Victoria in autumn 2021: below average rainfall; coolest nights since 2015

Rainfall totals for autumn were below to very much below average across much of western Victoria, with the north-west of the state receiving less than 40% of its autumn mean rainfall. It was also drier than average in most of the Northeast district, but wetter than average in Gippsland. Daytime temperatures were close to average across Victoria, while night-time temperatures were cooler than average across much of the state's north, and warmer than average along parts of the coast.

Below average rainfall

  • Rainfall totals for autumn were below to very much below average across large parts of western Victoria, with Mallee receiving less than 40% of its autumn mean.
  • It was also drier than average in most of the Northeast district, but wetter than average in Gippsland.
  • Averaged across the state, rainfall was 23% below the autumn average of 159 mm.
  • The season began with a wetter than average March, followed by a much drier than average April; May brought some heavy falls, but for the state overall, it was drier than average.
  • Balook (in South Gippsland) was the wettest place in Victoria this autumn recording 541.8 mm this season.
  • The highest daily rainfall total, 170 mm, was recorded at Madalya to 9am on 24 March, when a low pressure system brought falls of more than 100 mm to parts of Gippsland.
  • Some sites had their highest autumn daily rainfall on record.
  • Orbost had its highest total autumn rainfall on record, while East Sale, Darriman and Giffard had their highest total autumn rainfall in more than three decades.
  • Despite a wetter than average January, Victoria's year-to-date rainfall was 3% below average, due to a much drier than average April.

Coolest autumn nights since 2015

  • Night-time temperatures were cooler than average in Victoria's north-west, and warmer than average along parts of the coast.
  • Averaged across the state, the mean minimum temperature was 0.35 °C below the autumn mean, the lowest since 2015.
  • Some sites had their lowest autumn temperature on record on the last three days of the season.
  • Some sites had their lowest autumn mean daily minimum temperature since at least 1995.
  • Daytime temperatures were close to average across the state away from the far north-west where days were warmer than average.
  • The mean daytime temperature for Victoria in autumn was 0.1 °C above the autumn average.
  • Victoria's lowest daily maximum temperature this autumn was −3.9 °C, recorded at Mount Hotham on 15 May.
  • Combienbar AWS (in the state's east) had its coldest autumn day on record on 15 May.
  • Victoria's year-to-date mean minimum temperature was around 0.1 °C below average, the coolest since 2005.

Strong winds, snow, floods and frost

  • Damaging easterly winds developed along the Gippsland coast on 23 and 24 March, as a low pressure system approached and crossed the southern New South Wales coast; the strongest wind gust of 133km/h was recorded at Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse on 24 March.
  • A strong cold front on 10 April brought a sharp decrease in temperatures to the state, and snow to the elevated parts of Victoria; Mount Baw Baw, Lake Mountain and Mount Buller recorded between 20 and 40 cm of snow. Lighter snowfalls were recorded at Falls Creek and Mt Hotham, with some graupel and light snow flurries observed to lower elevations at Marysville and the Dandenong Ranges.
  • More snow fell on the Victorian Alps in the wake of vigorous cold fronts that crossed Victoria on 20 April and 14 May.
  • A cold front and a low pressure system that crossed the state on 10 May brought showers and thunderstorms. Moderate flooding was observed on 11 May in the Cann River around Chandler's Creek, and in the Genoa River.
  • Widespread frost was observed in many parts of Victoria on the last several mornings of the season.

Further information

Media
(03) 9669 4057

Extremes in autumn 2021
Hottest day 35.9 °C at Walpeup Research on 4 Apr
Warmest days on average 24.1 °C at Mildura Airport
Coolest days on average 8.1 °C at Mount Hotham
Coldest day -3.9 °C at Mount Hotham on 15 May
Coldest night -6.1 °C at Mount Hotham on 16 May
Coolest nights on average 2.3 °C at Mount Hotham
Warmest nights on average 13.7 °C at Gabo Island Lighthouse
Warmest night 20.2 °C at Gabo Island Lighthouse on 12 Mar
20.2 °C at Walpeup Research on 13 Mar
Warmest on average overall 16.8 °C at Mildura Airport
16.8 °C at Walpeup Research
Coolest on average overall 5.2 °C at Mount Hotham
Wettest overall 541.8 mm at Balook
Wettest day 170.0 mm at Madalya on 24 Mar
Strongest wind gust 133 km/h at Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse on 24 Mar

