Monday, 3 September 2018 - Seasonal Climate Summary for New South Wales - Product code IDCKGC25R0
New South Wales in winter 2018: Very dry with warm days and cool nights
Winter 2018 rainfall across New South Wales was 54% below average, the eighth lowest on record. Daytime temperatures were the fifth warmest on record across the State. The clear skies and dry conditions resulted in cool overnight temperatures, with areas in the Western districts the lowest on record.
Very dry conditions
- The total rainfall for New South Wales as a whole for winter 2018 was 53.1 mm, 54% below average
- Rainfall was very much below average over much of the state, with parts of the Western districts receiving their lowest winter rainfall on record
- A number of sites had their lowest total winter rainfall on record or their lowest total winter rainfall for at least 20 years
- Parts of the Darling and North Coast regions recorded near-average rainfall across winter
- Widespread two day totals of 25-50 mm were recorded in the Darling region in late June, with Brewarrina, east of Bourke recording 67 mm on the 27 and 28 June
- A low pressure system and associated trough brought widespread rainfall totals in excess of 10 mm throughout central and northern New South Wales on 26 August
- The localised falls did not significantly change the long-term rainfall deficiencies, with the State recording the driest January to August period since 1965
- Pan evaporation across the State was at its highest level in winter since the Millennium Drought in 2002 and 2003
- Soil moisture content for July was the lowest on record in parts of the Northwest Slopes
Warm days and cool nights
- Daytime temperatures for New South Wales for winter 2018 were 1.42 °C above average, the fifth highest on record
- Almost all of the State experienced above average to very much above average daytime temperatures, with only the Southwest Slopes reporting near-average daytime temperatures
- The last season with state-wide below average daytime temperatures was spring 2016
- Some sites in the Northwest Slopes and Northern Tablelands had their highest winter mean daily maximum temperature on record
- Night time temperatures for New South Wales for winter 2018 were 0.17 °C below average, somewhat warmer than in winter 2017. In contrast winter 2016 was the warmest on record for the State
- The clear skies and dry conditions resulted in most of the State west of the Dividing Range, and the northeast, experiencing below average night time temperatures. Parts of the northwest of the State had their lowest night time temperatures on record
- On 15 July, minimum temperatures were more than 8 °C cooler than average in some areas, dropping below zero across most of the State and resulting in widespread frosts. Some sites in the Central Tablelands and Western Sydney had their lowest winter temperature on record
- The -14.2 °C at Perisher Valley AWS on 29 August is the coldest temperature recorded in Australia since 2011
Snow, wind, dust and fire
- The snow depth at Spencers Creek reached 224.6 cm on August 22. The maximum snow depth in 2017 was 240.9 cm on September 20
- The strongest wind gust in the State was 141 km/h at Thredbo AWS on 8 June. This was the strongest gust at the site since 146 km/h was recorded on 3 September 2017
- Windy conditions inland during August led to raised dust throughout the State
- Bushfires occurred in August along the East Coast and in parts of the Tablelands and Slopes and Plains districts
Further information
- Media
- media@bom.gov.au (03) 9669 4057
- Enquiries
- helpdesk.climate@bom.gov.au
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
Extremes in winter 2018 | |
---|---|
Hottest day |
30.3 °C at Casino Airport AWS on 15 Aug |
Warmest days on average |
23.0 °C at Casino Airport AWS |
Coolest days on average |
2.5 °C at Mount Ginini AWS |
Coldest day |
-4.7 °C at Thredbo AWS on 19 Aug |
Coldest night |
-14.2 °C at Perisher Valley AWS on 29 Aug |
Coolest nights on average |
-4.1 °C at Perisher Valley AWS |
Warmest nights on average |
13.0 °C at Byron Bay (Cape Byron AWS) |
Warmest night |
