karoonda | 16.2 | -0.1 | 25.7 | 18 Aug | 5.3 | +0.2 | 0.0 | 16 Jul | 158.6 | 108.8 | v high | 146% |
| Upper Southeast (district 25B) | ||||||||||||
| Keith | 15.7 | +0.1 | 25.4 | 18 Aug | 6.5 | +0.7 | 0.0 | 25 Aug | 204.7 | 165.7 | high | 124% |
| Keith (Munkora) | 15.4 | -0.1 | 24.4 | 18 Aug | 5.7 | +0.7 | -1.6 | 25 Aug | 179.6 | 158.3 | average | 113% |
| Lameroo (Austin Plains) | 15.2 | -0.3 | 24.5 | 18 Aug | 5.2 | +0.6 | -0.5 | 25 Aug | 101.6 | 92.9 | average | 109% |
| Lower Southeast (district 26) | ||||||||||||
| Cape Jaffa (The Limestone) | 14.7 | +0.3 | 20.2 | 28 Aug | 8.2 | +0.4 | 2.3 | 4 Jun | 302.8 | 219.2 | high | 138% |
| Coonawarra | 14.4 | 0.0 | 23.7 | 18 Aug | 6.0 | +0.7 | -0.2 | 19 Jun | ||||
| Mount Gambier Aero | 14.0 | +0.3 | 23.3 | 18 Aug | 6.0 | +0.5 | 0.2 | 23 Aug | 397.0 | 280.2 | v high | 142% |
| Naracoorte Aerodrome | 14.5 | -0.3 | 23.8 | 18 Aug | 6.0 | +0.6 | -0.6 | 24 Aug | 272.4 | 189.3 | high | 144% |
| Padthaway South | 14.9 | 0.0 | 24.4 | 18 Aug | 6.1 | +0.4 | -0.9 | 16 Jul | 197.8 | 187.4 | average | 106% |
| Robe Airfield | 15.1 | 0.0 | 22.8 | 18 Aug | 7.1 | +0.2 | 0.1 | 15 Jun | 403.0 | 275.0 | v high | 147% |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
Notes
The Seasonal climate summary lists the main features of the weather in South Australia using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. Later information, including data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review.
A climate summary is generally published on the first working day of each month.
This statement has been prepared based on information available at 10 am on Thursday 1 September 2016. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from
all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site.
They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
mean
of long-term average rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.
The ACORN-SAT dataset is used for temperature area averages.
Further information
- Media
- media@bom.gov.au (03) 9669 4057
- Enquiries
- helpdesk.climate@bom.gov.au
Unless otherwise noted, all maps, graphs and diagrams in this page are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence
