South Australia in October 2016: Wet and windy about southern districts, cooler nights for most of the State

South Australia as a whole had below average October rainfall, although some coastal locations saw above average rainfall as strong and vigorous cold fronts brought periods of heavy rain. Both maximum and minimum temperatures were generally below average, with very much below average overnight temperatures across eastern districts.

Above average rainfall on southern coasts, below average in the pastoral areas

  • Wet conditions observed through September continued in October about southern districts, with particularly heavy rain days in the first and third weeks of the month
  • A vigorous westerly airstream with an embedded front brought squally showers and thunderstorms to the southern agricultural areas on the 4th
  • Statewide rainfall was 36% below average, but still the wettest October since 2011
  • Vigorous cold fronts that crossed the southern parts of State on the 16th and 21st brought further periods of heavy rainfall with daily totals mostly between 10 and 30 mm
  • Mount Pleasant reported its wettest October with 152.2 mm for the month, with a few other sites having their wettest October for several decades

Cooler than average days and nights

  • Mean maximum temperatures were cooler than average throughout much of South Australia, particularly across the far north and eastern districts where days were 1 to 2 °C cooler than average.
  • Overnight temperatures were below average throughout much of South Australia, excluding parts of the far western agricultural areas where night time temperatures were closer to average
  • For the State as a whole, maximum temperatures were 0.31°C below the average (lowest since 2010), while minimum temperatures were 0.80°C below the average (lowest since 2003); this is in marked contrast to record warm October 2015

Strong and squally winds at times

  • Southern coasts and elevated regions across the agricultural area experienced persistent and strong westerly winds on many days during the month, which intensified when squally and vigorous cold fronts crossed the State
  • The strongest wind gust was 113 km/h, recorded on the 4th on Neptune Island

Further information

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Extremes in October 2016
Hottest day 41.4 °C at Ceduna AMO on the 29th
Warmest days on average 29.9 °C at Oodnadatta Airport
Coolest days on average 15.0 °C at Mount Lofty
Coldest day 7.8 °C at Mount Lofty on the 16th
Coldest night -1.3 °C at Yongala on the 19th
Coolest nights on average 5.5 °C at Yongala
Warmest nights on average 14.1 °C at Oodnadatta Airport
Warmest night 24.5 °C at Marree Aero on the 30th
Warmest on average overall 22.0 °C at Oodnadatta Airport
Coolest on average overall 10.5 °C at Mount Lofty
Wettest overall 189.4 mm at Aldgate
Wettest day47.0 mm at Lobethal on the 4th
Strongest wind gust 113 km/h at Neptune Island on the 4th

Maps
ObservedAnomalyDecile rank
Total
rainfall
Map of Rainfall totals Map of Percentage of normal rainfall Map of Rainfall deciles
Mean
daily
maximum
temperatures
Map of Mean maximum temperature Map of Anomaly in mean maximum temperature Map of Decile rank of mean maximum temperature
Mean
daily
minimum
temperatures
Map of Mean minimum temperature Map of Anomaly in mean minimum temperature Map of Decile rank of mean minimum temperature

Click on a map to show it full size in a pop-up window


Record highest October total rainfall
New record
(mm)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
October
Mount Pleasant 154.8 147.0 in 1975 142 57.0

Highest October total rainfall for at least 20 years
Observed
(mm)
Most recent
higher
Average for
October
Spalding 98.9 141.2 in 1975 42.2
Hahndorf 150.1 153.8 in 1974* 72.4
Prospect Hill 146.2 182.6 in 1975* 66.3
Lucindale Post Office 85.0 94.0 in 1986 48.6
Woodside 125.4 135.1 in 1975* 67.5

* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a higher value has gone unreported.




Record lowest October mean daily minimum temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
October
Moomba Airport 12.9 13.8 in 2001 21 15.8

The record at the previous site at Moomba, which ran from 1973 until 1998, was a cooler 12.1 °C in October 1986