18.4 °C at Byron Bay (Cape Byron AWS) on 6 Jul |
Warmest on average overall |
16.4 °C at Byron Bay (Cape Byron AWS) |
Coolest on average overall |
-0.6 °C at Perisher Valley AWS |
Wettest overall |
563.4 mm at Perisher Valley AWS |
Driest overall |
3.2 mm at Borrona Downs AWS |
Wettest day |
106.0 mm at Minnie Water (Pump Shed) on 7 Jun |
Strongest wind gust |
141 km/h at Thredbo AWS on 8 Jun |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
Maps | |||
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Observed | Anomaly | Decile rank | |
Total rainfall |
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Mean daily maximum temperatures |
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Mean daily minimum temperatures |
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Click on a map to show it full size in a pop-up window
Record lowest winter total rainfall | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New record (mm) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for winter |
||
Torrens (Darke St) | 60.6 | 67.8 | in 1994 | 35 | 152.0 |
Cootamundra Airport | 86.5 | 93.2 | in 2006 | 22 | 168.1 |
Gundagai (Nangus Rd) | 101.2 | 106.9 | in 2007 | 22 | 178.0 |
Tuggeranong (Isabella Plains) AWS | 54.6 | 72.0 | in 2017 | 22 | 141.0 |
Lowest winter total rainfall for at least 20 years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed (mm) |
Most recent lower |
Average for winter |
|||
Berridale (Bolton Street) | 39.2 | 19.1 | in 1948* | 101.9 | |
Wentworth (Burtundy) | 27.2 | 24.5 | in 1902* | 74.4 | |
Cassilis (Dalkeith) | 37.4 | 26.0 | in 1970* | 131.2 | |
Goulburn TAFE | 66.4 | 34.9 | in 1982 | 146.4 | |
Pooncarie Mail Agency | 21.0 | 12.2 | in 1982 | 70.2 | |
Scone SCS | 42.9 | 33.0 | in 1982 | 119.8 | |
Wagga Wagga AMO | 75.4 | 25.8 | in 1982 | 155.9 | |
Yanco Agricultural Institute | 43.8 | 26.5 | in 1982 | 104.0 | |
Murrurundi (Haydon Street) | 57.5 | 53.9 | in 1982* | 193.0 | |
Belfrayden (North Mayfield) | 52.6 | 24.6 | in 1982* | 126.9 | |
Ganmain (Rosedale) | 63.6 | 27.0 | in 1982* | 133.8 | |
Tarcutta (Wollumbi) | 108.6 | 107.4 | in 1979* | 188.4 | |
Wanaaring Post Office | 3.8 | 1.0 | in 1982* | 52.5 | |
Coleambally Irrigation | 38.8 | 36.9 | in 1982* | 107.7 | |
Lower Boro (Calderwood) | 42.0 | 32.8 | in 1982* | 135.4 | |
Nerriga Composite | 46.0 | 43.8 | in 1980* | 188.6 | |
Tumut (Simpson Street) | 117.8 | 51.4 | in 1982* | 253.7 | |
Coolah (Binnia St) | 21.6 | 20.4 | in 1982* | 146.8 | |
Gunning Rural Supplies | 85.0 | 48.0 | in 1982* | 168.3 | |
Wentworth (Wamberra Station) | 23.0 | 17.5 | in 1944* | 71.3 | |
Pine Ridge (Billabong) | 34.2 | 25.0 | in 1982* | 110.9 | |
Canberra (Australian National Botanic Ga | 63.3 | 56.5 | in 1994 | 153.1 | |
Canberra Parliament House | 61.6 | 34.2 | in 1982* | 132.4 | |
Collarenebri (Bundabarina) | 15.6 | 5.6 | in 1994 | 89.3 | |
Cooma Visitors Centre | 36.5 | 28.3 | in 1994 | 94.8 | |
Fairlight Station | 113.7 | 104.4 | in 1994 | 219.5 | |
Goulburn Airport AWS | 48.0 | 33.0 | in 1994 | 130.8 | |
Broken Hill Airport AWS | 12.8 | 3.0 | in 1994* | 51.0 | |
Bungonia (Inverary Park) | 48.2 | 41.4 | in 1995 | 146.9 | |
Kangiara (Laverstock) | 108.9 | 71.0 | in 1982* | 194.9 | |
Rowena Post Office | 17.2 | 8.8 | in 1994* | 96.7 | |
Weetaliba (Munna) | 40.6 | 36.0 | in 1995 | 124.5 | |
Collarenebri (Albert St) | 19.2 | 6.6 | in 1994* | 94.2 | |
Merriwa (Roscommon) | 44.0 | 36.7 | in 1995* | 109.3 | |
Narrandera Airport AWS | 63.6 | 45.2 | in 1994* | 114.6 | |
Springwood (Valley Heights) | 42.0 | 9.6 | in 1995* | 186.3 | |
Tamworth Airport AWS | 49.8 | 33.0 | in 1997 | 134.6 | |
Woolbrook (Danglemah Road) | 56.7 | 43.4 | in 1997 | 149.7 | |
Armidale Airport AWS | 83.6 | 56.0 | in 1997* | 136.6 | |
Binnaway (Wattle St) | 41.4 | 35.6 | in 1995* | 124.1 | |
Darkes Forest (Kintyre) | 108.0 | 85.6 | in 1995* | 332.5 | |
Lake Cargelligo Airport | 49.6 | 41.4 | in 1994* | 105.1 | |
Nundle (Chaffey Dam) | 55.6 | 54.5 | in 1997* | 161.3 | |
Tweed Heads Golf Club | 160.4 | 151.2 | in 1995* | 293.4 | |
Weabonga (Stoneleigh) | 65.0 | 46.6 | in 1997* | 182.1 |
* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a lower value has gone unreported
Record highest winter mean daily maximum temperature | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for winter |
||
Wellington (D&J Rural) | 18.0 | = 18.0 | in 1940 | 98 | 16.1 |
Gunnedah Resource Centre | 19.1 | 18.8 | in 2002 | 65 | 17.0 |
Barraba Post Office | 19.1 | 18.9 | in 2009 | 52 | 17.0 |
Bankstown Airport AWS | 19.3 | = 19.3 | in 2013 | 48 | 18.0 |
Tabulam (Muirne) | 18.8 | 18.6 | in 2017 | 46 | 17.1 |
Glen Innes Ag Research Stn | 14.9 | = 14.9 | in 2002 | 44 | 13.3 |
Tamworth Airport AWS | 18.7 | 18.5 | in 2009 | 26 | 17.2 |
Grafton Research Stn | 22.4 | 22.2 | in 2004 | 24 | 20.9 |
Casino Airport AWS | 23.0 | 22.9 | in 2017 | 23 | 21.3 |
Moree Aero | 20.7 | = 20.7 | in 2017 | 23 | 19.2 |
Armidale (Tree Group Nursery) | 14.8 | 14.7 | in 2002 | 21 | 13.8 |
Highest winter mean daily maximum temperature for at least 20 years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed (°C) |
Most recent higher |
Average for winter |
|||
Coonabarabran (Showgrounds) | 17.6 | 18.1 | in 1897* | 15.8 | |
Quirindi Post Office | 18.6 | 18.7 | in 1910* | 16.8 | |
Tenterfield (Federation Park) | 16.9 | 17.4 | in 1993 | 15.2 |
* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a higher value has gone unreported
Record lowest winter temperature | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for winter |
|||
Orange Agricultural Institute | -5.8 | on 15 Jul | -5.6 | on 13 Jul 2000 | 43 | 2.1 |
Bathurst Airport AWS | -8.1 | on 15 Jul | -7.7 | on 22 Jul 2017 | 27 | 1.3 |
Cooma Airport AWS | -11.0 | on 30 Aug | = -11.0 | on 16 Jun 1992 | 27 | -1.6 |
Wanaaring Post Office | -4.3 | on 15 Jul | -3.9 | on 14 Jul 1997 | 27 | 5.0 |
Mangrove Mountain AWS | -0.8 | on 30 Aug | -0.5 | on 26 Jun 2016 | 25 | 6.6 |
Canterbury Racecourse AWS | -1.6 | on 16 Jul | = -1.6 | on 3 Jul 2002 | 23 | 6.5 |
Penrith Lakes AWS | -1.8 | on 16 Jul | -1.4 | on 12 Jul 2002 | 23 | 6.2 |
Coonamble Airport AWS | -3.9 | on 15 Jul | = -3.9 | on 16 Jul 2007 | 21 | 4.2 |
Newcastle University | 1.0 | on 22 Jul | 1.2 | on 12 Jul 2002 | 21 | 8.0 |
Parkes Airport AWS | -6.6 | on 15 Jul | -6.0 | on 4 Aug 1999 | 21 | 2.9 |
Record lowest winter mean daily minimum temperature | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for winter |
||
Wanaaring Post Office | 2.7 | 3.5 | in 1997 | 26 | 5.0 |
Walgett Airport AWS | 2.9 | = 2.9 | in 2002 | 25 | 4.4 |
Casino Airport AWS | 5.4 | 5.6 | in 2002 | 23 | 7.4 |
Canterbury Racecourse AWS | 5.6 | = 5.6 | in 2004 | 22 | 6.5 |
Lightning Ridge Visitor Information Cent | 4.8 | 5.0 | in 1997 | 20 | 6.0 |
Lowest winter mean daily minimum temperature for at least 20 years | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Observed (°C) |
Most recent lower |
Average for winter |
|||
Burrinjuck Dam | 2.6 | 2.2 | in 1971* | 3.6 | |
Corowa Airport | 1.4 | =1.4 | in 1982* | 3.4 | |
Murwillumbah (Bray Park) | 8.1 | 7.2 | in 1982* | 9.1 | |
Barraba Post Office | -0.8 | =-0.8 | in 1994 | 1.0 | |
Brewarrina Hospital | 4.3 | 4.1 | in 1994 | 5.2 |
* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a lower value has gone unreported
Record lowest winter mean temperature | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
New record (°C) |
Old record |
Years of record |
Average for winter |
||
Port Macquarie Airport AWS | 12.8 | = 12.8 | in 2004 | 22 | 13.3 |
Cabramurra SMHEA AWS | 1.4 | = 1.4 | in 2004 | 21 | 2.2 |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
Summary statistics for winter 2018 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maximum temperatures (°C) |
Minimum temperatures (°C) |
Rainfall (millimetres) |
||||||||||
Mean for winter 2018 |
Diff from average |
Highest for winter 2018 |
Mean for winter 2018 |
Diff from average |
Lowest for winter 2018 |
Total for winter 2018 |
Average for winter |
Rank of winter 2018 |
Fraction of winter average |
|||
Western (Far Northwest) (district 46) | ||||||||||||
Fowlers Gap AWS | 18.7 | +0.8 | 25.5 | 30 Aug | 4.0 | -1.2 | -3.6 | 15 Jul | 7.0 | 47.3 | v low | 15% |
Smithville AWS | 19.9 | 27.7 | 30 Aug | 4.5 | -3.6 | 19 Jun | 10.2 | |||||
