Tuesday, 1 December 2020 - Seasonal Climate Summary for Victoria - Product code IDCKGC26R0

Victoria in spring 2020: much warmer than average

Spring rainfall was generally close to average across most of Victoria. It was drier than average in some areas scattered across the east, and wetter than average in parts of the West Central and West Coast districts. Daytime temperatures were much warmer than average in eastern and northern Victoria, and along the west coast. Night-time temperatures were much warmer than average across the state, and highest on record in Gippsland and Central districts.

Close to average rainfall

  • Spring rainfall was generally close to average across most of Victoria.
  • It was drier than average in some areas scattered across the east, and wetter than average in parts of the West Central and West Coast districts.
  • Rainfall was below average in September, above average in October, and well below average in November.
  • State-wide, rainfall was 5% below the long-term spring average of 181 mm.
  • The state's highest daily rainfall total this spring, 73.6 mm, was recorded at Falls Creek on the 17 October, when a low pressure system moved south-east across Victoria, bringing moderate to heavy rainfall to the eastern parts.
  • With 546.4 mm, Falls Creek was also the wettest place in Victoria for the season.
  • Hawkesdale and Cape Liptrap had their highest spring daily rainfall on record.
  • Mortlake Racecourse and Warnambool Airport had their highest total spring rainfall on record, and Aireys Inlet had its highest total spring rainfall for at least two decades.
  • Averaged across the state, the year-to-date rainfall total was around 634 mm, slightly above the long-term average.

Warmest spring nights on record

  • Night-time temperatures were much warmer than average across the state, and highest on record in eastern and central Victoria.
  • Victoria's mean minimum temperature was 1.72 °C above the long-term average, the highest on record for spring (more than 0.2 °C higher than previous record set in 2009).
  • The highest minimum temperature in the state during the spring was 24.4 °C recorded at Mildura Airport on 28 November.
  • Many sites had their highest spring mean daily minimum temperature on record or highest spring mean daily minimum temperature for at least 20 years.
  • Daytime temperatures were much warmer than average in most of eastern and northern Victoria, and along the west coast.
  • State-wide mean maximum temperature was 2.01 °C warmer than the long-term average, ranking as Victoria's equal seventh-warmest mean daytime temperature on record for spring.
  • Gelantipy, Mallacoota and Cape Nelson Lighthouse had their highest spring mean daily maximum temperature on record
  • The highest maximum temperature in the state during the spring was 45.8 °C recorded at Ouyen on 28 November.
  • Some sites had their highest spring temperature on record on 28 November.
  • Victoria's overall mean temperature for spring was 1.87 °C above average, the 3rd-warmest on record (after 1914 and 2015).
  • Some sites had their highest spring mean temperature on record or highest spring mean temperature for at least 20 years.
  • For the January to November period, Victoria's mean maximum and minimum temperatures were 0.45 °C and 0.60 °C above average respectively.

Winds, dust and snow

  • On 2 September, strong winds raised a large cloud of dust in Victoria's dry north; "muddy rain" was observed in parts of central Victoria on the 3rd, as dust that had been lifted from further north was carried over the state and brought to the surface locally by showers.
  • Widespread heavy snow fell on 25 September in the Victorian Alps and blanketed parts of the south-west and central Victoria; snow fell to the lower levels in some areas of western Victoria, including at Mount Macedon, the Otway Ranges, Ballarat, Lismore, Ararat and Mortlake.
  • Dry lightning started fires in different parts of the State on 15 November, in particular across the Mallee and Wimmera.
  • Thunderstorms, locally severe, affected parts of southern Victoria on 22 November; approximately 300,000 lightning strikes were recorded in the 24 hours to 9am on the 23rd. The State Emergency Services received more than 300 calls for assistance, mostly for fallen trees, flooding and building damage.
  • Victoria experienced strong gusty winds on many days during spring, generally associated with the passage of cold fronts; the strongest wind gust this season of 157 km/h was recorded on 29 November at Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse.