Summary statistics for October 2016
Maximum temperatures
(°C)
Minimum temperatures
(°C)
Rainfall
(millimetres)
Mean for
October
2016
Diff
from
average
Highest for
October
2016
Mean for
October
2016
Diff
from
average
Lowest for
October
2016
Total for
October
2016
Average
for
October
Rank of
October
2016
Fraction of
October
average
Northwest (district 16)
Andamooka 27.4 -0.9 40.4 9th 12.2 -1.4 5.8 1st 4.2 18.0 average 23%
Coober Pedy Airport 28.2 -0.7 40.1 8th 12.7 -1.5 5.6 17th 1.6 10.8 average 15%
Ernabella (Pukatja) 27.0 -2.3 36.4 9th 12.0 -2.3 4.2 4th 21.0 22.3 average 94%
Mount Ive 25.2   35.0 29th 9.4   1.5 19th 17.9 22.1 average 81%
Roxby Downs (Olympic Dam Aerodrome) 27.6 -1.0 40.3 9th 11.0 -1.7 2.9 1st 1.2 11.7 average 10%
Tarcoola Aero 27.6 -0.9 39.5 8th 11.1 -0.9 3.5 11th 30.4 16.1 high 189%
Woomera Aerodrome 26.3 -0.1 38.7 9th 11.3 -1.2 5.4 1st 11.0 15.1 average 73%
Far North (district 17)
Arkaroola 25.6 -1.3 36.2 9th 9.6 -2.1 2.1 23rd 5.6 18.6 average 30%
Leigh Creek Airport 26.2 -0.9 37.3 9th 10.7 -1.9 3.3 1st 1.4 16.6 low 8%
Marree Aero 28.4 -1.8 38.4 9th 11.8 -2.3 5.6 1st 0 9.7 v low 0%
Moomba Airport 28.8 -2.1 37.0 26th 12.9 -2.9 7.3 1st 0.6 8.9 average 7%
Oodnadatta Airport 29.9 -0.6 41.3 9th 14.1 -1.1 8.2 4th 0.4 13.1 low 3%
Western Agricultural (district 18)
Ceduna AMO 25.1 +1.2 41.4 29th 10.2 +0.2 2.6 19th 16.0 24.6 average 65%
Cleve 21.4 -1.0 32.6 29th 9.5 -0.7 3.8 19th 32.9 35.8 average 92%
Cleve Aerodrome 21.3 -1.9 32.8 29th 8.7 -1.2 1.6 19th 27.2 27.9 average 97%
Coulta (Coles Point) 21.0 -0.2 34.4 29th 9.3 -0.9 3.2 28th 33.4 23.6 average 142%
Cummins Aero 21.1   33.3 29th 7.2   0.1 22nd 34.4 19.7 high 175%
Elliston 21.9 +0.2 36.1 29th 11.1 -0.1 3.7 19th 28.4 29.7 average 96%
Kyancutta 25.3 -0.1 35.8 29th 7.9 -0.4 0.8 19th 22.3 25.7 average 87%
Minnipa Pirsa 23.9 -1.5 35.5 29th 8.8 -1.4 2.8 19th 24.0 20.4 average 118%
North Shields (Port Lincoln AWS) 20.3 -0.6 33.6 20th 8.5 -1.1 4.2 1st 36.8 24.8 high 148%
Nullarbor 25.4 +0.8 40.5 29th 9.4 -1.0 2.6 31st 10.0 17.7 average 56%
Port Augusta Aero 25.7 -1.5 37.8 9th 10.1 -1.7 3.4 5th 11.2 16.1 average 70%
Streaky Bay 22.6 -0.3 33.2 6th 11.1 -0.3 5.0 23rd 31.5 25.9 high 122%
Whyalla Aero 24.0 -0.1 35.0 9th 9.6 -1.1 2.7 19th 11.8 22.8 average 52%
Wudinna Aero 24.9 -1.2 35.8 29th 7.5 -1.2 0.1 19th 17.6 19.1 average 92%
Upper North (district 19)
Hawker 25.1 -0.9 37.5 9th     0.5 5th 10.4 24.2 average 43%
Yongala 19.5 -2.4 29.5 9th 5.5 -0.6 -1.3 19th 22.2 33.1 average 67%
Northeast (district 20)
Gluepot Reserve (Gluepot) 23.9 -2.0 36.7 9th 8.0 -0.8 0.1 23rd 13.1 21.7 average 60%
Yunta Airstrip 23.5 -1.9 36.9 9th 8.0 -1.3 0.7 23rd 8.4 18.0 average 47%
Lower North (district 21)
Clare High School 18.9 -2.2 28.2 29th 6.8 -1.1 0.2 19th 38.8 45.3 average 86%
Port Pirie Aerodrome AWS 23.4   32.9 29th 8.9   1.0 22nd 31.6
Snowtown (Rayville Park) 21.2 -3.4 30.5 29th 6.6 -0.4 -0.3 23rd 34.6 27.2 average 127%
Yorke Peninsula (district 22A)
Edithburgh 19.8 -0.6 29.9 20th 9.8 -1.0 3.5 19th 49.2 27.6 high 178%
Kadina AWS 21.0 -3.5 31.5 25th 7.5 -0.6     35.6 21.8 average 163%
Minlaton Aero 21.5 -1.1 32.5 29th 8.8 -0.5 1.7 19th 30.4 23.6 average 129%
Stenhouse Bay 19.5 -0.6 31.2 20th 10.6 -1.1 7.3 24th 43.8 28.6 high 153%
Warooka 19.5 -1.2 27.8 29th 9.5 -0.6 5.0 19th 39.2 35.0 average 112%
Kangaroo Island (district 22B)
Cape Borda 16.7 -1.4 23.7 20th 9.0 -1.1 5.3 22nd 53.6 31.0 high 173%
Cape Willoughby 17.5 -0.2 24.0 29th 10.7 -0.8 7.1 19th 42.4 41.4 average 102%
Kingscote Aero 19.4 -0.8 27.8 20th 7.1 0.0 1.8 19th 39.6 29.4 average 135%
Parndana Cfs AWS 17.3   25.4 20th 7.5   2.3 19th 39.6
Adelaide Plains (district 23A)
