South East Queensland
Water access and use
Water rights, entitlements, allocations and restrictions
a. Introduction
This note provides information about the water access rights granted by jurisdictions to the users of the South East Queensland (SEQ) region's water resources and the associated allocation announcements, diversions, and forfeitures–adjustments. Information about restrictions to water access rights is also included in this note.
Information about restrictions to urban consumers is not included in this note, but rather in the urban system interactions with the region note and the Water rights, operating rules and constraints within the 'Contextual information'.
Other arrangements, contracts or inter–basin agreements that may or may not result in the creation of water assets and water liabilities are not reported here. These can be found in the Surface water note, Groundwater note, and the Urban water system note.
The 2013 Account acknowledges the varying jurisdictional legislative water resource management frameworks related to Australian rights to water that support water resource management in Australia. The legislative water resource management frameworks vary greatly between jurisdictions, sometimes making comparisons difficult. To facilitate meaningful comparison between the water accounting reports included in the 2013 Account, the Bureau has developed and applied an accounting concept to classify and report water rights within a water-asset/water-liability framework.
In the 2013 Account, the broad categories of water access entitlements relate to the capacity of an entitlement to create or not to create a water liability on the region's water resource and not to any jurisdictional classification.
Surface water rights are categorised broadly into:
- water rights that cannot create a water liability in the region: line item 32.1 Other statutory surface water rights and line item 32.2 Surface water access entitlement for non-allocated; or
- water rights that may create a water liability in the region: line item 32.3 Surface water access entitlement for allocated diversion.
Groundwater rights are categorised broadly into:
- water rights that do not create a water liability in the region: line item 33.1 Other statutory groundwater rights and line item 33.2 Groundwater access entitlement for non-allocated extractions; or
- water rights that may create a water liability: line item 33.3 Groundwater access entitlement for allocated extractions.
In the National Water Account 'Other statutory water rights' are defined as water rights conferred by water legislation (a water act or water sharing plan), for which there is no individual entitlement.
b. Surface water rights
The 2013 Account acknowledges the varied terminology used by jurisdictions to describe and classify their water entitlements.
In the 2013 Account, water rights associated in the South East Queensland (SEQ) region with diverting water from a watercourse (river/stream/channel) are reported as surface water rights.
In the SEQ region surface water rights that create a water liability include supplemented water access entitlements and are reported in line item 32.3 Surface water access entitlement for allocated diversions. Supplemented water is the water supplied under an interim resource operations licence, resource operations licence, or other authority to operate water infrastructure.
All other surface water access entitlements in the SEQ region are unsupplemented water and are reported in line item 32.2 Surface water access entitlement for non-allocated diversions. Under these entitlements, no water liability was recognised in the 2013 Account prior to the diversion taking place. Unsupplemented water is the water that is not supplemented water.
Non–entitled water rights, such as riparian water rights are reported in line item 32.1 Other statutory surface water rights.
There are no seasonally applied restrictions to water access entitlements.
Table 1 summarises, for the surface water resource, the annual volumes of the water right (entitlement on issue or estimation of the other statutory water rights), the allocations announced, the actual abstractions and use of allocation, and the forfeiture and adjustments of allocations, during the 2012–13 year.
Water rights (at 30 June 2013) | Water allocation (2012–13) |
Water abstraction/use |
Forfeiture, adjustment |
||||
Line item | Volume (ML) |
Line item |
Volume (ML) |
Line item |
Volume (ML) |
Line item |
Volume (ML) |
3,628 | n/a | n/a | 3,628 | n/a | n/a | ||
54,418 | n/a | n/a | 9,035 | n/a | n/a | ||
n/a | n/a | 3,529 | n/a | n/a | |||
32.3 Surface water access entitlement for allocation diversion |
515,760 | 73,304 | 5,986 | 67,318 | |||
442,826 | 220,891 | 221,935 | |||||
573,806 | 516,130 | 243,069 | 289,253 |
Table Notes:
1. n/a = not applicable.