Further information

Media
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Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top

Extremes in spring 2020
Hottest day 45.8 °C at Ouyen (Post Office) on 28 Nov
Warmest days on average 26.2 °C at Mildura Airport
Coolest days on average 10.3 °C at Falls Creek
Coldest day -2.9 °C at Mount Hotham on 25 Sep
Coldest night -6.9 °C at Mount Hotham on 26 Sep
Coolest nights on average 3.3 °C at Falls Creek
Warmest nights on average 12.7 °C at Gabo Island Lighthouse
Warmest night 24.4 °C at Mildura Airport on 28 Nov
Warmest on average overall 19.0 °C at Mildura Airport
Coolest on average overall 6.8 °C at Falls Creek
Wettest overall 546.4 mm at Falls Creek
Wettest day 73.6 mm at Falls Creek on 17 Oct
Strongest wind gust 157 km/h at Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse on 29 Nov

Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top

Maps
ObservedAnomalyDecile rank
Total
rainfall		 Map of Rainfall totals Map of Percentage of normal rainfall Map of Rainfall deciles
Mean
daily
maximum
temperatures		 Map of Mean maximum temperature Map of Anomaly in mean maximum temperature Map of Decile rank of mean maximum temperature
Mean
daily
minimum
temperatures		 Map of Mean minimum temperature Map of Anomaly in mean minimum temperature Map of Decile rank of mean minimum temperature

Click on a map to show it full size in a pop-up window

Record highest spring daily rainfall
New record
(mm)		 Old
record		 Years of
record
Hawkesdale (Post Office) 60.2 on 8 Oct 52.8 on 5 Oct 1894 130
Cape Liptrap (Illawong) 65.0 on 23 Oct 64.0 on 28 Nov 2010 29


Record highest spring total rainfall
New record
(mm)		 Old
record		 Years of
record		 Average for
spring
Mortlake Racecourse 266.8 253.2 in 2016 27 158.9
Warrnambool Airport NDB 318.4 306.4 in 2001 21 189.1

Highest spring total rainfall for at least 20 years
Observed
(mm)		 Most recent
higher		 Average for
spring
Aireys Inlet 251.6 259.0 in 2000 175.0


Record highest spring temperature
New record
(°C)		 Old
record		 Years of
record		 Average for
spring
Rutherglen Research 42.6 on 28 Nov 41.8 on 26 Nov 1997 104 21.2
Mildura Airport 45.7 on 28 Nov 45.5 on 29 Nov 2012 75 24.1
Ouyen (Post Office) 45.8 on 28 Nov = 45.8 on 29 Nov 2012 64 23.9
Walpeup Research 45.2 on 28 Nov 44.7 on 29 Nov 2012 53 23.4
Yarrawonga 42.4 on 28 Nov = 42.4 on 21 Nov 2019 28 22.9


Record lowest spring daily maximum temperature
New record
(°C)		 Old
record		 Years of
record		 Average for
spring
Dartmouth Reservoir 7.5 on 25 Sep 7.6 on 5 Sep 2017 42 20.4


Record highest spring mean daily maximum temperature
New record
(°C)		 Old
record		 Years of
record		 Average for
spring
Gelantipy 18.2 = 18.2 in 2017 27 16.5
Mallacoota 20.3 = 20.3 in 2015 27 19.2
Cape Nelson Lighthouse 18.6 = 18.6 in 2014 24 17.3


Record lowest spring temperature
New record
(°C)		 Old
record		 Years of
record		 Average for
spring
Port Fairy AWS 0.4 on 28 Sep 1.1 on 1 Sep 2015 29 9.6
Swan Hill Aerodrome -2.0 on 1 Sep -1.7 on 17 Sep 2017 24 8.5


Record highest spring mean daily minimum temperature
New record
(°C)		 Old
record		 Years of
record		 Average for
spring
Laverton RAAF 10.3 10.2 in 1975 76 8.4
East Sale 9.3 8.7 in 1975 75 7.6
Mildura Airport 11.8 = 11.8 in 2009 74 9.9
Tatura Inst Sustainable Ag 9.2 9.1 in 1975 55 7.8
Kyabram 9.3 9.0 in 2000 53 7.7
Ararat Prison 7.8 = 7.8 in 1975 51 6.3
Essendon Airport 10.6 10.3 in 2017 50 8.4
Moorabbin Airport 10.8 10.7 in 2017 49 9.5
Bairnsdale Airport 9.1 8.8 in 2009 39 7.6
Aireys Inlet 10.4 = 10.4 in 2011 28 9.5
Bendigo Airport 8.8 8.7 in 2017 28 7.0
Mortlake Racecourse 8.1 = 8.1 in 2017 28 6.6
Sheoaks 8.5 = 8.5 in 2000 28 7.5
Gelantipy 7.9 7.3 in 2015 27 6.1
Hunters Hill 9.0 = 9.0 in 2009 27 7.2
Mallacoota 11.9 11.2 in 2015 27 10.1
Redesdale 7.9 7.5 in 2017 27 6.1
Combienbar AWS 9.7 9.3 in 2015 26 8.1
Mount Moornapa 9.5 9.4 in 2009 26 8.3
Yarrawonga 9.2 9.0 in 2009 26 7.8
Eildon Fire Tower 8.7 = 8.7 in 2015 24 7.6
Mount Nowa Nowa 10.7 10.2 in 2009 24 9.3
Shepparton Airport 9.6 9.1 in 2017 24 7.9
Viewbank 10.2 = 10.2 in 2017 20 9.3