Maps
ObservedAnomalyDecile rank
Total
rainfall
Map of Rainfall totals Map of Percentage of normal rainfall Map of Rainfall deciles
Mean
daily
maximum
temperatures
Map of Mean maximum temperature Map of Anomaly in mean maximum temperature Map of Decile rank of mean maximum temperature
Mean
daily
minimum
temperatures
Map of Mean minimum temperature Map of Anomaly in mean minimum temperature Map of Decile rank of mean minimum temperature

Click on a map to show it full size in a pop-up window


Record highest autumn daily rainfall
New record
(mm)
Old
record
Years of
record
Yanakie (Shallow Inlet) 69.2 on 24 Mar 63.6 on 20 May 1978 55
Aireys Inlet 116.6 on 4 May 100.8 on 22 Mar 2017 27
Combienbar AWS 101.8 on 12 May =101.8 on 8 Apr 2015 27



Record highest autumn total rainfall
New record
(mm)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
autumn
Orbost 292.2 287.6 in 2011 20 188.5

Highest autumn total rainfall for at least 20 years
Observed
(mm)
Most recent
higher
Average for
autumn
East Sale 205.2 235.2 in 1990 147.2
Darriman (Tarralangi) 235.2 250.0 in 1989* 155.2
Giffard 198.0 212.0 in 1989* 137.9

* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a higher value has gone unreported




Record lowest autumn daily maximum temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
autumn
Combienbar AWS 5.9 on 15 May 6.1 on 13 May 2012 27 18.0



Record lowest autumn temperature
New record
(°C)
Old
record
Years of
record
Average for
autumn
Ouyen (Post Office) -1.0 on 31 May = -1.0 on 16 May 1999 65 10.0
Kyabram -2.7 on 31 May -2.5 on 31 May 2002 56 9.1
Morwell (Latrobe Valley Airport) -2.8 on 31 May -2.6 on 24 May 2008 38 8.8
Yarrawonga -1.9 on 29 May -1.6 on 28 May 2006 29 9.4
Redesdale -2.3 on 31 May -2.2 on 16 May 1999 28 7.8
Avalon Airport -1.3 on 31 May -0.7 on 31 May 2006 27 10.0
Coldstream -3.7 on 22 May -3.3 on 25 Apr 1999 27 7.5
Horsham Aerodrome -4.3 on 30 May -4.0 on 30 May 2006 24 7.6
Mount Baw Baw -5.8 on 29 May -5.7 on 29 Apr 2009 24 3.9
Warrnambool Airport NDB -1.7 on 31 May -0.7 on 19 May 2005 23 9.2
Viewbank -0.4 on 31 May -0.3 on 10 May 2011 22 10.3
Orbost 1.5 on 31 May 2.2 on 24 May 2008 21 10.8



Lowest autumn mean daily minimum temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)
Most recent
lower
Average for
autumn
Mangalore Airport 7.7 7.3 in 1984 9.0
Rutherglen Research 5.4 =5.4 in 1991 7.4
Strathbogie 5.3 4.8 in 1995 6.2