Tibooburra Airport | 19.7 | +0.5 | 28.3 | 30 Aug | 6.8 | -0.4 | 1.4 | 19 Jun | 12.4 | 35.2 | low | 35% |
White Cliffs AWS | 19.2 | +0.8 | 25.3 | 5 Aug | 5.8 | -0.6 | -0.9 | 11 Jul | 4.0 | 50.3 | v low | 8% |
Wilcannia Aerodrome AWS | 19.2 | +0.7 | 25.5 | 15 Aug | 3.7 | -1.0 | -3.4 | 15 Jul | 8.6 | 63.4 | v low | 14% |
Western (Lower Darling) (district 47) | ||||||||||||
Broken Hill Airport AWS | 17.3 | +0.9 | 24.0 | 29 Aug | 4.9 | -0.4 | -2.5 | 19 Jun | 12.8 | 51.0 | v low | 25% |
Lake Victoria Storage | 17.0 | +0.9 | 22.0 | 10 Aug | 5.1 | -0.6 | -2.0 | 23 Jun | 63.2 | 70.2 | average | 90% |
Menindee Post Office | 18.9 | +1.0 | 25.7 | 15 Aug | 4.4 | -0.4 | -3.0 | 16 Jul | 20.6 | 57.7 | low | 36% |
Mulurulu AWS | 17.6 | 23.9 | 5 Jul | 3.6 | -4.0 | 14 Jul | 12.0 | |||||
Pooncarie Mail Agency | 18.2 | +0.3 | 24.2 | 5 Jul | 4.5 | -0.5 | -3.7 | 14 Jul | 21.0 | 70.2 | v low | 30% |
Western (Upper Darling) (district 48) | ||||||||||||
Bourke Airport AWS | 20.0 | +0.5 | 27.7 | 28 Jul | 4.1 | -1.0 | -2.8 | 15 Jul | 50.6 | 59.2 | average | 85% |
Brewarrina Hospital | 20.2 | +1.0 | 25.6 | 28 Jul | 4.3 | -0.9 | -1.8 | 15 Jul | 79.7 | 83.0 | average | 96% |
Cobar Airport AWS | 18.3 | +1.0 | 25.2 | 28 Jul | 2.7 | -1.3 | -4.1 | 14 Jul | 17.8 | 75.8 | v low | 23% |
Cobar MO | 18.3 | +1.5 | 25.3 | 28 Jul | 5.4 | -0.4 | -0.1 | 15 Jul | 21.0 | 83.6 | v low | 25% |
Lightning Ridge Visitor Information Cent | 20.6 | +0.5 | 26.7 | 11 Aug | 4.8 | -1.2 | -2.7 | 15 Jul | 69.2 | 97.8 | average | 71% |
Noona AWS | 18.2 | 25.5 | 28 Jul | 5.7 | -0.6 | 15 Jul | 24.0 | |||||
Wanaaring (Delta AWS) | 19.7 | 27.6 | 28 Jul | 3.3 | -4.3 | 15 Jul | 24.6 | |||||
Wanaaring Post Office | 20.7 | +0.9 | 27.8 | 5 Aug | 2.7 | -2.3 | -4.3 | 15 Jul | 3.8 | 52.5 | v low | 7% |
Western (Southwest Plains) (district 49) | ||||||||||||
Balranald (RSL) | 16.9 | +0.5 | 23.0 | 5 Jul | 4.3 | +0.1 | -2.4 | 23 Jun | 35.6 | 85.2 | low | 42% |
Euabalong (Mount Hope AWS) | 17.2 | 23.4 | 5 Jul | 1.9 | -4.7 | 25 Jun | 39.2 | |||||
Ivanhoe Aerodrome AWS | 17.9 | +0.5 | 25.0 | 15 Aug | 5.1 | -0.5 | -0.3 | 14 Jul | 29.0 | 64.5 | low | 45% |
Central Western Plains (South) (district 50) | ||||||||||||
Condobolin Ag Research Stn | 17.0 | +1.1 | 23.1 | 15 Aug | 2.5 | -0.9 | -4.5 | 15 Jul | 36.6 | 101.5 | v low | 36% |
Condobolin Airport AWS | 17.4 | +1.2 | 23.8 | 15 Aug | 2.5 | -0.8 | -4.5 | 15 Jul | 35.4 | 101.8 | low | 35% |
Peak Hill Post Office | 17.5 | +1.3 | 23.1 | 5 Jul | 5.0 | -0.6 | -3.0 | 15 Jul | 51.8 | 130.0 | v low | 40% |
West Wyalong Airport AWS | 15.8 | +0.7 | 21.9 | 25 Aug | 2.7 | -0.7 | -4.3 | 23 Jul | 59.8 | 122.7 | low | 49% |
Central Western Plains (North) (district 51) | ||||||||||||
Coonamble Airport AWS | 19.4 | +1.4 | 25.7 | 11 Aug | 3.4 | -0.8 | -3.9 | 15 Jul | 25.8 | 107.7 | v low | 24% |
Nyngan (Girilambone (Okeh) AWS) | 18.8 | 23.8 | 15 Aug | 4.2 | -2.6 | 16 Jul | 53.6 | |||||
Trangie Research Station AWS | 18.3 | +2.0 | 23.4 | 5 Jul | 4.0 | +0.1 | -3.3 | 15 Jul | 51.8 | 102.8 | low | 50% |
Walgett (Brewon AWS) | 19.9 | 25.8 | 28 Jul | 3.3 | -3.9 | 15 Jul | 47.6 | |||||
Northwest Plains (West) (district 52) | ||||||||||||
Walgett Airport AWS | 20.6 | +1.1 | 26.6 | 11 Aug | 2.9 | -1.5 | -4.9 | 16 Jul | 32.2 | 82.0 | low | 39% |
Northwest Plains (East) (district 53) | ||||||||||||
Moree Aero | 20.7 | +1.5 | 26.7 | 28 Jul | 4.9 | -0.3 | -1.8 | 14 Jul | 53.4 | 100.9 | low | 53% |
Northwest Slopes (North) (district 54) | ||||||||||||
Barraba Post Office | 19.1 | +2.1 | 25.1 | 25 Jul | -0.8 | -1.8 | -7.7 | 16 Jul | 65.1 | 129.6 | low | 50% |
Narrabri Airport AWS | 20.3 | +1.6 | 26.5 | 28 Jul | 3.4 | -1.5 | -4.4 | 14 Jul | 46.6 | 115.0 | low | 41% |
Northwest Slopes (South) (district 55) | ||||||||||||
Gunnedah Airport AWS | 19.7 | +1.6 | 25.6 | 31 Aug | 1.5 | -1.3 | -6.6 | 15 Jul | 41.8 | 104.0 | v low | 40% |
Gunnedah Resource Centre | 19.1 | +2.1 | 24.7 | 31 Aug | 5.3 | -0.3 | -1.7 | 14 Jul | 35.8 | 117.3 | v low | 31% |
Quirindi Post Office | 18.6 | +1.8 | 24.6 | 5 Jul | 1.7 | -0.6 | -4.0 | 16 Jul | 44.6 | 143.4 | v low | 31% |
Tamworth Airport AWS | 18.7 | +1.5 | 24.2 | 31 Aug | 2.0 | -0.9 | -5.7 | 16 Jul | 49.8 | 134.6 | v low | 37% |