Highest spring mean daily minimum temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)		 Most recent
higher		 Average for
spring
Kerang 10.5 10.6 in 1903* 8.9
Gabo Island Lighthouse 12.7 12.8 in 1917 11.2
Echuca Aerodrome 9.6 9.7 in 1975 8.7
Ballarat Aerodrome 7.5 =7.5 in 1978* 6.3
Longerenong 7.9 8.0 in 1990* 6.9
Avalon Airport 9.5 9.6 in 2000 8.4
Cerberus 10.2 10.5 in 2000 9.0
Coldstream 8.6 9.1 in 2000 7.0
Morwell (Latrobe Valley Airport) 8.7 8.8 in 2000 7.6
Scoresby Research Institute 10.0 10.3 in 2000 8.9
Strathbogie 6.7 7.2 in 2000 5.5
Wangaratta Aero 8.0 8.6 in 2000 6.8

* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a higher value has gone unreported



Record highest spring mean temperature
New record
(°C)		 Old
record		 Years of
record		 Average for
spring
East Sale 15.1 14.8 in 2017 75 13.4
Wangaratta Aero 15.6 = 15.6 in 2015 32 14.2
Cerberus 15.0 14.9 in 2017 28 13.8
Rhyll 15.5 = 15.5 in 2015 28 14.5
Gelantipy 13.0 12.6 in 2009 27 11.3
Mallacoota 16.1 15.8 in 2015 27 14.6
Combienbar AWS 14.8 14.7 in 2017 26 13.3
Coldstream 14.8 14.6 in 2017 25 13.5
Mount Nowa Nowa 15.3 = 15.3 in 2017 24 14.2
Shepparton Airport 16.7 = 16.7 in 2015 24 15.1

Highest spring mean temperature for at least 20 years
Observed
(°C)		 Most recent
higher		 Average for
spring
Gabo Island Lighthouse 15.7 15.8 in 1889* 14.2
Rutherglen Research 15.5 15.8 in 1938* 13.8

* note: there are gaps in the historical record at this site, so it is possible a higher value has gone unreported



Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top

Summary statistics for spring 2020
Maximum temperatures
(°C)		 Minimum temperatures
(°C)		 Rainfall
(millimetres)
Mean for
spring
2020		 Diff
from
average		 Highest for
spring
2020		 Mean for
spring
2020		 Diff
from
average		 Lowest for
spring
2020		 Total for
spring
2020		 Average
for
spring		 Rank of
spring
2020		 Fraction of
spring
average
North Mallee (district 76)
Mildura Airport 26.2 +2.1 45.7 28 Nov 11.8 +1.9 2.1 10 Sep 89.2 80.8 average 110%
Ouyen (Post Office) 25.8 +1.9 45.8 28 Nov 10.7 +1.6 0.5 1 Sep 85.6 94.1 average 91%
Walpeup Research 25.8 +2.4 45.2 28 Nov 10.6 +1.5 1.4 27 Sep 86.8 91.2 average 95%
South Mallee (district 77)
Hopetoun Airport 24.9 +0.4 43.3 27 Nov 8.7 +1.0 -2.1 1 Sep 87.4 78.1 average 112%
Swan Hill Aerodrome 25.6 +1.3 44.7 28 Nov 9.8 +1.3 -2.0 1 Sep 88.4 88.5 average 100%
North Wimmera (district 78)
Kellalac (Warracknabeal Airport) 23.5   42.5 27 Nov 8.1   -1.4 1 Sep 100.2
Nhill Aerodrome 22.6 +0.1 41.1 27 Nov 9.0 +1.2 0.8 1 Sep 114.2 87.6 average 130%
South Wimmera (district 79)
Edenhope Airport 20.8 +0.1 36.3 19 Nov 8.9 +0.9 0.2 10 Sep 166.8 113.7 high 147%
Grampians (Mount William) 13.1 +0.5 28.6 27 Nov 4.7 +0.5 -2.5 26 Sep
Horsham Aerodrome 22.3 +0.3 40.1 27 Nov 7.3 +1.1 -2.2 1 Sep 126.4 97.9 high 129%
Kanagulk 20.5 0.0 37.7 27 Nov 7.7 +0.6 -0.7 1 Sep 152.0 108.7 high 140%
Longerenong 22.4 +1.4 41.5 27 Nov 7.9 +1.0 0.7 15 Sep
Pyrenees (Ben Nevis) 15.9 +0.1 31.5 27 Nov 6.7 +0.5 -1.4 26 Sep 207.2 177.6 average 117%
Stawell Aerodrome 20.5 +0.3 37.6 27 Nov 8.5 +0.7 0.2 28 Sep 144.2 123.4 average 117%
Lower North (district 80)
Charlton 23.9 +0.4 41.3 27 Nov 9.3 +1.4 -1.4 1 Sep 95.6 94.2 average 101%
Echuca Aerodrome 24.4 +2.2 42.6 28 Nov 9.6 +0.9 -0.6 1 Sep 88.3 111.9 average 79%
Kerang 25.0 +2.0 42.5 27 Nov 10.5 +1.6 -0.6 1 Sep 72.8 101.5 average 72%
Kyabram 23.6 +2.1 41.3 28 Nov 9.3 +1.6 -0.8 1 Sep
Upper North (district 81)
Bendigo Airport 21.9 +1.0 38.2 27 Nov 8.8 +1.8 -1.5 1 Sep 150.8 137.5 high 110%
Shepparton Airport 23.8 +1.5 40.7 28 Nov 9.6 +1.7 -0.5 1 Sep 74.8 112.2 average 67%
Tatura Inst Sustainable Ag 22.6 +1.4 39.3 28 Nov 9.2 +1.4 -0.7 1 Sep 120.0 128.0 average 94%
Yarrawonga 24.4 +1.5 42.4 28 Nov 9.2 +1.4 -1.1 1 Sep 105.2 120.7 average 87%
Lower Northeast (district 82)
Benalla Airport 23.0 +0.7 38.9 28 Nov 9.3 +1.9 -0.2 6 Sep 132.3 124.9 average 106%
Hunters Hill 17.6 +1.4 31.6 28 Nov 9.0 +1.8 -1.2 26 Sep 284.6 291.6 average 98%
Rutherglen Research 23.5 +2.3 42.6 28 Nov 7.6 +1.3 -2.5 1 Sep 128.4 155.7 average 82%
Strathbogie 19.1 +1.1 32.4 27 Nov 6.7 +1.2 -3.1 1 Sep 220.8 241.4 average 91%
Wangaratta Aero 23.3 +1.6 37.8 28 Nov 8.0 +1.2 -1.6 1 Sep 134.0 145.9 average 92%
Upper Northeast (district 83)
Falls Creek 10.3 +1.3 22.8 28 Nov 3.3 +1.6 -6.6 26 Sep 546.4 363.3 high 150%
Mount Buller 10.4 +1.7 21.7 21 Nov 3.4 +1.6 -5.8 26 Sep 433.4 419.4 average 103%
Omeo 19.7 +0.8 34.8 28 Nov 7.0 +1.8 -4.2 28 Sep 159.8 178.8 average 89%
East Gippsland (district 84)
Combienbar AWS 20.0 +1.5 31.0 28 Nov 9.7 +1.6 1.8 1 Sep 280.8 266.7 average 105%
Gabo Island Lighthouse 18.8 +1.6 31.8 16 Nov 12.7 +1.5 7.4 27 Sep 180.2 218.5 average 82%
Gelantipy 18.2 +1.7 31.1 28 Nov 7.9 +1.8 -1.7 1 Sep 180.8 219.0 average 83%
Lakes Entrance (Eastern Beach Road) 20.1 +0.4 32.9 15 Nov 10.4 +0.8 2.6 1 Sep 148.8 175.0 average 85%
Mallacoota 20.3 +1.1 33.8 3 Oct 11.9 +1.8 4.8 10 Sep 223.8 241.7 average 93%
Mount Nowa Nowa 19.9 +0.8 31.9 11 Nov 10.7 +1.4 3.9 26 Sep 188.8 217.7 average 87%
Orbost 21.2 +1.1 32.6 11 Nov 10.7 +1.4 3.3 29 Sep
West Gippsland (district 85)
Bairnsdale Airport 20.9 +1.0 33.1 11 Nov 9.1 +1.5 0.4 1 Sep 136.0 187.9 low 72%