2. Note that water allocations, abstraction/use and forfeiture, adjustment shown in the Tables 1 for the urban water system do not appear in the water accounting statements because they are transactions that occurred within the region. These transactions did not impact the region's water assets and water liabilities.
3. More information about the items presented in Table 1 is provided in the linked line item notes.
c. Groundwater rights
In the South East Queensland (SEQ) region, groundwater rights that create a liability include groundwater rights for the benefitted area of the Central Lockyer Valley water supply scheme (WSS). Refer to line item 18.11 Entitled extraction of allocated groundwater to users for a definition of benefitted area.
These water rights are reported in line item 33.3 Groundwater access entitlement for allocated extractions.
All other licensed groundwater extractions in the SEQ region are unsupplemented. No water liability was recognised for them in the 2013 Account. The volumes of the corresponding entitlements could not be quantified (line item 33.2 Groundwater access entitlement for non–allocated extractions).
Unlicensed groundwater extractions occurred outside groundwater management areas. No volumetric estimate for these groundwater rights was available (line item 33.1 Other statutory groundwater rights).
Table 2 summarises, for the groundwater resource, the annual volumes of the water right (entitlement on issue or estimation of the other statutory water rights), the allocations announced, the actual abstractions and use of allocation, and the forfeiture and adjustments of allocations, during the 2012–13 year.
Water rights (at 30 June 2013) | Water allocation (2012–13) |
Water abstraction/use |
Forfeiture, adjustment |
||||
Line item | Volume (ML) |
Line item |
Volume (ML) |
Line item |
Volume (ML) |
Line item |
Volume (ML) |
– | – | – | – | n/a | n/a | ||
– | n/a | n/a | 3,064 | n/a | n/a | ||
n/a | n/a | n/a | 158 | n/a | n/a | ||
33.3 Groundwater access entitlement for allocation extraction |
9,340 | 9,340 | 2,078 | 7,262 | |||
9,340 | 9,340 | 5,300 | 7,262 |
Table Notes:
- n/a = not applicable.
- en dash (–) = no data available.
- More information about the items can be found in the respective linked line item notes.
Water market activity
This region note reports on water market activities that occurred during the 2012–13 reporting year in the South East Queensland (SEQ) region.
In the SEQ region, trade or lease of water entitlements or allocations does not occur between water supply schemes but can occur within them. Trade or lease of water entitlements or allocations between the region and outside the region does not occur. Trade or lease of groundwater entitlements or allocations in the region does not occur.
Regulated water access entitlements (called 'water allocations' using Queensland terminology) are separate from land rights, and are tradeable and registered on the former Department of Environment and Resource Management's (DERM's) water allocation register. This function is now performed by the Department of Natural Resources and Mines (DNRM) and/or the Department of Energy and Water Supply (DEWS). There are currently markets for surface water rights trade only, but markets for groundwater rights trade may be developed in the future. The rules for trade of water access entitlements are detailed in the relevant resource operation plan. The rules for water allocation trade (called 'temporary trading' or 'seasonal water assignment' using Queensland terminology) are detailed in the Queensland Water Regulations 2002), and the relevant resource operation plan and interim resource operation licence.
Accordingly, surface water trade (Table 3) reported for the SEQ region during the 2012–13 year includes surface water entitlement trades, and leases, and allocation trades within water supply schemes in the region.
The following information on water trades is reported in this note:
- trade of surface entitlements within the region
- lease of surface entitlements within the region
- trade of surface water allocations within the region.
Line item | Volume |
No. of trades |
Surface water entitlement trade | ||
287 | 9 | |
Surface water entitlement lease | ||
0 | 0 | |
Surface water allocation trade | ||
664 | 11 | |
951 | 20 |
The SEQ region was on permanent water conservation measures (PWCM) from 1 December 2009. On April 2012, the PWCM were amended to remove a number of mainly non-residential restrictions which already existed elsewhere in the legislation or were shown to have been put in place. The residential restrictions only had minor changes which would not have significantly impacted on the overall consumption. The PWCM were then lifted on 1 January 2013 as a result of the abolition of the Queensland Water Commission.