Summary statistics for autumn 2021
Maximum temperatures
(°C)
Minimum temperatures
(°C)
Rainfall
(millimetres)
Mean for
autumn
2021
Diff
from
average
Highest for
autumn
2021
Mean for
autumn
2021
Diff
from
average
Lowest for
autumn
2021
Total for
autumn
2021
Average
for
autumn
Rank of
autumn
2021
Fraction of
autumn
average
North Mallee (district 76)
Mildura Airport 24.1 +0.3 34.5 4 Apr 9.5 -1.0 -1.4 30 May 12.8 63.3 v low 20%
Ouyen (Post Office) 23.8 +0.1 35.6 4 Apr 9.4 -0.6 -1.0 31 May 25.8 72.8 low 35%
Walpeup Research 23.9 +0.7 35.9 4 Apr 9.8 -0.6 0.6 21 Apr 20.2 73.5 v low 27%
South Mallee (district 77)
Hopetoun Airport 23.5 -0.3 34.7 4 Apr 7.8 -1.4 -3.2 31 May 18.4 61.5 v low 30%
Swan Hill Aerodrome 23.5 -0.3 34.9 4 Apr 8.5 -1.0 -1.0 31 May 23.0 63.0 low 37%
North Wimmera (district 78)
Kellalac (Warracknabeal Airport) 22.7   34.1 3 Apr 8.0   -1.6 31 May 41.0
Nhill Aerodrome 22.3 -0.3 34.2 3 Apr 8.5 -0.7 0.4 6 May 30.4 64.2 v low 47%
South Wimmera (district 79)
Edenhope Airport 20.9 -0.3 34.0 3 Apr 8.5 -0.8 -1.3 30 May 63.2 103.0 v low 61%
Grampians (Mount William) 12.4 -0.4 24.8 3 Apr 5.7 -0.3 -0.6 15 May 341.0 270.1 high 126%
Horsham Aerodrome 22.0 -0.3 34.4 3 Apr 6.6 -1.0 -4.3 30 May 45.6 73.2 low 62%
Kanagulk 20.9 -0.4 34.6 3 Apr 7.5 -1.2 -4.0 30 May 59.2 102.4 v low 58%
Longerenong 22.1 +0.4 34.3 3 Apr 7.4 -0.9 -2.1 21 Apr 44.6 94.2 low 47%
Pyrenees (Ben Nevis) 15.2 -0.6 26.7 4 Apr 7.4 -0.6 0.6 29 May 194.4 163.7 high 119%
Stawell Aerodrome 20.0 -0.8 32.5 3 Apr 8.6 -0.2 -1.2 30 May 76.6 90.7 average 84%
Lower North (district 80)
Charlton 22.4 -0.7 34.1 4 Apr 8.6 -0.9 -1.2 30 May 53.0 85.4 low 62%
Echuca Aerodrome 22.6 +0.2 33.8 13 Mar 8.6 -1.0 -1.5 31 May 69.7 103.5 average 67%
Kerang 22.9 0.0 34.4 4 Apr 9.4 -0.3 -0.1 29 May 64.8 88.5 average 73%
Kyabram 22.2 +0.2 34.6 13 Mar 8.5 -0.6 -2.7 31 May 95.6 109.6 average 87%
Upper North (district 81)
Bendigo Airport 21.0 -0.4 31.1 4 Apr 7.9 -0.5 -1.6 31 May 141.2 111.8 high 126%
Shepparton Airport 22.2 -0.4 34.1 13 Mar 8.5 -0.4 -2.6 31 May 89.8 101.4 average 89%
Tatura Inst Sustainable Ag 21.4 -0.3 33.3 13 Mar 8.2 -0.5 -3.0 31 May 85.4 113.3 average 75%
Yarrawonga 22.7 -0.4 35.5 13 Mar 8.3 -1.1 -1.9 29 May 121.0 103.8 high 117%
Lower Northeast (district 82)
Benalla Airport 21.9 -0.7 33.1 13 Mar 7.4 -1.3 -3.3 16 May 77.3 149.1 v low 52%
Dartmouth Reservoir 20.1 -0.7 29.2 2 Apr 7.1 -0.6 -2.0 31 May 163.0 202.7 average 80%
Hunters Hill 15.9 -0.8 25.2 2 Apr 8.1 -0.4 -0.4 16 May 253.8 245.0 average 104%
Rutherglen Research 22.3 +0.2 34.3 13 Mar 5.4 -2.0 -4.7 30 May 97.4 131.2 average 74%
Strathbogie 18.6 -0.5 28.3 13 Mar 5.3 -0.9 -5.2 31 May 139.8 218.3 low 64%
Wangaratta Aero 22.2 -0.4 35.0 13 Mar 6.3 -1.1 -4.2 31 May 77.6 140.3 low 55%
Upper Northeast (district 83)
Falls Creek 9.2 -0.8 19.7 2 Apr 3.0 -0.3 -5.9 16 May 399.0 300.6 high 133%
Mount Buller 9.1 -1.0 18.7 2 Apr 3.2 -0.6 -5.0 16 May 328.6 329.3 average 100%