Corner Inlet (Yanakie) 18.7   31.6 19 Nov 10.0   1.7 29 Sep 212.0
East Sale 20.9 +1.6 33.6 11 Nov 9.3 +1.7 0.9 1 Sep 124.2 168.3 low 74%
East Sale Airport 21.3   34.0 19 Nov 9.1   1.0 2 Sep 133.6
Morwell (Latrobe Valley Airport) 20.7 +1.1 34.0 19 Nov 8.7 +1.1 -0.9 1 Sep
Mount Moornapa 19.5 +0.6 33.0 19 Nov 9.5 +1.2 2.2 1 Sep 246.0 238.1 average 103%
Nilma North (Warragul) 20.0   33.6 19 Nov 9.3   -0.1 1 Sep 227.2
Pound Creek 19.4 +0.6 32.0 19 Nov 9.4 +0.7 -0.2 29 Sep 244.6 215.5 high 114%
Wilsons Promontory Lighthouse 17.2 +1.4 30.8 15 Nov 11.6 +1.5 7.6 1 Sep
Yarram Airport 20.1 +0.4 33.0 19 Nov 8.1 +0.4 -0.1 10 Sep 165.2 163.4 average 101%
East Central (district 86)
Cerberus 19.8 +1.2 34.0 19 Nov 10.2 +1.2 0.2 29 Sep 229.6 187.5 high 122%
Coldstream 20.9 +0.9 33.8 27 Nov 8.6 +1.6 -0.3 1 Sep 222.0 209.7 average 106%
Essendon Airport 20.7 +1.3 36.2 27 Nov 10.6 +2.2 2.6 29 Sep 146.6 167.5 average 88%
Ferny Creek 17.2   29.8 27 Nov 8.7   1.4 26 Sep 339.4
Frankston (Ballam Park) 20.0   33.3 19 Nov 10.7   3.8 29 Sep 191.0
Melbourne (Olympic Park) 20.6   36.0 27 Nov 11.6   4.3 29 Sep 156.6
Melbourne Airport 20.5 +1.0 35.4 27 Nov 9.7 +1.0 2.2 29 Sep 136.8 160.3 average 85%
Moorabbin Airport 20.5 +1.2 35.5 19 Nov 10.8 +1.3 2.4 29 Sep 219.4 195.0 average 113%
Rhyll 19.3 +1.2 30.2 19 Nov 11.7 +0.9 5.8 29 Sep 219.0 186.7 high 117%
Scoresby Research Institute 20.7 +1.6 34.4 27 Nov 10.0 +1.1 1.5 29 Sep 212.4 245.4 average 87%
Viewbank 20.9 +0.3 35.4 27 Nov 10.2 +0.9 1.6 29 Sep 185.4 187.1 average 99%
West Central (district 87)
Avalon Airport 20.5 +0.3 36.1 19 Nov 9.5 +1.1 1.3 1 Sep 214.8 142.3 high 151%
Breakwater (Geelong Racecourse) 20.0   35.3 19 Nov 10.1   2.1 28 Sep 228.8 138.7 high 165%
Laverton RAAF 20.7 +1.3 35.8 27 Nov 10.3 +1.9 1.4 29 Sep 155.6 155.3 average 100%
Sheoaks 18.9 +0.6 34.4 27 Nov 8.5 +1.0 -0.6 28 Sep 192.8 159.6 high 121%
North Central (district 88)
Eildon Fire Tower 18.3 +1.1 31.5 27 Nov 8.7 +1.1 -0.1 26 Sep 189.8 167.3 high 113%
Lake Eildon 21.6 +1.5 34.2 27 Nov 8.8 +1.4 -0.5 1 Sep 238.2 224.9 average 106%
Mangalore Airport 21.8 +1.1 37.4 27 Nov 8.8 +1.3 -1.1 1 Sep 125.4 147.3 average 85%
Maryborough 21.3 +1.1 37.8 27 Nov 8.7 +1.3 -0.2 1 Sep 114.5 139.7 average 82%
Puckapunyal Lyon Hill (Defence) 21.4   37.3 27 Nov 10.0   1.4 1 Sep 122.6
Puckapunyal West (Defence) 20.3   36.1 27 Nov 9.2   1.8 1 Sep 135.2
Redesdale 21.1 +1.0 36.0 27 Nov 7.9 +1.8 -0.9 28 Sep 155.2 147.0 average 106%
Wallan (Kilmore Gap) 17.0 +0.6 30.6 27 Nov 8.0 +0.8 0.2 26 Sep 206.4 178.1 high 116%
Western Plains (district 89)
Ararat Prison     36.5 27 Nov 7.8 +1.5 -1.5 28 Sep 186.9 160.5 high 116%
Ballarat Aerodrome 18.0 +1.2 32.6 27 Nov 7.5 +1.2 -1.2 1 Sep 210.0 192.5 average 109%
Westmere 19.0 -0.4 35.8 27 Nov 7.0 +1.0 -0.9 1 Sep 219.4 136.5 high 161%
West Coast (district 90)
Aireys Inlet 18.7 +0.6 35.7 19 Nov 10.4 +0.9 3.2 26 Sep 251.6 175.0 v high 144%
Cape Nelson Lighthouse 18.6 +1.3 35.8 19 Nov 10.8 +0.2 3.9 1 Sep 258.4 168.4 v high 153%
Cape Otway Lighthouse 17.8 +1.0 35.1 19 Nov 10.9 +1.3 4.5 28 Sep
Casterton 19.5 +0.1 34.7 19 Nov 8.1 +0.8 0.5 7 Oct 217.6 154.0 high 141%
Colac (Mount Gellibrand) 18.1 +0.6 33.1 19 Nov 8.5 +0.6 2.8 26 Sep
Dartmoor 19.9 +0.5 37.0 19 Nov 8.6 +0.6 -0.6 1 Sep 216.0 166.4 high 130%
Hamilton Airport 18.9 +0.8 34.4 19 Nov 7.9 +1.1 0.5 28 Sep 248.4 171.0 v high 145%
Mortlake Racecourse 19.4 +1.1 33.8 19 Nov 8.1 +1.5 -1.1 28 Sep 266.8 158.9 highest 168%
Port Fairy AWS 18.9 +0.6 35.5 19 Nov 10.4 +0.8 0.4 28 Sep 268.2 168.0 v high 160%
Portland (Cashmore Airport) 18.1 +1.1 34.2 19 Nov 9.2 +0.6 0.2 28 Sep 305.2 203.5 v high 150%
Warrnambool Airport NDB 18.8 +0.6 34.6 19 Nov 8.6 +0.8 0.5 28 Sep 318.4 189.1 highest 168%