It was noted that Yarraman was under Level 1 restrictions and Crow's Nest and Preston were under PWCM in 2012-13 (refer to http://www.toowoombarc.qld.gov.au/environment-and-waste/water-restrictions).
Water use
a. Environmental benefit
Information on legislative, administrative, and governing arrangements of environmental water in the region is available in the Environmental water management section of the 'Contextual information'.
In the South East Queensland (SEQ) region, environmental benefit is delivered through three water management scenarios:
- Planned partly supplemented surface water: the dominant feature of environmental water management in this scenario is the ability to control or influence flow by operational releases from storage.
- Planned unsupplemented surface water: in this scenario, water is managed for environmental benefit through controlling the water access regime.
- Top-up release: it does not apply to Seqwater; an exception can be made for Mt Crosby Weir where water is sometimes released from Wivenhoe Dam to maintain environmental flows and use for water treatment plant.
For each scenario, the information, if available, is structured as follows:
- Environmental water determinations, including ecological and environmental flow objectives are identified in water resource plans (WRPs). There are three water management areas and subsequently three WRPs that apply to the SEQ region (a map of the WRP areas can be seen in Table A2 in the Water management plans in 'Contextual information').
- The environmental water commitment describes how these objectives are achieved through operating and environmental management rules and access rules for water allocations detailed in resource operations plans (ROPs).
- Environmental outcomes, including whether environmental flow objectives were achieved and compliance with operating and environmental management rules, are reported on as part of the monitoring and reporting requirements in the ROPs.
Within each WRP area, water allocations are made for water supply schemes (WSSs) with regard to supplemented surface water and for water in a river with regard to unsupplemented surface water.
The ecological and environmental flow objectives detailed in the relevant WRP apply to both WSSs and unsupplemented water allocations; however, the operating and environmental management rules applicable to the WSSs are different from the access rules applicable to unsupplemented water allocations. Rules for WSSs prescribe operating levels for infrastructure such as storages and weirs, and require releases from storages to satisfy minimum flow conditions. Rules for unsupplemented water allocations prescribe rates of taking water and that the licence holder must comply with any specific conditions of the licence.
For clarity of presentation environmental water determinations, commitments, and outcomes are summarised/presented for each WRP area. The differences in operating and environmental management rules are indicated where appropriate.
Although the Moreton WRP also includes several groundwater management units, environmental objectives specific to the groundwater resource are not described in the WRP. Therefore, it is considered that there are no environmental water provisions for groundwater in this area.
Environmental water determination
Schedule 5 of the Gold Coast WRP identifies ecological and environmental flow objectives for the catchments located within the Gold Coast WRP area.
Environmental flow objectives are identified for specific locations along the watercourses within the management area (referred to as 'nodes') and are described in Schedule 4 of the WRP. Schedule 5 of the WRP describes in detail the low, medium and high flows and seasonal flow objectives for each of these nodes. In addition to detailing the environmental flow objectives the Gold Coast WRP also sets out performance indicators for environmental flow objectives, described in Clause 12 of the WRP and summarised briefly in Table 4.
Low flow |
Medium to high flow |
Seasonal flow |
|
|
|
Source: Gold Coast environmental flow objectives
Ecological outcomes expected of the Gold Coast WRP are described in clause 11 of the plan. Briefly, they are to minimise changes to:
- the flow regimes of rivers described as waters of high ecological value in the Environmental Protection (Water) Policy 1997
- river-forming processes and changes to flow regimes in the Nerang River and Nerang Creek.
The Gold Coast ROP describes the operating and environmental management rules and water access rules for the Nerang WSS (supplemented) and the lower Nerang Water Management Area (unsupplemented).