Adelaide (Kent Town) 21.0 -1.1 30.8 20th 10.6 -0.9 4.9 19th 81.0 42.0 v high 193%
Adelaide Airport 20.3 -0.8 31.1 20th 10.5 -0.2 5.6 24th 51.8 36.4 high 142%
Edinburgh RAAF 20.5 -1.8 30.3 20th 9.4 -0.7 3.3 23rd 54.6 37.5 high 146%
Parafield Airport 21.1 -0.9 30.7 20th 9.4 -0.8 3.3 19th 52.0 40.5 high 128%
County Light (district 23B)
Nuriootpa Pirsa 19.1 -2.3 28.0 9th 7.2 -1.0 0.4 22nd 43.2 35.0 average 123%
Rosedale (Turretfield Research Centre) 20.4 -1.7 29.2 29th 6.9 -1.4 0.0 23rd 54.8 43.3 average 127%
Mount Lofty Ranges (district 23C)
Hindmarsh Island AWS 19.7 -1.5 29.7 20th 10.2 -0.7 6.8 19th 41.8 27.2 high 154%
Kuitpo Forest Reserve 17.7 -1.1 26.6 20th 8.0 -1.2 3.5 22nd 105.4 52.7 v high 200%
Mount Barker 19.4 -0.1 27.1 29th 7.5 +0.3 1.5 19th 126.2 66.1 v high 191%
Mount Crawford AWS 16.8 -1.4 24.7 29th 7.0 -1.5 2.3 23rd 79.6 46.6 high 171%
Mount Lofty 15.0 +0.4 23.8 29th 6.0 -1.3 2.1 23rd 174.2
Noarlunga 19.9 -1.5 29.4 20th 10.4 -1.2 5.3 19th 65.8 33.0 high 199%
Parawa (Second Valley Forest AWS) 16.1 -0.7 24.8 29th 8.0 -1.0 4.8 13th 112.8 60.2 high 187%
Victor Harbor (Encounter Bay) 20.1 -0.5 29.0 29th 8.4 -0.6 2.9 24th 80.0 38.4 high 208%
Upper Murray Valley (district 24A)
Loxton Research Centre 23.2 -1.2 35.1 9th 8.1 -0.3 2.0 14th 15.0 24.3 average 62%
Renmark Aero 23.4 -2.1 35.7 9th 8.3 -0.7 1.2 14th 28.4 24.8 average 115%
Lower Murray Valley (district 24B)
Eudunda 19.1 -1.8 27.8 29th 6.6 -1.5 1.7 22nd 33.0 39.7 average 83%
Meningie 19.3 -1.4 27.8 29th 10.0 +0.5 5.1 14th 50.8 38.6 high 132%
Murray Bridge (Pallamana Aerodrome) 21.2 -3.1 31.1 20th 6.8 -0.7 -0.6 24th 23.8 17.1 high 139%
Strathalbyn Racecourse 19.9 -1.6 29.2 9th 8.6 -0.3 3.4 19th 54.2 34.0 high 159%
Murray Mallee (district 25A)
Karoonda 21.4 -2.7 30.8 20th 6.6 -1.7 0.6 31st 36.6 31.9 average 115%
Upper Southeast (district 25B)
Keith 20.1 -1.6 28.8 29th 7.7 -0.5 1.5 23rd 64.2 41.4 high 155%
Keith (Munkora) 19.7 -3.1 27.5 29th 6.0 +0.1 -0.9 23rd 64.6 27.4 high 236%
Lameroo (Austin Plains) 20.5 -3.9 29.2 29th 6.3 -1.1 1.3 23rd 28.0 18.5 high 151%
Lower Southeast (district 26)
Cape Jaffa (The Limestone) 17.1 -1.6 25.9 29th 8.7 -0.5 3.0 24th 60.8 32.5 high 187%
Coonawarra 18.2 -1.4 27.1 6th 6.7 -0.6 0.4 24th 88.4 45.8 v high 193%
Mount Gambier Aero 17.4 -0.6 26.0 6th 7.2 +0.1 1.2 24th 59.4 60.5 average 98%
Naracoorte Aerodrome 18.4 -2.4 27.1 6th 7.2 +0.4 1.2 13th 94.8 37.2 v high 255%
Padthaway South 18.7 -2.3 27.7 6th 6.8 -0.9 0.6 23rd 94.2 37.2 v high 253%
Robe Airfield 17.5 -1.5 25.7 20th 8.6 +0.1 2.1 28th 58.2 33.4 high 174%

Notes

The Monthly climate summary lists the main features of the weather in South Australia using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. Later information, including data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review.

A climate summary is generally published on the first working day of each month.

This statement has been prepared based on information available at 11 am on Tuesday 1 November 2016. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.

Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site. They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median is sometimes more representative than the mean of long-term average rain.

The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site, based on the decile ranking (very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3, average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9 and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a percentage of the long-term mean.

The ACORN-SAT dataset is used for temperature area averages.

Further information

Media
(03) 9669 4057
Enquiries

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