Woolbrook (Danglemah Road) | 14.5 | +1.0 | 20.0 | 31 Aug | -0.9 | -0.3 | -9.5 | 16 Jul | 56.7 | 149.7 | v low | 38% |
Northern Tablelands (West) (district 56) | ||||||||||||
Armidale (Tree Group Nursery) | 14.8 | +1.0 | 20.6 | 14 Aug | -1.1 | -1.2 | -10.1 | 15 Jul | 81.4 | 126.2 | low | 65% |
Armidale Airport AWS | 13.7 | +0.8 | 19.6 | 31 Aug | 1.4 | -0.4 | -5.1 | 13 Aug | 83.6 | 136.6 | v low | 61% |
Glen Innes Ag Research Stn | 14.9 | +1.6 | 21.0 | 14 Aug | 0.7 | -0.6 | -6.0 | 15 Jul | 110.0 | 157.4 | low | 70% |
Glen Innes Airport AWS | 15.0 | +1.0 | 21.0 | 14 Aug | -2.0 | -1.5 | -9.7 | 16 Jul | 123.6 | 152.5 | average | 81% |
Guyra Hospital | 12.3 | +1.0 | 18.6 | 14 Aug | 1.1 | -0.2 | -5.0 | 21 Jul | 104.0 | 162.1 | low | 64% |
Inverell (Raglan St) | 18.1 | +0.7 | 23.2 | 28 Jul | -5.2 | 15 Jul | 113.4 | 128.4 | average | 88% | ||
Inverell Research Centre | 17.5 | +1.6 | 23.0 | 28 Jul | 3.7 | -0.6 | -4.3 | 15 Jul | 115.2 | 137.8 | average | 84% |
Tenterfield (Federation Park) | 16.9 | +1.7 | 24.3 | 30 Aug | -1.1 | -2.8 | -7.8 | 15 Jul | 76.4 | 147.1 | low | 52% |
Northern Tablelands (East) (district 57) | ||||||||||||
Tabulam (Muirne) | 18.8 | +1.7 | 25.7 | 15 Aug | 8.1 | +0.3 | 2.6 | 14 Jul | 60.4 | 142.7 | low | 42% |
Upper North Coast (district 58) | ||||||||||||
Ballina Airport AWS | 21.2 | +0.7 | 26.6 | 29 Jul | 8.5 | -0.6 | 1.7 | 21 Aug | 228.6 | 394.0 | low | 58% |
Byron Bay (Cape Byron AWS) | 19.8 | +0.4 | 25.5 | 16 Aug | 13.0 | +0.2 | 9.0 | 20 Aug | 199.6 | 333.1 | v low | 60% |
Casino Airport AWS | 23.0 | +1.7 | 30.3 | 15 Aug | 5.4 | -2.0 | -0.8 | 15 Aug | 47.4 | 152.9 | v low | 31% |
Evans Head RAAF Bombing Range AWS | 21.3 | +1.0 | 29.6 | 6 Aug | 10.5 | -0.3 | 4.4 | 21 Aug | 213.8 | 337.4 | low | 63% |
Grafton Airport AWS | 21.8 | +0.7 | 29.0 | 15 Aug | 4.8 | -1.4 | -2.8 | 21 Aug | 131.4 | 185.5 | average | 71% |
Grafton Research Stn | 22.4 | +1.5 | 30.2 | 15 Aug | 7.0 | -0.4 | 0.1 | 21 Aug | 112.8 | 165.1 | average | 68% |
Lismore Airport AWS | 22.5 | +1.1 | 29.7 | 16 Aug | 5.3 | -1.7 | -0.7 | 21 Aug | 57.8 | 192.1 | v low | 30% |
Murwillumbah (Bray Park) | 22.7 | +1.1 | 28.7 | 16 Aug | 8.1 | -1.0 | 0.3 | 22 Aug | 116.4 | 220.9 | low | 53% |
Yamba Pilot Station | 20.9 | +1.3 | 25.9 | 16 Aug | 10.4 | 0.0 | 5.7 | 21 Aug | 323.6 | 313.9 | average | 103% |
Lower North Coast (district 59) | ||||||||||||
Coffs Harbour Airport | 20.4 | 27.3 | 29 Jul | 7.6 | 0.2 | 21 Aug | 172.0 | |||||
Dorrigo (Old Coramba Rd) | 15.9 | +0.7 | 25.0 | 15 Aug | 4.3 | -0.6 | -2.0 | 15 Jul | 116.2 | 288.9 | low | 40% |
Kempsey Airport AWS | 20.8 | +0.2 | 28.7 | 15 Aug | 4.5 | -1.2 | -4.2 | 21 Aug | 105.4 | 186.1 | average | 57% |
South West Rocks (Smoky Cape Lighthouse) | 20.5 | +1.2 | 25.4 | 16 Aug | 12.5 | +0.7 | 8.3 | 13 Aug | 275.0 | 295.7 | average | 93% |
Manning (district 60) | ||||||||||||
Forster - Tuncurry Marine Rescue | 18.9 | 0.0 | 24.8 | 7 Jul | 8.4 | -0.9 | 3.5 | 8 Aug | 226.6 | 276.9 | average | 82% |
Port Macquarie Airport AWS | 19.8 | +0.3 | 25.9 | 15 Aug | 5.7 | -1.5 | -2.4 | 21 Aug | 195.6 | 271.4 | average | 72% |
Taree Airport AWS | 19.4 | +0.2 | 27.0 | 15 Aug | 5.9 | -1.4 | -2.0 | 21 Aug | 114.3 | 209.4 | low | 55% |
Yarras (Mount Seaview) | 19.8 | +0.5 | 27.3 | 15 Aug | 5.5 | -0.7 | -3.8 | 15 Jul | 352.6 | 251.5 | high | 140% |
Hunter (district 61) | ||||||||||||
Cessnock Airport AWS | 19.1 | +0.9 | 25.5 | 16 Aug | 4.0 | -0.9 | -4.9 | 15 Jul | 72.2 | 119.6 | average | 60% |
Cooranbong (Lake Macquarie AWS) | 19.3 | 25.2 | 6 Jul | 4.3 | -3.4 | 16 Jul | 138.0 | 198.1 | average | 70% | ||
Gosford AWS | 18.5 | 25.0 | 6 Jul | 6.7 | 0.9 | 22 Jul | 243.2 | |||||
Maitland Airport AWS | 19.0 | 26.2 | 16 Aug | 5.8 | -2.7 | 22 Jul | 94.2 | |||||
Mangrove Mountain AWS | 17.3 | +1.0 | 23.1 | 11 Aug | 5.9 | -0.7 | -0.8 | 30 Aug | 122.0 | 208.3 | average | 59% |
Merriwa (Roscommon) | 17.6 | +0.9 | 24.7 | 5 Jul | 2.0 | -1.0 | -5.5 | 16 Jul | 44.0 | 109.3 | low | 40% |
Murrurundi Gap AWS | 14.1 | +0.9 | 20.2 | 5 Jul | 5.4 | -0.1 | 1.1 | 8 Jul | 45.4 | 158.4 | v low | 29% |