Nerang Water Supply Scheme: supplemented (regulated) system
The Gold Coast ROP sets out the rules the licence holder (Seqwater) must follow to achieve the outcomes of the Gold Coast WRP. The ROP requires Seqwater to make releases from water storages as described in Table 5 (see clauses 71 and 72A of the ROP).
Storage |
Storage volume/level |
Storage Release (ML/day) |
Hinze |
water level > 45.6 mAHD |
7.25 |
water level > 45.6 mAHD and flow at Numinbah gauging station on the Nerang River is greater than 100ML/day |
12 |
|
Little Nerang |
water level > 139.3 mAHD |
3 |
Lower Nerang water management area: unsupplemented
Water access rules that apply to water allocations in the Lower Nerang water management area are detailed in clause 94 of the Gold Coast ROP and include that:
- water is abstracted at a rate not exceeding the maximum rate on the allocation
- the allocation holder complies with any special conditions on the allocation.
In accordance with clauses 118A and 119 in the ROP, the resource operations licence (ROL) holder is responsible for reporting on streamflow levels, infrastructure levels, and releases from infrastructure and ultimately their compliance with environmental objectives throughout the water year. Data on stream flow is available through the Queensland Government's water monitoring website.
Top–up environmental releases (ROL holder releases from infrastructure) did not occur within the Gold Coast WRP area.
The Seqwater allowed 3,976 ML (Little Nerang Dam 1,102 ML, and Hinze Dam 2,874 ML) specific releases for environmental purposes at various times during the 2012–13 year.
Environmental water determination
The Moreton WRP identifies ecological and environmental flow objectives for the catchments located within the Moreton WRP area as described in schedules 1, 4, and 5 of the WRP.
Environmental flow objectives are identified for specific locations along the watercourses within the management area (referred to as 'nodes') and are described in Schedule 6 of the WRP. Schedule 7 of the WRP describes in detail the low flow, medium to high flow, and seasonal flow objectives for each of these nodes. In addition to detailing the environmental flow objectives the Moreton WRP also sets out performance indicators for environmental flow objectives, described in Clause 14 of the WRP and summarised in Table 6.
Low flow |
Medium to high flow |
Seasonal flow |
|
|
|
Source: Moreton environmental flow objectives
Ecological outcomes expected of the Moreton WRP are described in clause 11 of the plan. Briefly, they are to:
- minimise changes to flows that support river-forming processes and to the low flow regime in the Stanley River and tributaries
- provide freshwater flows to the Boondall Wetlands.
Water supply schemes: supplemented
The Moreton ROP describes the operating and environmental management rules for the three WSS operating under a ROL within the Moreton WRP area. Environmental water rules, in the form of storage releases, are in force for two WSS and are described in Table 7:
- Central Brisbane River and Stanley River WSS (Seqwater): see clause 75
- Cressbrook Creek WSS (Toowoomba Regional Council): see clauses 122 and 123.
Water supply scheme |
Storage |
Storage release rate |
Storage release conditions/criteria |
Central Brisbane River and Stanley River Water Supply Scheme |
Mount Crosby Weir |
Minimum flow of 8.64 ML/day |
When critical water sharing arrangements are not in force |
Cressbrook Water Supply Scheme |
Lake Cressbrook |
Once triggered the release should satisfy the following conditions:
|
The following conditions need to be satisfied to trigger a release:
|
Lake Perseverance |
Minimum flow of 4.92 ML/day |
When:
|
mAHD = metres Australian height datum
In addition to the Pine Valleys WSS, water supply schemes that currently operate under an interim resource operation licence also do not include any environmental provisions.
Moreton WRP area: unsupplementedWater access rules that apply to water entitlements in the Moreton WRP area that are unsupplemented are detailed in clause 35 of the Moreton ROP and include that:
- water is abstracted at a rate not exceeding the maximum rate on the allocation
- the allocation holder complies with any special conditions on the allocation.