Extremes Maps Records Summaries Important notes the top

Notes

The Seasonal climate summary, generally published on the first working day of each month, lists the main features of the weather in Victoria using the most timely and accurate information available on the date of publication; it will generally not be updated. More extensive discussion of significant weather events, along with later information and data that has had greater opportunity for quality control, will be presented in the Monthly Weather Review.

This statement has been prepared based on information available at 10 am on Tuesday 1 December 2020. Some checks have been made on the data, but it is possible that results will change as new information becomes available.

In some situations, some or all of the rainfall is in the form of hail or snow. In these cases the totals given are for the water equivalent: the depth of liquid water that results from melting any frozen precipitation. There can be significant 'undercatch' of snow in strong winds, meaning the true precipitation can be higher than that reported.

Averages for individual sites are long-term means based on observations from all available years of record, which vary widely from site to site. They are not shown for sites with less than 10 years of record, as they cannot then be calculated reliably.
The median is sometimes more representative than the mean of long-term average rain.

The Rank indicates how rainfall this time compares with the climate record for the site, based on the decile ranking (very low rainfall is in decile 1, low in decile 2 or 3, average in decile 4 to 7, high in decile 8 or 9 and very high is in decile 10).
The Fraction of average shows how much rain has fallen this time as a percentage of the long-term mean.

Where temperature area averages are mentioned, they are derived from the ACORN-SAT dataset.

Further information

Media
(03) 9669 4057

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