Nelson Bay (Nelson Head) | 18.1 | -0.1 | 23.6 | 15 Aug | 10.7 | +1.0 | 6.7 | 15 Jul | 418.3 | 398.1 | average | 105% |
Newcastle Nobbys Signal Station AWS | 18.6 | +1.2 | 24.4 | 16 Aug | 9.7 | +0.5 | 4.6 | 22 Jul | 317.6 | 282.9 | average | 112% |
Newcastle University | 18.8 | +0.1 | 25.2 | 11 Aug | 7.4 | -0.6 | 1.0 | 22 Jul | 197.7 | 247.2 | average | 80% |
Norah Head AWS | 18.8 | +0.7 | 24.2 | 15 Aug | 10.1 | -0.4 | 5.1 | 15 Jul | 403.2 | 305.9 | high | 132% |
Paterson (Tocal AWS) | 18.8 | +0.6 | 25.8 | 16 Aug | 6.4 | -0.4 | -0.9 | 15 Jul | 153.2 | 155.4 | average | 99% |
Scone Airport AWS | 18.6 | +1.2 | 25.1 | 5 Jul | 3.5 | -0.4 | -4.3 | 15 Jul | 41.4 | 121.4 | low | 34% |
Singleton (Defence) | 18.9 | 25.8 | 16 Aug | 6.8 | 0.6 | 16 Jul | 57.8 | |||||
Singleton STP | 19.3 | +0.7 | 26.1 | 5 Jul | 6.1 | +1.4 | -1.7 | 22 Jul | 55.4 | 118.9 | low | 47% |
Williamtown RAAF | 18.8 | +0.9 | 25.2 | 11 Aug | 6.6 | -0.5 | -0.9 | 16 Jul | 263.0 | 268.1 | average | 98% |
Central Tablelands (North) (district 62) | ||||||||||||
Gulgong Post Office | 16.6 | +1.0 | 22.8 | 5 Jul | 2.8 | -0.4 | -5.5 | 15 Jul | 85.4 | 144.7 | low | 59% |
Mudgee Airport AWS | 15.8 | +0.6 | 21.7 | 5 Jul | 0.7 | -1.0 | -7.4 | 15 Jul | 91.6 | 125.2 | low | 73% |
Nullo Mountain AWS | 10.2 | +0.3 | 16.0 | 28 Jul | -2.3 | 20 Aug | 95.6 | 192.9 | low | 50% | ||
Central Tablelands (South) (district 63) | ||||||||||||
Bathurst Agricultural Station | 13.3 | +1.1 | 19.0 | 11 Aug | 0.1 | -1.0 | -7.5 | 15 Jul | 87.4 | 142.3 | low | 61% |
Bathurst Airport AWS | 13.2 | +0.4 | 19.6 | 11 Aug | 0.3 | -1.0 | -8.1 | 15 Jul | 71.4 | 121.4 | low | 59% |
Lithgow (Cooerwull) | 11.8 | +0.3 | 17.6 | 5 Jul | 1.3 | -0.2 | -9.3 | 15 Jul | 77.0 | 191.4 | low | 40% |
Marrangaroo (Defence) | 12.1 | 17.8 | 11 Aug | -0.5 | -11.1 | 15 Jul | 83.2 | |||||
Mount Boyce AWS | 10.6 | +0.3 | 17.3 | 10 Aug | 2.8 | -0.3 | -2.6 | 15 Jul | 85.4 | 174.0 | low | 49% |
Orange Airport AWS | 10.9 | +0.3 | 16.2 | 5 Jul | 0.2 | -0.7 | -7.2 | 15 Jul | 123.6 | 235.7 | low | 52% |
Springwood (Valley Heights) | 17.2 | +0.6 | 24.2 | 11 Aug | 7.3 | +0.2 | 1.6 | 15 Jul | 42.0 | 186.3 | v low | 23% |
Central Western Slopes (North) (district 64) | ||||||||||||
Coonabarabran (Showgrounds) | 17.6 | +1.8 | 22.1 | 11 Aug | -0.1 | -0.9 | -7.5 | 16 Jul | 51.4 | 163.4 | v low | 31% |
Coonabarabran Airport AWS | 16.0 | +1.1 | 21.3 | 24 Jul | 5.8 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 20 Aug | 44.8 | 128.1 | v low | 35% |
Dunedoo Post Office | 17.5 | +1.3 | 23.7 | 5 Jul | 2.5 | -0.4 | -5.6 | 15 Jul | 75.4 | 130.7 | low | 58% |
Central Western Slopes (South) (district 65) | ||||||||||||
Cowra Airport AWS | 15.4 | +0.4 | 22.2 | 3 Aug | 1.6 | -1.2 | -5.8 | 15 Jul | 55.6 | 134.7 | v low | 41% |
Dubbo Airport AWS | 17.6 | +1.2 | 23.0 | 11 Aug | 2.6 | -1.0 | -6.0 | 15 Jul | 56.6 | 127.0 | low | 45% |
Forbes Airport AWS | 16.5 | +1.0 | 22.6 | 15 Aug | 1.6 | -1.4 | -6.4 | 16 Jul | 37.2 | 123.5 | v low | 30% |
Parkes Airport AWS | 16.1 | +1.0 | 22.1 | 5 Jul | 1.3 | -1.6 | -6.6 | 15 Jul | 48.2 | 144.2 | v low | 33% |
Wellington (D&J Rural) | 18.0 | +1.9 | 24.0 | 27 Jul | 1.4 | -1.5 | -5.5 | 14 Jul | 66.0 | 149.1 | v low | 44% |
Metropolitan (East) (district 66) | ||||||||||||
Bankstown Airport AWS | 19.3 | +1.3 | 26.3 | 11 Aug | 5.4 | -0.6 | -1.4 | 16 Jul | 85.0 | 174.0 | low | 49% |
Canterbury Racecourse AWS | 18.7 | +0.5 | 25.5 | 11 Aug | 5.6 | -0.9 | -1.6 | 16 Jul | 124.0 | 227.9 | low | 54% |
Holsworthy Aerodrome AWS | 18.4 | 25.8 | 11 Aug | 5.5 | -1.8 | 16 Jul | 92.4 | |||||
Parramatta North (Masons Drive) | 19.0 | +0.9 | 25.6 | 11 Aug | 6.5 | -0.5 | 0.0 | 16 Jul | 84.6 | 193.4 | low | 44% |
Sydney (Observatory Hill Comparison) | 19.0 | 25.0 | 11 Aug | 9.1 | 4.0 | 16 Jul | 193.2 | |||||
Sydney (Observatory Hill) | 18.9 | +1.8 | 25.6 | 11 Aug | 9.2 | +0.4 | 4.6 | 16 Jul | ||||
Sydney Airport AMO | 19.1 | +1.4 | 26.6 | 11 Aug | 8.9 | +0.8 | 4.2 | 16 Jul | 183.4 | 269.6 | average | 68% |
Sydney Harbour (Wedding Cake West) | 17.7 | +0.1 | 24.9 | 15 Aug | 10.6 | -0.5 | 6.1 | 16 Jul | ||||
Sydney Olympic Park AWS (Archery Centre) | 19.1 | 25.5 | 11 Aug | 6.2 | -0.9 | 16 Jul | 115.2 | |||||