In accordance with clauses 152 and 153 in the ROP, the resource operations licence holder is responsible for reporting on streamflow levels, infrastructure levels, releases from infrastructure, and, ultimately, their compliance with environmental objectives throughout the water year.
The Seqwater allowed 8,552 ML from Wivenhoe Dam as specific release for environmental purposes at various times during the 2012–13 year.
Environmental water determination
The Logan Basin WRP identifies ecological and environmental flow objectives for the catchments located within the Logan Basin WRP area as described in Schedule 2 and 3 of the WRP.
Environmental flow objectives are identified for specific locations along the watercourses within the management area (referred to as 'nodes') and are described in Schedule 4 of the WRP. Schedule 5 of the WRP describes in detail the low flow, medium to high flow and seasonal flow objectives for each of these nodes. In addition to detailing the environmental flow objectives the Logan Basin WRP also sets out performance indicators for environmental flow objectives, described in clause 12 of the WRP and summarised in Table 8.
Low flow |
Medium to high flow |
Seasonal flow |
|
|
|
Source: Logan Basin environmental flow objectives
Ecological outcomes expected of the Logan WRP are described in clause 11 of the plan. Briefly, they are to minimise changes to:
- the flow regimes of rivers described in clause 11(b)
- the flooding regime in the Carbrook wetlands
Logan Water Supply Scheme: supplemented
The Logan Basin ROP describes the operating and environmental management rules for the Logan WSS (regulated/supplemented). The ROP requires Seqwater to make releases from water storages as described in the Table 9 (see clauses 87 and 88 of the ROP). The resource operations licence (ROL) holder must minimise the occurrence of adverse environmental impacts by ensuring release of water incrementally from the storages depending on the flow criteria.
Storage | Storage release rate | Storage release conditions/criteria |
Lake Maroon | equal to the volume of inflow | when inflow is equal to or less than 4 ML/day |
4 ML/day | when inflow is > 4ML/day | |
Bromelton Weir | equal to the volume of inflow | when inflow is equal to or less than 5 ML/day |
5 ML/day | when inflow is > 5ML/day | |
Cedar Grove Weir | equal to the volume of inflow | when inflow is equal to or less than 5 ML/day |
5 ML/day | when inflow is > 5ML/day | |
Wyaralong dam | 0 ML/day | when inflow to Wyaralong Dam is less than 2 ML/day |
2 ML/day | when inflow to Wyaralong Dam is equal to or greater than 2 ML/day, but less than 5 ML/day | |
5 ML/day | when inflow to Wyaralong Dam is equal to or greater than 5 ML/day, but less than 50ML/day | |
50 ML/day | when inflow to Wyaralong Dam is equal to or greater than 50 ML/day. |
source: Environmental flow release
Logan WRP area: unsupplemented
The area covered by unsupplemented water allocations in the Logan WRP area are described in Attachment 2 of the ROP. Water sharing rules are detailed in Attachment 7 of the ROP and require that relevant licence holders:
- ensure that water is abstracted at a rate not exceeding the maximum rate on the allocation
- ensure that daily volumetric limits are not exceeded
In accordance with clauses 137 and 138 in the ROP, the ROL holder is responsible for reporting on streamflow levels, infrastructure levels, releases from infrastructure and, ultimately, their compliance with environmental objectives throughout the water year.
Top–up environmental releases (ROL holder releases from infrastructure) did not occur within the Logan Basin WRP area.
There were no specific releases for environmental purposes in the 2012–13 year.
b. Social, cultural and economic benefit
The Gold Coast, Logan Basin, and Moreton WRPs require that water be managed for general and ecological purposes. This includes social and cultural benefits.
There are no formal entitlements held for social or cultural purposes in the Gold Coast, Logan Basin, or Moreton WRP areas. Surface water stores are managed through a rules-based system outlined in the WRPs and ROPs.
In Queensland, entitlements and allocations do not have intended use as an attribute, and all metered abstractions do not have entitlement priority or use as attributes. Water held for cultural, social or economic purposes can not be differentiated explicitly.