Mount Hotham 8.1 -0.6 18.3 2 Apr 2.3 -0.5 -6.1 16 May 303.6 358.9 average 85%
Omeo 18.4 -0.5 28.9 13 Mar 4.7 -1.1 -5.7 31 May 169.2 131.8 average 128%
East Gippsland (district 84)
Combienbar AWS 17.0 -1.0 29.3 13 Mar 9.6 -0.3 2.1 16 May 405.2 227.7 v high 178%
Gabo Island Lighthouse 19.3 +0.2 26.9 4 Apr 13.7 +0.3 7.8 16 May 340.8 255.0 high 134%
Gelantipy 15.9 -0.8 27.6 13 Mar 6.8 -0.5 -0.9 30 May 244.8 165.7 high 148%
Lakes Entrance (Eastern Beach Road) 19.5 -0.8 33.7 13 Mar 10.8 -0.2 0.0 31 May 237.0 167.0 high 142%
Mallacoota 19.9 -0.2 31.7 13 Mar 11.8 0.0 4.0 31 May 336.8 248.0 high 136%
Mount Nowa Nowa 18.7 -0.6 32.2 13 Mar 10.2 -0.6 4.1 16 May 293.0 195.4 high 150%
Orbost 20.3 -0.7 34.0 13 Mar 10.5 -0.3 1.5 31 May 292.2 188.5 highest 155%
West Gippsland (district 85)
Bairnsdale Airport 20.3 -0.5 31.8 13 Mar 9.0 0.0 -1.6 30 May 214.6 146.6 high 146%
Corner Inlet (Yanakie) 18.9   30.9 3 Apr 10.5   -0.3 22 May 111.8
East Sale 20.2 -0.1 33.0 13 Mar 9.1 +0.3 -2.2 31 May 205.2 147.2 high 139%
East Sale Airport 20.4   33.6 13 Mar 9.2   -2.0 31 May 207.8
Morwell (Latrobe Valley Airport) 20.2 -0.5 31.5 3 Apr 8.9 +0.1 -2.8 31 May 175.4 159.3 average 110%
Mount Moornapa 18.2 -0.4 30.9 13 Mar 9.4 -0.6 2.0 30 May 289.4 188.7 high 153%
Nilma North (Warragul) 19.4   30.9 3 Apr 8.9   -3.5 31 May 179.4
Pound Creek 19.6 -0.8 31.0 3 Apr 9.8 0.0 -0.6 30 May 221.4 219.4 average 101%
Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse 16.9 -0.4 28.5 3 Apr 13.2 +0.5 7.4 15 May 339.0 268.4 high 126%
Yarram Airport 19.5 -1.0 30.9 3 Apr 9.2 +0.1 -3.0 22 May 273.2 152.5 v high 179%
East Central (district 86)
Cerberus 19.7 -0.2 31.4 3 Apr 10.0 -0.4 -1.1 31 May 131.4 175.0 low 75%
Coldstream 20.2 -0.7 31.2 3 Apr 7.4 -0.1 -3.7 22 May
Essendon Airport 20.1 -0.1 31.7 3 Apr 10.4 +0.2 0.4 22 May 135.6 142.7 average 95%
Ferny Creek 16.1 -0.9 27.0 2 Apr 9.3 -0.7 1.7 11 Apr 376.2 329.3 high 114%
Frankston (Ballam Park) 19.5   30.6 3 Apr 10.9   1.9 31 May 183.4
Melbourne (Olympic Park) 20.0   31.6 3 Apr 11.5   1.7 30 May 158.2
Melbourne Airport 20.2 -0.2 31.6 3 Apr 9.8 -0.6 1.3 30 May 129.4 122.2 average 106%
Moorabbin Airport 19.9 -0.5 32.1 3 Apr 11.1 +0.3 0.6 31 May 161.4 174.8 average 92%
Rhyll 19.2 -0.3 28.0 3 Apr 12.5 -0.2 5.3 30 May 158.4 174.8 average 91%
Scoresby Research Institute 20.1 -0.1 31.5 2 Apr 9.9 -0.4 0.0 30 May 194.4 211.0 average 92%
Viewbank 20.4 -0.9 31.5 2 Apr 9.9 -0.4 -0.4 31 May 207.6 158.2 high 131%
West Central (district 87)
Avalon Airport 20.1 -0.7 33.3 3 Apr 9.7 -0.3 -1.3 31 May 110.0 102.0 average 108%
Breakwater (Geelong Racecourse) 20.1   33.5 3 Apr 10.2   0.3 31 May 100.8
Laverton RAAF 20.1 -0.2 32.7 3 Apr 10.2 +0.1 -0.3 31 May 116.4 125.5 average 93%
Sheoaks     29.9 12 Mar 8.8 -0.3 -0.8 31 May 126.8 102.7 high 123%
North Central (district 88)
Castlemaine Prison     29.9 4 Apr 7.4 -0.6 -0.5 30 May 115.6 133.0 average 87%
Eildon Fire Tower 17.3 -1.0 27.8 4 Apr 8.5 -0.7 1.3 29 May 132.6 144.4 average 92%
Lake Eildon 20.0 -1.0 29.9 2 Apr 7.5 -0.7 -1.2 29 May 140.4 190.5 low 74%
Mangalore Airport 21.2 -0.3 31.3 4 Apr 7.7 -1.3 -3.3 31 May 100.4 129.0 average 78%
Maryborough 20.2 -0.6 31.6 4 Apr 8.1 -0.5 -1.4 30 May 127.8 118.9 average 107%
Puckapunyal Lyon Hill (Defence) 20.7   31.1 4 Apr 9.5   1.2 31 May 94.0
Puckapunyal West (Defence) 20.1   30.6 4 Apr 9.2   0.8 31 May 103.4
Redesdale 21.0 +0.1 31.6 4 Apr 6.7 -1.1 -2.3 31 May 122.0 130.4 average 94%
Wallan (Kilmore Gap) 16.9 -0.3 28.6 4 Apr 8.8 -0.2 2.8 15 May 185.8 161.8 high 115%
Western Plains (district 89)
Ararat Prison 19.5 -0.2 31.4 3 Apr 7.3 -0.2 -1.7 30 May 123.2 127.2 average 97%
Ballarat Aerodrome 17.8 -0.1 28.5 12 Mar 7.1 -0.6 -1.9 22 May 142.0 157.8 average 90%
Westmere 19.3 -1.0 32.8 3 Apr 7.5 -0.6 -2.5 30 May 124.6 114.9 average 108%
West Coast (district 90)
Aireys Inlet 18.4 -0.7 33.4 3 Apr 11.5 -0.2 5.0 31 May 226.6 142.1 high 159%
Cape Nelson Lighthouse 17.9 -0.4 31.9 3 Apr 12.6 +0.2 5.4 31 May 157.4 154.3 average 102%
Cape Otway Lighthouse 17.3 -0.7 30.7 3 Apr 12.3 +0.6 4.0 31 May 188.6 217.3 average 87%
Casterton 19.9 -0.6 33.8 3 Apr 8.3 -0.7 -1.1 30 May 102.6 143.8 low 71%
Colac (Mount Gellibrand) 18.4 -0.7 31.3 3 Apr 9.6 -0.3 2.8 21 Apr 124.2 117.9 average 105%
Dartmoor 19.9 -0.2 35.0 3 Apr 9.1 -0.1 -0.9 31 May 134.4 173.8 v low 77%
Hamilton Airport 19.2 -0.7 33.2 3 Apr 8.2 -0.3 0.1 21 Apr 103.2 128.9 low 80%
Mortlake Racecourse 19.6 -0.5 34.1 3 Apr 8.1 -0.1 -2.8 30 May 128.6 133.6 average 96%
Port Fairy AWS 18.7 -0.6 33.8 3 Apr 11.0 0.0 0.4 31 May 163.8 156.5 average 105%
Portland (Cashmore Airport) 18.5 0.0 32.2 3 Apr 10.3 +0.3 0.7 31 May 206.4 189.3 average 109%
Warrnambool Airport NDB 19.2 -0.7 34.0 3 Apr 8.9 -0.3 -1.7 31 May 199.6 177.5 high 112%

Notes

The Seasonal climate summary, generally published on the first working day of each month, lists the main features of the weather in Victoria using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. More extensive discussion of significant weather events, along with later information and data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review.

This statement has been prepared based on information available at 9 am on Tuesday 1 June 2021. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.

In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.

Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site. They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median is sometimes more representative than the mean of long-term average rain.

The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site, based on the decile ranking (very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3, average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9 and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a percentage of the long-term mean.

Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.

Further information

Media
(03) 9669 4057

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