Terrey Hills AWS | 17.2 | +0.4 | 23.9 | 15 Aug | 8.0 | -0.3 | 1.3 | 16 Jul | 98.8 | 250.6 | v low | 39% |
Metropolitan (West) (district 67) | ||||||||||||
Badgerys Creek AWS | 18.7 | +0.6 | 26.5 | 11 Aug | 4.4 | -0.4 | -3.6 | 16 Jul | 60.0 | 119.4 | average | 50% |
Horsley Park Equestrian Centre AWS | 18.6 | +0.6 | 25.6 | 11 Aug | 5.8 | -0.7 | -1.7 | 16 Jul | 54.6 | 149.1 | low | 37% |
Penrith Lakes AWS | 19.5 | +0.9 | 26.4 | 11 Aug | 5.4 | -0.8 | -1.8 | 16 Jul | 39.8 | 106.1 | v low | 38% |
Richmond RAAF | 19.6 | +1.2 | 26.6 | 11 Aug | 3.8 | -0.6 | -4.3 | 15 Jul | 50.4 | 116.0 | low | 43% |
Illawarra (district 68) | ||||||||||||
Albion Park (Wollongong Airport) | 18.4 | +0.2 | 26.9 | 11 Aug | 6.0 | -0.6 | -1.7 | 23 Jul | 103.2 | 196.2 | low | 53% |
Bellambi AWS | 17.8 | +0.3 | 25.6 | 15 Aug | 10.1 | -0.5 | 5.3 | 29 Aug | 149.8 | 293.6 | low | 51% |
Camden Airport AWS | 18.8 | +0.8 | 26.7 | 11 Aug | 3.4 | -0.4 | -4.9 | 16 Jul | 56.0 | 146.8 | low | 38% |
Campbelltown (Mount Annan) | 18.7 | +0.6 | 26.3 | 11 Aug | 4.1 | -0.7 | -3.7 | 16 Jul | 69.0 | 162.8 | v low | 42% |
High Range AWS (Wanganderry) | 11.7 | 19.5 | 11 Aug | 4.2 | -1.5 | 29 Aug | 69.0 | |||||
Holsworthy (Defence) | 18.1 | 26.0 | 11 Aug | 5.5 | -0.4 | 23 Jul | 154.6 | |||||
Jervis Bay (Point Perpendicular) | 16.5 | 0.0 | 23.3 | 6 Jul | 10.2 | -0.2 | 6.5 | 25 Jun | 318.6 | 330.8 | average | 96% |
Kiama (Bombo Headland) | 17.7 | +0.1 | 25.6 | 6 Jul | 10.2 | -0.5 | 6.0 | 23 Jul | 229.4 | 245.7 | average | 93% |
Moss Vale AWS | 12.5 | -0.1 | 19.7 | 11 Aug | 2.7 | -0.2 | -5.4 | 22 Jul | 93.2 | 181.5 | low | 51% |
Nowra RAN Air Station AWS | 17.7 | +0.5 | 25.4 | 11 Aug | 6.6 | -0.4 | 0.7 | 23 Jul | 78.4 | 240.1 | low | 33% |
South Coast (district 69) | ||||||||||||
Bega AWS | 17.7 | +0.7 | 24.6 | 11 Aug | 2.5 | -0.5 | -3.8 | 11 Jul | 96.0 | 138.4 | average | 69% |
Braidwood Racecourse AWS | 13.0 | +0.3 | 19.5 | 3 Aug | 0.8 | +0.3 | -8.3 | 22 Jul | 53.6 | 142.2 | low | 38% |
Green Cape AWS | 15.8 | -0.2 | 23.0 | 15 Aug | 9.3 | -0.4 | 5.6 | 28 Aug | 135.6 | 138.2 | average | 98% |
Merimbula Airport AWS | 17.2 | +0.3 | 24.1 | 15 Aug | 4.3 | -0.6 | -0.7 | 10 Aug | 96.0 | 166.8 | average | 58% |
Montague Island Lighthouse | 16.6 | +0.6 | 23.7 | 15 Aug | 10.9 | +0.5 | 6.5 | 29 Aug | 121.8 | 198.5 | average | 61% |
Moruya Airport AWS | 17.9 | +0.3 | 25.4 | 15 Aug | 4.0 | -0.6 | -3.5 | 23 Jul | 89.4 | 186.6 | low | 48% |
Moruya Heads Pilot Station | 17.5 | +0.8 | 24.5 | 15 Aug | 7.0 | +0.5 | 1.7 | 23 Jul | 90.8 | 198.0 | low | 46% |
Nerriga AWS | 13.2 | 20.6 | 3 Aug | 1.6 | -6.4 | 15 Jul | 53.2 | |||||
Ulladulla AWS | 17.2 | +0.3 | 24.7 | 11 Aug | 9.2 | -0.1 | 4.6 | 23 Jul | 121.4 | 260.7 | low | 47% |
Southern Tablelands (Goulburn-Monaro) (district 70) | ||||||||||||
Bombala (Therry Street) | 13.0 | +1.2 | 20.1 | 5 Jul | -0.5 | 0.0 | -7.7 | 11 Jul | 69.2 | 145.9 | low | 47% |
Bombala AWS | 11.4 | +0.1 | 18.0 | 3 Aug | 0.3 | 0.0 | -6.7 | 30 Aug | 62.6 | 118.8 | average | 53% |
Canberra Airport | 13.5 | 19.5 | 3 Aug | 0.3 | -7.4 | 23 Jul | 64.6 | 126.3 | v low | 51% | ||
Cooma Airport AWS | 10.8 | -0.1 | 18.1 | 14 Aug | -1.4 | +0.2 | -11.0 | 30 Aug | 51.8 | 100.4 | low | 52% |
Cooma Visitors Centre | 12.4 | +0.2 | 19.9 | 14 Aug | -2.1 | -0.1 | -10.0 | 23 Jul | 36.5 | 94.8 | v low | 39% |
Goulburn Airport AWS | 12.8 | +0.3 | 19.8 | 3 Aug | -0.2 | -0.9 | -9.2 | 22 Jul | 48.0 | 130.8 | v low | 37% |
Goulburn TAFE | 12.4 | 0.0 | 19.1 | 3 Aug | 2.1 | 0.0 | -5.0 | 23 Jul | 66.4 | 146.4 | v low | 45% |
Mount Ginini AWS | 2.5 | -1.0 | 7.6 | 3 Aug | -2.5 | -0.7 | -8.0 | 20 Aug | 232.0 | 272.9 | average | 85% |
Taralga Post Office | 11.5 | +0.4 | 18.2 | 3 Aug | 1.1 | -0.1 | -7.0 | 22 Jul | 128.7 | 209.9 | low | 61% |
Tuggeranong (Isabella Plains) AWS | 13.3 | +0.2 | 18.7 | 5 Jul | 0.3 | -0.4 | -7.9 | 23 Jul | 54.6 | 141.0 | lowest | 39% |
Southern Tablelands (Snowy Mountains) (district 71) | ||||||||||||
Perisher Valley AWS | 2.9 | 7.9 | 30 Aug | -4.1 | -14.2 | 29 Aug | 563.4 | |||||
Thredbo Village | 11.6 | 4 Jul | -2.7 | +0.1 | -10.5 | 22 Jul | 454.1 | 514.4 | average | 88% | ||
Southwest Slopes (South) (district 72) | ||||||||||||
Albury Airport AWS | 14.1 | +0.1 | 19.6 | 5 Jul | 2.7 | -0.8 | -2.7 | 15 Jul | 142.8 | 194.5 | low | 73% |
Cabramurra SMHEA AWS | 3.7 | -1.0 | 8.9 | 4 Jul | -0.9 | -0.6 | -6.4 | 20 Aug | 357.0 | 365.7 | average | 98% |
Hume Reservoir | 13.7 | +0.5 | 19.2 | 7 Jun | 5.0 | +0.4 | -0.7 | 15 Jul | 143.4 | 219.6 | low | 65% |
Khancoban AWS | 12.1 | -0.4 | 17.7 | 26 Aug | 1.8 | -0.3 | -3.9 | 23 Jul | 248.0 | 292.8 | low | 85% |
Tumbarumba Post Office | 11.8 | +0.2 | 17.9 | 6 Jun | 0.1 | -0.2 | -6.5 | 25 Jun | 218.8 | 313.3 | low | 70% |
Wagga Wagga AMO | 14.4 | +0.7 | 20.3 | 3 Aug | 2.9 | -0.4 | -3.9 | 29 Aug | 75.4 | 155.9 | v low | 48% |
Southwest Slopes (North) (district 73) | ||||||||||||
Burrinjuck Dam | 12.9 | +0.4 | 17.5 | 7 Jun | 2.6 | -1.0 | -2.3 | 15 Jul | 201.8 | 296.9 | low | 68% |
Cootamundra Airport | 14.1 | +0.3 | 20.9 | 3 Aug | 0.4 | -1.2 | -7.0 | 30 Aug | 86.5 | 168.1 | lowest | 51% |
Grenfell (Manganese Rd) | 14.6 | +0.7 | 20.8 | 5 Jul | 1.6 | -2.1 | -4.2 | 14 Jul | 66.5 | 169.5 | v low | 39% |
Gundagai (Nangus Rd) | 14.5 | +0.5 | 22.0 | 4 Aug | 2.0 | -1.0 | -3.6 | 30 Aug | 101.2 | 178.0 | lowest | 57% |
Temora Airport | 15.1 | +0.5 | 21.3 | 25 Aug | 1.3 | -1.2 | -6.8 | 29 Aug | 73.6 | 123.7 | v low | 59% |
Young Airport | 14.1 | +0.3 | 20.2 | 3 Aug | 0.0 | -1.5 | -5.8 | 29 Aug | 100.0 | 169.5 | low | 59% |
Riverina (East) (district 74) | ||||||||||||
Corowa Airport | 14.4 | +0.4 | 19.2 | 10 Aug | 1.4 | -2.0 | -4.9 | 29 Aug | 100.4 | 163.9 | low | 61% |
Deniliquin Airport AWS | 15.8 | +0.6 | 21.8 | 5 Jul | 3.1 | -0.8 | -4.1 | 11 Jul | 47.4 | 91.3 | low | 52% |
Kapooka (Defence) | 14.6 | 21.1 | 3 Aug | 2.6 | -5.3 | 29 Aug | 70.8 | |||||
Narrandera Airport AWS | 16.1 | +0.9 | 21.4 | 15 Aug | 3.1 | -0.5 | -4.7 | 29 Aug | 63.6 | 114.6 | v low | 55% |
Tocumwal Airport | 14.7 | -0.1 | 20.8 | 5 Jul | 2.9 | -1.1 | -3.1 | 29 Aug | 67.1 | 128.7 | low | 52% |
Yanco Agricultural Institute | 16.0 | +0.7 | 21.4 | 5 Jul | 4.8 | -0.5 | -1.4 | 25 Jun | 43.8 | 104.0 | low | 42% |
Riverina (West) (district 75) | ||||||||||||
Griffith Airport AWS | 16.7 | +1.2 | 22.6 | 5 Jul | 3.1 | -0.9 | -4.5 | 29 Aug | 47.6 | 103.7 | low | 46% |
Hay Airport AWS | 17.1 | +0.7 | 22.9 | 5 Jul | 3.3 | -0.6 | -4.7 | 11 Jul | 30.2 | 68.3 | v low | 44% |
Hillston Airport | 17.4 | +1.5 | 23.6 | 5 Jul | 3.6 | -0.9 | -3.0 | 25 Jun | 28.6 | 96.8 | v low | 30% |
Lake Cargelligo Airport | 17.2 | +0.8 | 24.0 | 5 Jul | 4.2 | 0.0 | -2.9 | 15 Jul | 49.6 | 105.1 | low | 47% |
Note: From 2017, information about Lord Howe and Norfolk Islands can be found in the climate summary for the Remote Islands and Antarctica |
Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top
Notes
The Seasonal climate summary, generally published on the first working day of each month, lists the main features of the weather in New South Wales using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. More extensive discussion of significant weather events, along with later information and data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review.
This statement has been prepared based on information available at 10 am on Monday 3 September 2018. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.
In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.
Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from
all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site.
They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median
is sometimes more representative than the
mean
of long-term average rain.
The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site,
based on the
decile ranking
(very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3,
average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9
and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a
percentage of the long-term mean.
Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.
Further information
- Media
- media@bom.gov.au (03) 9669 4057
- Enquiries
- helpdesk.climate@bom.gov.au
Unless otherwise noted, all maps, graphs and diagrams in this page are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence